mail5.nr

早期freebsd实现

command goes to the next message and types it.  If given a message list,
.b next
goes to the first such message and types it.  Thus,
.(l
next root
.)l
goes to the next message sent by
.q root
and types it.  The
.b next
command can be abbreviated to simply a newline, which means that one
can go to and type a message by simply giving its message number or
one of the magic characters
.q "^"
.q "."
or
.q "$".
Thus,
.(l
\&.
.)l
prints the current message and
.(l
4
.)l
prints message 4, as described previously.
\fBNext\fP can be abbreviated to \fBn\fP.
.ip "\fBpreserve\fP\ \ "
Same as
.b hold .
Cause a list of messages to be held in your system mailbox when you quit.
\fBPreserve\fP can be abbreviated to \fBpre\fP.
.ip "\fBprint\fP\ \ "
Print the specified messages. If the
.b crt
variable is set, messages longer than the number of lines it indicates
are paged through the command specified by the \fBPAGER\fP variable.
The \fBprint\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBp\fP.
.ip "\fBquit\fP\ \ "
Terminates the session, saving all undeleted, unsaved and unwritten messages 
in the user's \fImbox\fP file in their login directory
(messages marked as having been read), preserving all
messages marked with \fBhold\fP or \fBpreserve\fP or never referenced
in their system mailbox.
Any messages that were deleted, saved, written or saved to \fImbox\fP are
removed from their system mailbox.
If new mail has arrived during the session, the message
``You have new mail'' is given.  If given while editing a mailbox file
with the \fB\-f\fP flag, then the edit file is rewritten.
A return to the Shell is effected, unless the rewrite of edit file fails,
in which case the user can escape with the \fBexit\fP command.
\fBQuit\fP can be abbreviated to \fBq\fP.
.ip "\fBreply\fP or \fBrespond\fP\ \ "
Frame a reply to a single message.
The reply will be sent to the
person who sent you the message (to which you are replying), plus all
the people who received the original message, except you.  You can
add people using the \fB~t\fP, \fB~c\fP and \fB~b\fP
tilde escapes.  The subject in your reply is formed by prefacing the
subject in the original message with
.q "Re:"
unless it already began thus.
If the original message included a
.q "reply-to"
header field, the reply will go
.i only
to the recipient named by
.q "reply-to."
You type in your message using the same conventions available to you
through the
.b mail
command.
The \fBreply\fP (and \fBrespond\fP) command can be abbreviated to \fBr\fP.
.ip "\fBretain\fP\ \ "
Add the list of header fields named to the \fIretained list\fP.
Only the header fields in the retain list
are shown on your terminal when you print a message.
All other header fields are suppressed.
The
.b Type
and
.b Print
commands can be used to print a message in its entirety.
If
.b retain
is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of
retained fields.
.ip "\fBsave\fP\ \ "
It is often useful to be able to save messages on related topics
in a file.  The
.b save
command gives you the ability to do this.  The
.b save
command takes as an argument a list of message numbers, followed by
the name of the file in which to save the messages.  The messages
are appended to the named file, thus allowing one to keep several
messages in the file, stored in the order they were put there.
The filename in quotes, followed by the line
count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal.
An example of the
.b save
command relative to our running example is:
.(l
s 1 2 tuitionmail
.)l
.b Saved
messages are not automatically saved in
.i mbox
at quit time, nor are they selected by the
.b next
command described above, unless explicitly specified.
\fBSave\fP can be abbreviated to \fBs\fP.
.ip "\fBset\fP\ \ "
Set an option or give an option a value.  Used to customize
.i Mail .
Section 5.3 contains a list of the options.  Options can be
.i binary ,
in which case they are
.i on
or
.i off ,
or
.i valued .
To set a binary option
.i option
.i on ,
do
.(l
set option
.)l
To give the valued option
.i option
the value
.i value ,
do
.(l
set option=value
.)l
There must be no space before or after the ``='' sign.
If no arguments are given, all variable values are printed.
Several options can be specified in a single
.b set
command.
\fBSet\fP can be abbreviated to \fBse\fP.
.ip "\fBshell\fP\ \ "
The
.b shell
command allows you to
escape to the shell.
.b Shell
invokes an interactive shell and allows you to type commands to it.
When you leave the shell, you will return to
.i Mail .
The shell used is a default assumed by
.i Mail ;
you can override this default by setting the valued option
.q SHELL,
eg:
.(l
set SHELL=/bin/csh
.)l
\fBShell\fP can be abbreviated to \fBsh\fP.
.ip "\fBsize\fP\ \ "
Takes a message list and prints out the size in characters of each
message.
.ip "\fBsource\fP\ \ "
The
.b source
command reads
.i mail
commands from a file.  It is useful when you are trying to fix your
.q .mailrc
file and you need to re-read it.
