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📄 ipchains log format.htm

📁 这是我对防火墙技术的一些见解
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            <TD align=middle width=20>7</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>8</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>9</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>10</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>11</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>12</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>13</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>14</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>15</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>16</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>17</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>18</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>19</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>20</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>21</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>22</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>23</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>24</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>25</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>26</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>27</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>28</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>29</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>30</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>31</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#e2e2e2>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=4 height=30>IP Version</TD>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=4>Hdr.Length</TD>
            <TD align=middle bgColor=#c8c8c8 colSpan=8><B>TOS / DS,ECN</B></TD>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16>Total Length</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#e2e2e2>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16 height=30>Identification</TD>
            <TD align=middle>-</TD>
            <TD align=middle>DF</TD>
            <TD align=middle>MF</TD>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=13>Fragment Offset</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#e2e2e2>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=8 height=30>Time To Live</TD>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=8>Protocol Number</TD>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16>Header Checksum</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#e2e2e2>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=32 height=30>32 bit Source Address</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#e2e2e2>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=32 height=30>32 bit Destination 
          Address</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#e2e2e2>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=32 height=40>Options (0 to 10 Words of 32 
              Bits)</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#ffffe0>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=32>
              <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>
                <TBODY>
                <TR bgColor=#ffffe0>
                  <TD align=middle height=20>&nbsp; </TD></TR>
                <TR bgColor=#e0ffff>
                  <TD vAlign=top align=middle height=60>IP 
                    Payload<BR>(including header of heigher protocol) 
                </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
        <P>
        <TABLE width=640 border=0>
          <TBODY>
          <TR>
            <TD align=left colSpan=2>&nbsp;<BR>The header of an IP packet 
              consists of 5 or more words of 32 bits (4 bytes) each.&nbsp; The 
              minimum header length (no options) is therefore 20 bytes.&nbsp; 
              The Version field for the shown type of packet is 4 = IPv4 
              (Internet Protocol version 4).&nbsp; The header Length field is 
              the header length in 32bit words, this would be 5 without options, 
              and at most 15 with options.&nbsp; The Total Length is in bytes 
              and includes the header.&nbsp; Data length can then be calculated 
              from the supplied values.<BR>&nbsp;
              <P></P></TD></TR>
          <TR>
            <TD align=left><B>TOS / DS / ECN</B>:&nbsp;&nbsp; This field has 
              had an unstable history.&nbsp; This is briefly explained in <A 
              href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2481.html">RFC2481</A>, section 
              19 (near the end).
              <P>Many sites are starting to implement Differentiated Services DS 
              [<A href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2474.html">RFC2474</A>] in 
              their routers. DS uses <EM>code-points</EM> which are stored in 
              bits 0 to 5 of the old TOS field. The content and meaning of this 
              field can change at network boundaries.
              <P></P></TD>
            <TD vAlign=top>
              <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1>
                <TBODY>
                <TR>
                  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
                  <TD align=middle width=20>0</TD>
                  <TD align=middle width=20>1</TD>
                  <TD align=middle width=20>2</TD>
                  <TD align=middle width=20>3</TD>
                  <TD align=middle width=20>4</TD>
                  <TD align=middle width=20>5</TD>
                  <TD align=middle width=20>6</TD>
                  <TD align=middle width=20>7</TD></TR>
                <TR>
                  <TD align=middle height=28>TOS</TD>
                  <TD align=middle bgColor=#c8c8c8 colSpan=3>Precedence</TD>
                  <TD align=middle bgColor=#c8c8c8 colSpan=4>Type</TD>
                  <TD align=middle bgColor=#c8c8c8>-</TD></TR>
                <TR>
                  <TD align=middle height=28>DS,ECN</TD>
                  <TD align=middle bgColor=#e2e2e2 colSpan=6>DS Codepoint</TD>
                  <TD align=middle bgColor=#ffffe0>ECT</TD>
                  <TD align=middle 
bgColor=#ffffe0>CE</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR>
          <TR>
            <TD align=left colSpan=2>If the host is ECN [<A 
              href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2481.html">RFC2481</A>] capable 
              and the payload is a TCP packet, then up to two flag bits will be 
              needed in the old TOS field. Bit 6 becomes the <B>ECT</B> 
              (ECN-capable Transport) flag, and Bit 7 becomes the <B>CE</B> 
              (Congestion Experienced) flag.
              <P>IP datagrams can be fragmented if the link layer cannot fit it 
              into a single link layer data unit. The fragment offset is 
              specified in units of <EM>8-bytes</EM>, thus allowing the 
              available 13 bits to cover the necessary values for up to 64K of 
              data.
              <P>IP packets usually carry a higher level protocol such as 
              TCP.&nbsp; In the case of TCP, the PROTO field would be set to 6 
              and the&nbsp; TCP <I>Protocol Data Unit</I> (PDU)&nbsp; is carried 
              in the IP Payload field of the packet.&nbsp; See below. 
