mail5.nr

早期freebsd实现

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.\"	@(#)mail5.nr	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
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.bp
.sh 1 "Additional features"
.pp
This section describes some additional commands useful for
reading your mail, setting options, and handling lists of messages.
.sh 2 "Message lists"
.pp
Several
.i Mail
commands accept a list of messages as an argument.
Along with
.b type
and
.b delete ,
described in section 2,
there is the
.b from
command, which prints the message headers associated with the
message list passed to it.
The
.b from
command is particularly useful in conjunction with some of the
message list features described below.
.pp
A
.i "message list"
consists of a list of message numbers, ranges, and names,
separated by spaces or tabs.  Message numbers may be either
decimal numbers, which directly specify messages, or one of the
special characters
.q \(ua
.q "."
or
.q "$"
to specify the first relevant, current, or last
relevant message, respectively.
.i Relevant
here means, for most commands
.q "not deleted"
and
.q "deleted"
for the
.b undelete
command.
.pp
A range of messages consists of two message numbers (of the form
described in the previous paragraph) separated by a dash.
Thus, to print the first four messages, use
.(l
type 1\-4
.)l
and to print all the messages from the current message to the last
message, use
.(l
type .\-$
.)l
.pp
A
.i name
is a user name.  The user names given in the message list are
collected together and each message selected by other means
is checked to make sure it was sent by one of the named users.
If the message consists entirely of user names, then every
message sent by one of those users that is
.i relevant
(in the sense described earlier)
is selected.  Thus, to print every message sent to you by
.q root,
do
.(l
type root
.)l
.pp
As a shorthand notation, you can specify simply
.q *
to get every
.i relevant
(same sense)
message.  Thus,
.(l
type *
.)l
prints all undeleted messages,
.(l
delete *
.)l
deletes all undeleted messages, and
.(l
undelete *
.)l
undeletes all deleted messages.
.pp
You can search for the presence of a word in subject lines with
.b / .
For example, to print the headers of all messages that contain the
word
.q PASCAL,
do:
.(l
from /pascal
.)l
Note that subject searching ignores upper/lower case differences.
.sh 2 "List of commands"
.pp
This section describes all the
.i Mail
commands available when
receiving mail.
.ip "\fB\-\fP\ \ "
The
.rb \-
command goes to the previous message and prints it.  The
.rb \-
command may be given a decimal number
.i n
as an argument, in which case the
.i n th
previous message is gone to and printed.
.ip "\fB?\fP\ \ "
Prints a brief summary of commands.
.ip "\fB!\fP\ \ "
Used to preface a command to be executed by the shell.
.ip "\fBPrint\fP\ \ "
Like
.b print ,
but also print out ignored header fields.  See also
\fBprint\fP, \fBignore\fP and \fBretain\fP.
\fBPrint\fP can be abbreviated to \fBP\fP.
.ip "\fBReply\fP or \fBRespond\fP\ \ "
Note the capital \fBR\fP in the name.
Frame a reply to a one or more messages.
The reply (or replies if you are using this on multiple messages)
will be sent ONLY to the person who sent you the message
(respectively, the set of people who sent the messages you are
replying to).
You can
add people using the \fB~t\fP, \fB~c\fP and \fB~b\fP
tilde escapes.  The subject in your reply is formed by prefacing the
subject in the original message with
.q "Re:"
unless it already began thus.
If the original message included a
.q "reply-to"
header field, the reply will go
.i only
to the recipient named by
.q "reply-to."
You type in your message using the same conventions available to you
through the
.b mail
command.
The
.b Reply
command is especially useful for replying to messages that were sent
to enormous distribution groups when you really just want to
send a message to the originator.  Use it often.
\fBReply\fP (and \fBRespond\fP) can be abbreviated to \fBR\fP.
.ip "\fBType\fP\ \ "
Identical to the
.b Print
command.
\fBType\fP can be abbreviated to \fBT\fP.
.ip "\fBalias\fP\ \ "
Define a name to stand for a set of other names.
This is used when you want to send messages to a certain
group of people and want to avoid retyping their names.
For example
.(l
alias project john sue willie kathryn
.)l
creates an alias
.i project
which expands to the four people John, Sue, Willie, and Kathryn.
If no arguments are given, all currently-defined aliases are printed.