\fBSource\fP can be abbreviated to \fBso\fP.
.ip "\fBtop\fP\ \ "
The
.b top
command takes a message list and prints the first five lines
of each addressed message.
If you wish, you can change the number of lines that
.b top
prints out by setting the valued option
.q "toplines."
On a CRT terminal,
.(l
set toplines=10
.)l
might be preferred.
\fBTop\fP can be abbreviated to \fBto\fP.
.ip "\fBtype\fP\ \ "
Same as \fBprint\fP.
Takes a message list and types out each message on the terminal.
The \fBtype\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBt\fP.
.ip "\fBundelete\fP \ \"
Takes a message list and marks each message as \fInot\fP
being deleted.
\fBUndelete\fP can be abbreviated to \fBu\fP.
.ip "\fBunread\fP\ \ "
Takes a message list and marks each message as
.i not
having been read.
\fBUnread\fP can be abbreviated to \fBU\fP.
.ip "\fBunset\fP\ \ "
Takes a list of option names and discards their remembered values;
the inverse of \fBset\fP .
.ip "\fBvisual\fP\ \ "
It is often useful to be able to invoke one of two editors,
based on the type of terminal one is using.  To invoke
a display oriented editor, you can use the
.b visual
command.  The operation of the
.b visual
command is otherwise identical to that of the
.b edit
command.
.ne 2v+\n(psu
.sp \n(psu
Both the
.b edit
and
.b visual
commands assume some default text editors.  These default editors
can be overridden by the valued options
.q EDITOR
and
.q VISUAL
for the standard and screen editors.  You might want to do:
.(l
set EDITOR=/usr/ucb/ex VISUAL=/usr/ucb/vi
.)l
\fBVisual\fP can be abbreviated to \fBv\fP.
.ip "\fBwrite\fP\ \ "
The
.b save
command always writes the entire message, including the headers,
into the file.  If you want to write just the message itself, you
can use the
.b write
command.  The
.b write
command has the same syntax as the
.b save
command, and can be abbreviated to simply
.b w .
Thus, we could write the second message by doing:
.(l
w 2 file.c
.)l
As suggested by this example, the
.b write
command is useful for such tasks as sending and receiving
source program text over the message system.
The filename in quotes, followed by the line
count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal.
.ip "\fBz\fP\ \ "
.i Mail
presents message headers in windowfuls as described under
the
.b headers
command.
You can move
.i Mail's
attention forward to the next window by giving the
.(l
z+
.)l
command.  Analogously, you can move to the previous window with:
.(l
z\-
.)l
.sh 2 "Custom options"
.pp
Throughout this manual, we have seen examples of binary and valued options.
This section describes each of the options in alphabetical order, including
some that you have not seen yet.
To avoid confusion, please note that the options are either
all lower case letters or all upper case letters.  When I start a sentence
such as:
.q "Ask"
causes
.i Mail
to prompt you for a subject header,
I am only capitalizing
.q ask
as a courtesy to English.
.ip "\fBEDITOR\fP\ \ "
The valued option
.q EDITOR
defines the pathname of the text editor to be used in the
.b edit
command and ~e.  If not defined, a standard editor is used.
.ip "\fBPAGER\fP\ \ "
Pathname of the program to use for paginating output when
it exceeds \fIcrt\fP lines.
A default paginator is used if this option is not defined.
.ip "\fBSHELL\fP\ \ "
The valued option
.q SHELL
gives the path name of your shell.  This shell is used for the
.b !
command and ~! escape.  In addition, this shell expands
file names with shell metacharacters like * and ? in them.
.ip "\fBVISUAL\fP\ \ "
The valued option
.q VISUAL
defines the pathname of the screen editor to be used in the
.b visual
command
and ~v escape.  A standard screen editor is used if you do not define one.
.ip "\fBappend\fP\ \ "
The
.q append
option is binary and
causes messages saved in
.i mbox
to be appended to the end rather than prepended.
Normally, \fIMail\fP will put messages in \fImbox\fP
in the same order that the system puts messages in your system mailbox.
By setting
.q append,
you are requesting that
.i mbox
be appended to regardless.  It is in any event quicker to append.
.ip "\fBask\fP\ \ "
.q "Ask"
is a binary option which
causes
.i Mail
to prompt you for the subject of each message you send.
If you respond with simply a newline, no subject field will be sent.
.ip "\fBaskcc\fP\ \ "
.q Askcc
is a binary option which
causes you to be prompted for additional carbon copy recipients at the
end of each message.  Responding with a newline shows your
satisfaction with the current list.
.ip "\fBautoprint\fP\ \ "
.q Autoprint
is a binary option which
causes the
.b delete
command to behave like
.b dp
\*- thus, after deleting a message, the next one will be typed
automatically.  This is useful when quickly scanning and deleting
messages in your mailbox.