          </P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE><A 
      name=TCPheader></A>&nbsp;<BR>
      <H4>TCP Header Format (as defined in <A 
      href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc793.html">RFC-793</A>): </H4>
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=640 border=1>
          <TBODY>
          <TR>
            <TD align=middle width=20>0</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>1</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>2</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>3</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>4</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>5</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>6</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>7</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>8</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>9</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>10</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>11</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>12</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>13</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>14</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>15</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>16</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>17</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>18</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>19</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>20</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>21</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>22</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>23</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>24</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>25</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>26</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>27</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>28</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>29</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>30</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>31</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#ffffe0>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16 height=30>Source Port</TD>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16>Destination Port</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#ffffe0>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=32 height=30>Sequence Number</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#ffffe0>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=32 height=30>Acknowledgement Number</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#ffffe0>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=4 height=30>Data<BR>Offset</TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle>-</TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle>-</TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle>-</TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle>-</TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle><IMG alt=CWR 
              src="ipchains Log Format.files/CWR.gif"></TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle><IMG alt=ECNE 
              src="ipchains Log Format.files/ECNE.gif"></TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle><IMG alt=URG 
              src="ipchains Log Format.files/URG.gif"></TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle><IMG alt=ACK 
              src="ipchains Log Format.files/ACK.gif"></TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle><IMG alt=PSH 
              src="ipchains Log Format.files/PSH.gif"></TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle><IMG alt=RST 
              src="ipchains Log Format.files/RST.gif"></TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle><IMG alt=SYN 
              src="ipchains Log Format.files/SYN.gif"></TD>
            <TD class=s8 align=middle><IMG alt=FIN 
              src="ipchains Log Format.files/FIN.gif"></TD>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16>Window</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#ffffe0>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16 height=30>Checksum</TD>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16 height=30>Urgent Pointer</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#ffffe0>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=32 height=40>Options (0 to 10 Words of 32 
              Bits)</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#e0ffff>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=32 height=60>TCP Payload 
        </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
        <P>
        <TABLE width=640 border=0>
          <TBODY>
          <TR>
            <TD align=left>&nbsp;<BR>The header of a TCP packet consists of 5 
              or more words of 32 bits (4 bytes) each.&nbsp; The minimum header 
              length (no options) is therefore 20 bytes.&nbsp; The <EM>Data 
              Offset</EM> field is the header length in 32bit words, this would 
              be 5 without options, and at most 15 with options.
              <P>Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) [<A 
              href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2481.html">RFC2481</A>] adds 2 
              new flags to the TCP header: <EM>Congestion Window Reduced</EM> 
              (CWR) and <EM>ECN-Echo</EM> (ECNE). ECN also requires 1 or 2 
              additional flags in the IP header.
              <P>Commonly, the TCP header will carry options related to 
              enhancements of the TCP protocol. Important options are Window 
              Scaling, Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) [<A 
              href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2018.html">RFC2018</A>, <A 
              href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2883.html">RFC2883</A>] and 
              Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) [<A 
              href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2481.html">RFC2481</A>].
              <P>TCP data payload length is the IP payload length minus the TCP 
              header length.
              <P>TCP packets usually carry an application level data stream, 
              f.e. HTTP, FTP, Telnet, SSH, etc.&nbsp; 
        </P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE><A 
      name=UDPheader></A>&nbsp;<BR>
      <H4>UDP Header format (as defined in <A 
      href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc768.html">RFC-768</A>): </H4>
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=640 border=1>
          <TBODY>
          <TR>
            <TD align=middle width=20>0</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>1</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>2</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>3</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>4</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>5</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>6</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>7</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>8</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>9</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>10</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>11</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>12</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>13</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>14</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>15</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>16</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>17</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>18</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>19</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>20</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>21</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>22</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>23</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>24</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>25</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>26</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>27</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>28</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>29</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>30</TD>
            <TD align=middle width=20>31</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#ffffe0>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16 height=30>Source Port</TD>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16>Destination Port</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#ffffe0>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16 height=30>Total Length</TD>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=16 height=30>Checksum (optional)</TD></TR>
          <TR bgColor=#e0ffff>
            <TD align=middle colSpan=32 height=60>UDP Payload 
        </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
        <P>
        <TABLE width=640 border=0>
          <TBODY>
          <TR>
            <TD align=left>&nbsp;<BR>The header of a UDP packet consists of 2 
              words of 32 bits (4 bytes) each.&nbsp; The header length is 
              therefore always 8 bytes.&nbsp; The <EM>Total Length</EM> field 
              includes the UDP header and is measured in bytes.
              <P>UDP packets usually carry an application level datagram as 
              their payload, f.e. DNS, NTP, NFS, etc.&nbsp; 
        </P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=640 border=0>
          <TBODY>
          <TR>
            <TD>
              <P>
              <HR width="100%">

              <P>All good books on TCP/IP explain the IP, TCP, UDP header 
              formats in detail.&nbsp; There are also various <A 
              href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc-index.html">RFC</A>s covering 
              different aspects of IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP and other protocols.&nbsp; 
              Another good starting point is <A 
              href="http://www.private.org.il/tcpip_rl.html">Uri's TCP/IP 
              Resources List</A>. <BR>&nbsp; 
    </P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=center align=middle bgColor=#597596 colSpan=2 height=50><A 
      class=White10>Copyright (c)2001</A><A class=White10 
      href="mailto:md-nf091@logi.cc">Manfred Bartz</A><A class=White10>, 
      Melbourne, Australia.</A> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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