📄 程序设计竞赛情况分析.htm
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</SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编译通不过的原因</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1．</SPAN><![endif]><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">定义有误</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">经常是变量、数组的数据类型定义不正确。如：</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要用字符串，须定义字符型数组；要用到若干个字符串，须定义二维字符数组，或辅之以指针数组。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要处理矩阵，须定义二维整型或实型数组，或辅之以指向一维数组的指针。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“房间”未开好，下面必然出错。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><![if !supportLists]><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">2．</SPAN><![endif]><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">不善于使用随机<SPAN
lang=EN-US>HELP</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编译报错，会指出第几行（之前），什么错误，调试者要据此信息找出差错，加以修正；有人很快找到差错<SPAN
lang=EN-US>,逐一修正,有人迟迟找不到差错,调试进程很慢。原因就在前者读懂或大体上读懂了编译的报错信息，而后者没有。另外，若此时按下F1，还能从随机HELP中获知该差错的进一步的相关信息。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><![if !supportLists]><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">3．</SPAN><![endif]><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">算法有误死循环<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">运行<SPAN
lang=EN-US>run命令，若发生死循环，会产生“黑屏”或“花屏”，使你读不到编译报错的信息。把if语句写成while语句便是典型例子。这时只好ctrl-break返回TC集成环境查找原因。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 28.45pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">三．编译通过，运行显然还不对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><![if !supportLists]><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">1．</SPAN><![endif]><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">输入输出格式有误<SPAN lang=EN-US>
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">int
a;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">scanf（“%d\n”，a）;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>便是常见错误。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><![if !supportLists]><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">2．</SPAN><![endif]><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">没有正确使用花括号<SPAN
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">for（i=0；i<n；i++）<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>{<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>for(j=0; j<m; j++)
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>printf(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">%d
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,
a[i][j]);<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>printf(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">\n</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>}</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不少同学会漏掉花括号。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><![if !supportLists]><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">3．</SPAN><![endif]><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">循环条件写错</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如对分法求方程的根<SPAN
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">do
{<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">……</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 28.45pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>} while（error>1.e-4）;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 28.45pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>不少人把 >
写成 < 。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><![if !supportLists]><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">4．</SPAN><![endif]><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">定义了体积较小的字符数组，却要在里面放一个超限的字符串。<SPAN
lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><![if !supportLists]><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">5．</SPAN><![endif]><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">不熟悉库函数的调用。<SPAN
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><![if !supportLists]><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">6．</SPAN><![endif]><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">算法的思想有误，那当然得不到预想的结果。这类错误可用单步运行观察变量值的变化来发现。比赛中仅极少数同学用此法来排错。<SPAN
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 28.45pt 0pt 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN></SPAN></P></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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