.ip "\fBcrt\fP \ \ "
The valued option
.I crt
is used as a threshold to determine how long a message must
be before
.b PAGER
is used to read it.
.ip "\fBdebug\fP \ \ "
The binary option
.q debug
causes debugging information to be displayed. Use of this
option is the same as using the \fB\-d\fP command line flag.
.ip "\fBdot\fP\ \ "
.q Dot
is a binary option which, if set, causes
.i Mail
to interpret a period alone on a line as the terminator
of the message you are sending.
.ip "\fBescape\fP\ \ "
To allow you to change the escape character used when sending
mail, you can set the valued option
.q escape.
Only the first character of the
.q escape
option is used, and it must be doubled if it is to appear as
the first character of a line of your message.  If you change your escape
character, then ~ loses all its special meaning, and need no longer be doubled
at the beginning of a line.
.ip "\fBfolder\fP\ \ "
The name of the directory to use for storing folders of messages.
If this name begins with a `/'
.i Mail
considers it to be an absolute pathname; otherwise, the folder directory
is found relative to your home directory.
.ip "\fBhold\fP\ \ "
The binary option
.q hold
causes messages that have been read but not manually dealt with
to be held in the system mailbox. This prevents such messages from
being automatically swept into your \fImbox\fP file.
.ip "\fBignore\fP\ \ "
The binary option
.q ignore
causes \s-2RUBOUT\s0 characters from your terminal to be ignored and echoed
as @'s while you are sending mail.  \s-2RUBOUT\s0 characters retain their
original meaning in
.i Mail
command mode.
Setting the
.q ignore
option is equivalent to supplying the
.b \-i
flag on the command line as described in section 6.
.ip "\fBignoreeof\fP\ \ "
An option related to
.q dot
is
.q ignoreeof
which makes
.i Mail
refuse to accept a control\-d as the end of a message.
.q Ignoreeof
also applies to
.i Mail
command mode.
.ip "\fBkeep\fP\ \ "
The
.q keep
option causes
.i Mail
to truncate your system mailbox instead of deleting it when it
is empty.  This is useful if you elect to protect your mailbox, which
you would do with the shell command:
.(l
chmod 600 /usr/spool/mail/yourname
.)l
where
.i yourname
is your login name.  If you do not do this, anyone can probably read
your mail, although people usually don't.
.ip "\fBkeepsave\fP\ \ "
When you
.b save
a message,
.i Mail
usually discards it when you
.b quit .
To retain all saved messages, set the
.q keepsave
option.
.ip "\fBmetoo\fP\ \ "
When sending mail to an alias,
.i Mail
makes sure that if you are included in the alias, that mail will not
be sent to you.  This is useful if a single alias is being used by
all members of the group.  If however, you wish to receive a copy of
all the messages you send to the alias, you can set the binary option
.q metoo.
.ip "\fBnoheader\fP\ \ "
The binary option
.q noheader
suppresses the printing of the version and headers when
.i Mail
is first invoked. Setting this option is the same as using
.b \-N
on the command line.
.ip "\fBnosave\fP\ \ "
Normally,
when you abort a message with two \s-2RUBOUTs\s0,
.i Mail
copies the partial letter to the file
.q dead.letter
in your home directory.  Setting the binary option
.q nosave
prevents this.
.ip "\fBReplyall\fP\ \ "
Reverses the sense of
.i reply
and
.i Reply
commands.
.ip "\fBquiet\fP\ \ "
The binary option
.q quiet
suppresses the printing of the version when
.i Mail
is first invoked,
as well as printing the for example
.q "Message 4:"
from the
.b type
command.
.ip "\fBrecord\fP\ \ "
If you love to keep records, then the
valued option
.q record
can be set to the name of a file to save your outgoing mail.
Each new message you send is appended to the end of the file.
.ip "\fBscreen\fP\ \ "
When
.i Mail
initially prints the message headers, it determines the number to
print by looking at the speed of your terminal.  The faster your
terminal, the more it prints.
The valued option
.q screen
overrides this calculation and
specifies how many message headers you want printed.
This number is also used for scrolling with the
.b z
command.
.ip "\fBsendmail\fP\ \ "
To use an alternate mail delivery system, set the
.q sendmail
option to the full pathname of the program to use.  Note:  this is not
for everyone!  Most people should use the default delivery system.
.ip "\fBtoplines\fP\ \ "
The valued option
.q toplines
defines the number of lines that the
.q top
command will print out instead of the default five lines.
.ip "\fBverbose\fP\ \ "
The binary option "verbose" causes
.i Mail
to invoke sendmail with the 
.b \-v
flag, which causes it to go into verbose mode and announce expansion
of aliases, etc. Setting the "verbose" option is equivalent to
invoking
.i Mail
with the
.b \-v
flag as described in section 6.