tset.1

早期freebsd实现

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.\"	@(#)tset.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
.\"
.Dd June 9, 1993
.Dt TSET 1
.Os BSD 4
.Sh NAME
.Nm tset
.Nd terminal initialization
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm tset
.Op Fl IQrSs
.Op Fl
.Op Fl e Ar ch
.Op Fl i Ar ch
.Op Fl k Ar ch
.Op Fl m Ar mapping
.Op Ar terminal
.br
.Nm reset
.Op Fl IQrSs
.Op Fl
.Op Fl e Ar ch
.Op Fl i Ar ch
.Op Fl k Ar ch
.Op Fl m Ar mapping
.Op Ar terminal
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Tset
initializes terminals.
.Nm Tset
first determines the type of terminal that you are using.
This determination is done as follows, using the first terminal type found.
.sp
.Bl -bullet -compact -offset indent
.It
The
.Ar terminal
argument specified on the command line.
.It
The value of the
.Ev TERM
environmental variable.
.It
The terminal type associated with the standard error output device in the
.Pa /etc/ttys
file.
.It
The default terminal type, ``unknown''.
.El
.Pp
If the terminal type was not specified on the command-line, the
.Fl m
option mappings are then applied (see below for more information).
Then, if the terminal type begins with a question mark (``?''), the user is
prompted for confirmation of the terminal type.
An empty response confirms the type, or, another type can be entered to
specify a new type.
Once the terminal type has been determined, the termcap entry for the terminal
is retrieved.
If no termcap entry is found for the type, the user is prompted for another
terminal type.
.Pp
Once the termcap entry is retrieved, the window size, backspace, interrupt
and line kill characters (among many other things) are set and the terminal
and tab initialization strings are sent to the standard error output.
Finally, if the erase, interrupt and line kill characters have changed,
or are not set to their default values, their values are displayed to the
standard error output.
.Pp
When invoked as
.Nm reset ,
.Nm tset
sets cooked and echo modes, turns off cbreak and raw modes, turns on
newline translation and resets any unset special characters to their
default values before doing the terminal initialization described above.
This is useful after a program dies leaving a terminal in a abnormal state.
Note, you may have to type
.Dq Li <LF>reset<LF>
(the line-feed character is normally control-J) to get the terminal
to work, as carriage-return may no longer work in the abnormal state.
Also, the terminal will often not echo the command.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width flag
.It Fl
The terminal type is displayed to the standard output, and the terminal is
not initialized in any way.
.It Fl e
Set the erase character to
.Ar ch .
.It Fl I
Do not send the terminal or tab initialization strings to the terminal.
.It Fl i
Set the interrupt character to
.Ar ch .
.It Fl k
Set the line kill character to
.Ar ch .
.It Fl m
Specify a mapping from a port type to a terminal.
See below for more information.
.It Fl Q
Don't display any values for the erase, interrupt and line kill characters.
.It Fl r
Print the terminal type to the standard error output.
.It Fl S
Print the terminal type and the termcap entry to the standard output.
See the section below on setting the environment for details.
.It Fl s
Print the sequence of shell commands to initialize the environment variables
.Ev TERM
and
.Ev TERMCAP
to the standard output.
See the section below on setting the environment for details.
.El
.Pp
The arguments for the
.Fl e ,
.Fl i
and
.Fl k
options may either be entered as actual characters or by using the
.Dq hat
notation, i.e. control-h may be specified as
.Dq Li ^H
or
.Dq Li ^h .
.Sh SETTING THE ENVIRONMENT
It is often desirable to enter the terminal type and information about
the terminal's capabilities into the shell's environment.
This is done using the
.Fl S
and
.Fl s
options.
.Pp
When the
.Fl S
option is specified, the terminal type and the termcap entry are written
to the standard output, separated by a space and without a terminating
newline.
This can be assigned to an array by
.Nm csh
and
.Nm ksh
users and then used like any other shell array.
.Pp
When the
.Fl s
option is specified, the commands to enter the information into the
shell's environment are written to the standard output.
If the
.Ev SHELL
environmental variable ends in ``csh'', the commands are for the
.Nm csh ,
otherwise, they are for
.Xr sh .
Note, the
.Nm csh
commands set and unset the shell variable
.Dq noglob ,
leaving it unset.