If one argument is given, that alias is printed (if it exists).
\fBAlias\fP can be abbreviated to \fBa\fP.
.ip "\fBalternates\fP\ \ "
If you have accounts on several machines, you may find it convenient
to use the /usr/lib/aliases on all the machines except one to direct
your mail to a single account.
The
.b alternates
command is used to inform
.i Mail
that each of these other addresses is really
.i you .
.i Alternates
takes a list of user names and remembers that they are all actually you.
When you
.b reply
to messages that were sent to one of these alternate names,
.i Mail
will not bother to send a copy of the message to this other address (which
would simply be directed back to you by the alias mechanism).
If
.i alternates
is given no argument, it lists the current set of alternate names.
.b Alternates
is usually used in the .mailrc file.
\fBAlternates\fP can be abbreviated to \fBalt\fP.
.ip "\fBchdir\fP\ \ "
The
.b chdir
command allows you to change your current directory.
.b Chdir
takes a single argument, which is taken to be the pathname of
the directory to change to.  If no argument is given,
.b chdir
changes to your home directory.
\fBChdir\fP can be abbreviated to \fBc\fP.
.ip "\fBcopy\fP\ \ "
The
.b copy
command does the same thing that
.b save
does, except that it does not mark the messages it is used on
for deletion when you quit.
\fBCopy\fP can be abbreviated to \fBco\fP.
.ip "\fBdelete\fP\ \ "
Deletes a list of messages.  Deleted messages can be reclaimed
with the
.b undelete
command.
\fBDelete\fP can be abbreviated to \fBd\fP.
.ip "\fBdp\fP or \fBdt\fP\ \ "
These
commands delete the current message and print the next message.
They are useful for quickly reading and disposing of mail.
If there is no next message, \fImail\fP says ``at EOF.''
.ip "\fBedit\fP\ \ "
To edit individual messages using the text editor, the
.b edit
command is provided.  The
.b edit
command takes a list of messages as described under the
.b type
command and processes each by writing it into the file
Message\c
.i x
where
.i x
is the message number being edited and executing the text editor on it.
When you have edited the message to your satisfaction, write the message
out and quit, upon which
.i Mail
will read the message back and remove the file.
.b Edit
can be abbreviated to
.b e .
.ip "\fBelse\fP\ \ "
Marks the end of the then-part of an
.b if
statement and the beginning of the
part to take effect if the condition of the
.b if
statement is false.
.ip "\fBendif\fP\ \ "
Marks the end of an
.b if
statement.
.ip "\fBexit\fP or \fBxit\fP\ \ "
Leave
.i Mail
without updating the system mailbox or the file your were reading.
Thus, if you accidentally delete several messages, you can use
.b exit
to avoid scrambling your mailbox.
\fBExit\fP can be abbreviated to \fBex\fP or \fBx\fP.
.ip "\fBfile\fP\ \ "
The same as
.b folder .
\fBFile\fP can be abbreviated to \fBfi\fP.
.ip "\fBfolders\fP\ \ "
List the names of the folders in your folder directory.
.ip "\fBfolder\fP\ \ "
The
.b folder
command switches to a new mail file or folder.  With no arguments, it
tells you which file you are currently reading.  If you give
it an argument, it will write out changes (such as deletions)
you have made in the current file and read the new file.
Some special conventions are recognized for the name:
.(b
.TS
center;
c c
l a.
Name	Meaning
_
#	Previous file read
%	Your system mailbox
%name	\fIName\fP's system mailbox
&	Your ~/mbox file
+folder	A file in your folder directory
.TE
.)b
\fBFolder\fP can be abbreviated to \fBfo\fP.
.ip "\fBfrom\fP\ \ "
The
.b from
command takes a list of messages and prints out the header lines for each one;
hence
.(l
from joe
.)l
is the easy way to display all the message headers from \*(lqjoe.\*(rq
\fBFrom\fP can be abbreviated to \fBf\fP.
.ip "\fBheaders\fP\ \ "
When you start up
.i Mail
to read your mail, it lists the message headers that you have.
These headers tell you who each message is from, when they were
received, how many lines and characters each message is, and the
.q "Subject:"
header field of each message, if present.  In addition,
.i Mail
tags the message header of each message that has been the object
of the
.b preserve
command with a
.q P.
Messages that have been
.b saved
or
.b written
are flagged with a
.q *.