The following line in the
.Pa .login
or
.Pa .profile
files will initialize the environment correctly:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
eval \`tset -s options ... \`
.Ed
.Pp
To demonstrate a simple use of the
.Fl S
option, the following lines in the
.Pa .login
file have an equivalent effect:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
set noglob
set term=(`tset -S options ...`)
setenv TERM $term[1]
setenv TERMCAP "$term[2]"
unset term
unset noglob
.Ed
.Sh TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING
When the terminal is not hardwired into the system (or the current system
information is incorrect) the terminal type derived from the
.Pa /etc/ttys
file or the
.Ev TERM
environmental variable is often something generic like
.Dq network ,
.Dq dialup ,
or
.Dq unknown .
When
.Nm tset
is used in a startup script
.Pf ( Pa .profile
for
.Xr sh 1
users or
.Pa .login
for
.Xr csh 1
users) it is often desirable to provide information about the type of
terminal used on such ports.
The purpose of the
.Fl m
option is to
.Dq map
from some set of conditions to a terminal type, that is, to
tell
.Nm tset
``If I'm on this port at a particular speed, guess that I'm on that
kind of terminal''.
.Pp
The argument to the
.Fl m
option consists of an optional port type, an optional operator, an optional
baud rate specification, an optional colon (``:'') character and a terminal
type.
The port type is a string (delimited by either the operator or the colon
character).
The operator may be any combination of:
.Dq Li \&> ,
.Dq Li \&< ,
.Dq Li \&@ ,
and
.Dq Li \&! ;
.Dq Li \&>
means greater than,
.Dq Li \&<
means less than,
.Dq Li \&@
means equal to
and
.Dq Li \&!
inverts the sense of the test.
The baud rate is specified as a number and is compared with the speed
of the standard error output (which should be the control terminal).
The terminal type is a string.
.Pp
If the terminal type is not specified on the command line, the
.Fl m
mappings are applied to the terminal type.
If the port type and baud rate match the mapping, the terminal type specified
in the mapping replaces the current type.
If more than one mapping is specified, the first applicable mapping is used.
.Pp
For example, consider the following mapping:
.Dq Li dialup>9600:vt100 .
The port type is
.Dq Li dialup ,
the operator is
.Dq Li > ,
the baud rate specification is
.Dq Li 9600 ,
and the terminal type is
.Dq Li vt100 .
The result of this mapping is to specify that if the terminal type is
.Dq Li dialup ,
and the baud rate is greater than 9600 baud, a terminal type of
.Dq Li vt100
will be used.
.Pp
If no port type is specified, the terminal type will match any port type,
for example,
.Dq Li -m dialup:vt100 -m :?xterm
will cause any dialup port, regardless of baud rate, to match the terminal
type
.Dq Li vt100 ,
and any non-dialup port type to match the terminal type
.Dq Li ?xterm .
Note, because of the leading question mark, the user will be
queried on a default port as to whether they are actually using an
.Ar xterm
terminal.
.Pp
No whitespace characters are permitted in the
.Fl m
option argument.
Also, to avoid problems with metacharacters, it is suggested that the entire
.Fl m
option argument be placed within single quote characters, and that
.Nm csh
users insert a backslash character (``\e'') before any exclamation
marks (``!'').
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
The
.Nm tset
command utilizes the
.Ev SHELL
and
.Ev TERM
environment variables.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /usr/share/misc/termcap -compact
.It Pa /etc/ttys
system port name to terminal type mapping database
.It Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap
terminal capability database
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr csh 1 ,
.Xr sh 1 ,
.Xr stty 1 ,
.Xr tty 4 ,
.Xr termcap 5 ,
.Xr ttys 5 ,
.Xr environ 7
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm tset
command appeared in
.Bx 3.0 .
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
The
.Fl A ,
.Fl E ,
.Fl h ,
.Fl u
and
.Fl v
options have been deleted from the
.Nm tset
utility.
None of them were documented in 4.3BSD and all are of limited utility at
best.
The
.Fl a ,
.Fl d
and
.Fl p
options are similarly not documented or useful, but were retained as they
appear to be in widespread use.
It is strongly recommended that any usage of these three options be
changed to use the
.Fl m
option instead.
The
.Fl n
option remains, but has no effect.
It is still permissible to specify the
.Fl e ,
.Fl i
and
.Fl k
options without arguments, although it is strongly recommended that such
usage be fixed to explicitly specify the character.
.Pp
Executing
.Nm tset
as
.Nm reset
no longer implies the
.Fl Q
option.
Also, the interaction between the
.Fl
option and the
.Ar terminal
argument in some historic implementations of
.Nm tset
has been removed.
.Pp
Finally, the
.Nm tset
implementation has been completely redone (as part of the addition to the
system of a
.St -p1003.1-88
compliant terminal interface) and will no longer compile on systems with
older terminal interfaces.