Finally,
.b deleted
messages are not printed at all.  If you wish to reprint the current
list of message headers, you can do so with the
.b headers
command.  The
.b headers
command (and thus the initial header listing)
only lists the first so many message headers.
The number of headers listed depends on the speed of your
terminal.
This can be overridden by specifying the number of headers you
want with the
.i window
option.
.i Mail
maintains a notion of the current
.q window
into your messages for the purposes of printing headers.
Use the
.b z
command to move forward and back a window.
You can move
.i Mail's
notion of the current window directly to a particular message by
using, for example,
.(l
headers 40
.)l
to move
.i Mail's
attention to the messages around message 40.
If a ``+'' argument is given, then the next screenful of message headers is
printed, and if a ``\-'' argument is given, the previous screenful of message
headers is printed.
\fBHeaders\fP can be abbreviated to \fBh\fP.
.ip "\fBhelp\fP\ \ "
Print a brief and usually out of date help message about the commands
in
.i Mail .
The 
.i man
page for 
.i mail
is usually more up-to-date than either the help message or this manual.
It is also a synonym for \fB?\fP.
.ip "\fBhold\fP\ \ "
Arrange to hold a list of messages in the system mailbox, instead
of moving them to the file
.i mbox
in your home directory.  If you set the binary option
.i hold ,
this will happen by default.
It does not override the \fBdelete\fP command.
\fBHold\fP can be abbreviated to \fBho\fP.
.ip "\fBif\fP\ \ "
Commands in your
.q .mailrc
file can be executed conditionally depending on whether you are
sending or receiving mail with the
.b if
command.  For example, you can do:
.(l
if receive
	\fIcommands\fP...
endif
.)l
An
.b else
form is also available:
.(l
if send
	\fIcommands\fP...
else
	\fIcommands\fP...
endif
.)l
Note that the only allowed conditions are
.b receive
and
.b send .
.ip "\fBignore\fP \ \ "
.b N.B.:
.i Ignore
has been superseded by
.i retain.
.br
Add the list of header fields named to the
.i "ignore list" .
Header fields in the ignore list are not printed on your
terminal when you print a message.  This allows you to suppress
printing of certain machine-generated header fields, such as
.i Via
which are not usually of interest.  The
.b Type
and
.b Print
commands can be used to print a message in its entirety, including
ignored fields.
If
.b ignore
is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of ignored fields.
.ip "\fBlist\fP\ \ "
List the valid
.i Mail
commands.
\fBList\fP can be abbreviated to \fBl\fP.
.. .ip \fBlocal\fP
.. Define a list of local names for this host. This command is useful
.. when the host is known by more than one name. Names in the list
.. may be qualified be the domain of the host. The first name on the local
.. list is the
.. .i distinguished
.. name of the host.
.. The names on the local list are used by
.. .i Mail
.. to decide which addresses are local to the host.
.. For example:
.. .(l
.. local ucbarpa.BERKELEY.ARPA arpa.BERKELEY.ARPA \\
.. 	arpavax.BERKELEY.ARPA r.BERKELEY.ARPA \\
.. 	ucb-arpa.ARPA
.. .)l
.. From this list we see that
.. .i "[e-mail]",
.. .i "[e-mail]",
.. and
.. .i "larry@r"
.. are all addresses of users on the local host.
.. The
.. .b local
.. command is usually not used be general users since it is designed for
.. local configuration; it is usually found in the file /usr/lib/Mail.rc.
.ip "\fBmail\fP\ \ "
Send mail to one or more people.  If you have the
.i ask
option set,
.i Mail
will prompt you for a subject to your message.  Then you
can type in your message, using tilde escapes as described in
section 4 to edit, print, or modify your message.  To signal your
satisfaction with the message and send it, type control-d at the
beginning of a line, or a . alone on a line if you set the option
.i dot .
To abort the message, type two interrupt characters (\s-2RUBOUT\s0
by default) in a row or use the
.b ~q
escape.
The \fBmail\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBm\fP.
.ip "\fBmbox\fP\ \ "
Indicate that a list of messages be sent to
.i mbox
in your home directory when you quit.  This is the default
action for messages if you do
.i not
have the
.i hold
option set.
.ip "\fBnext\fP or \fB+\fP\ \ "
The
.b next