beginners.tex

早期freebsd实现

tackle the following\dots

\subsection{Folders}

Folders are really just directories for storing mail messages in an
organized way.   To store a message in a folder named
``inbox'', type:

\oneline{\% refile 5 +inventory}

If the folder doesn't exist yet, you will be asked if it should be created.
To access messages in another folder, you can change your current
folder from ``inbox'' to something else.  If you want to look at all
the messages pertaining to the inventory, you type:

\oneline{\% folder +inventory}

and now you use {\it scan,} {\it show,} etc., to manipulate the messages
in that folder.
To change back to inbox, type:

\oneline{\% folder +inbox}

Using the {\it inc\/} command will change your current folder to be the
``inbox'' automatically.
	
\section{Mailing files}

Mailing files is usually not a good idea, especially for large files.  
The mail system was never designed for moving big files. You
can use the {\it cp\/} file to move the file to another account much more
efficiently:

\oneline{\% cp \char`\~frated/desired-file \char`\~./newfile}

This will copy the file from frated's account to the current directory and
call it ``newfile''. 

You can also copy files across the network using {\it rcp\/}:

\oneline{\% rcp icsd:frated/desired-file ./newfile}

This copies frated's file on the system icsd to the current directory.

If you {\it really\/} have to mail a file, you use the {\it mhmail\/} program.
To mail a file ``myfile'' to another user ``frated'', with ``MyFile'' as
the subject type:

\oneline{\% mhmail frated -subject MyFile < myfile}


\section{Searching for messages}

The {\it pick\/} program allows you to search your inbox (or any other)
folder to find messages which contain a certain word.  If you want to 
list all messages from Smith you can type:

\oneline{\% pick -from smith -list}

and it will list the numbers of all messages from Smith that are in the
current folder.  You can {\it pick\/} messages according to any of the
headers ({\tt -to -from -subj -cc {\rm or} -date}) or just search all the
messages for a given word ({\tt -search}).

\section{The MH Profile}

Each \MH/ user has a file in his directory called \verb|.mh_profile|.  This
file contains a list of user-specified default options for \MH/ programs.
The only required
entry is the name of your \MH/
directory:

\oneline{Path: Mail}
or
\oneline{Path: mhbox}

To make a change to your \verb|.mh_profile|, you edit the file and add a
line for the applicable program.  For example, if you would like to use {\it
vi\/} instead of {\it prompter\/} as your initial editor when composing
messages, you would add this line to your \verb|.mh_profile|:

\oneline{comp: -editor vi}

or, if you want to have a format file for {\it scan\/} to use, you should
have:

\oneline{scan: -form {\it formatfile}}

Almost all of the \MH/ programs have options that can be set using the
\verb|.mh_profile|. You should consult the {\sl MH User's Manual\/}
for more information about this.

Many people will want to add a signature line to their \verb|.mh_profile|.
This line  will appear as your signature on the From: line in messages
you send. It looks like this:

\oneline{Signature: John Q. Public}


Occasionally people express an interest in getting rid of some of the
header lines in their mail messages.  They don't want to see the
``Received from'', ``Via'' information, or some other header.  It
is possible to prevent these and other annoying headers from being
displayed by changing your {\it show\/} processor to be {\it mhless.}
To do this you must add this line 

\oneline{showproc: mhless}

to your \verb|.mh_profile|. You also must create a file 
called ``.mhlessrc'' containing the words which
appear at the beginning of the lines you don't want to see.
 
The typical ``.mhlessrc'' file will look like this:
\begin{verbatim}
	Received
	Via
	BB-Posted
	Return-Path
\end{verbatim}

The ``.mhlessrc'' file must be in your home directory.


\section{BBoards}

Electronic bulletin boards (BBoards) are a convenient way for a group
of people to discuss a particular topic.  Messages are sent to
an address where they can be read and replied to by all interested
parties. In the ICS department we have some ``local'' BBoards which
involve only people in the department.  We also subscribe to many
nationally distributed BBoards.  BBoards are read using the {\it bbc\/}
program which will allow you to read the messages with
an \MH/-like interface. 

One very important BBoard is ``system''.
It contains vital news about changes in software, system
downtime, new programs, and other information useful to all users.

To read a BBoard, you type ``\verb|bbc| {\it BBoard\_name\/}''. The {\it
bbc\/} program will check to see if there are new messages in the named
BBoard and if there are, it will start up {\it msh\/} so you can read them.
The {\it msh\/} program allows you to use regular \MH/ commands when reading
BBoards. Type ``{\tt show}'' to see the current message, ``{\tt next}'' to
see the next message, and so on.  Type ``{\tt quit}'' to quit reading the
current BBoard. If you have named more than one BBoard on the command line
or in your \verb|.mh_profile|, {\it bbc\/} will continue processing the next
BBoard in the list.

Here is an example of using {\it bbc\/} to read the system BBoard:

\newpage
\begin{footnotesize}
\baselineskip=12pt\parskip=0pt
\leftline{\tt\% bbc \itt system}
\leftline{\tt Reading system, currently at message 1 of 22}
\leftline{\tt(msh) \itt show}
\begin{verbatim}
(Message 1, BBoard-ID: 1360)
BBoard-ID: 1360
BB-Posted: Wed, 29 Jan 86 15:36:39 PST
Received: from localhost by UCI.EDU id a006693; 29 Jan 86 15:20 PST
To: [e-mail]
Subject: Imagen 24300
Date: Wed, 29 Jan 86 15:19:43 -0800
From: Tinh Tang <[e-mail]>

The Imagen 24300 is now operating normally.  It was broken down
due to the paper jammed in the drum.  Luckily, it didn't cause
any damage.

/ttang
\end{verbatim}\leftline{\tt(msh) \itt next}\begin{verbatim}
(Message 4, BBoard-ID: 1363)
BBoard-ID: 1363
BB-Posted: Fri, 31 Jan 86 13:33:37 PST
Received: from localhost by UCI.EDU id a001631; 31 Jan 86 13:30 PST
To: [e-mail]
Subject: uci.edu down 2/7/86 17:10 - 2/7/86 20:30
Date: Fri, 31 Jan 86 13:30:27 -0800
From: [e-mail]

The uci.edu will be down from
	February  7,1986 17:10 till February  7,1986 20:30.
The reason for the downtime is:
Both, the Computing Facility and the Physical Sciences Dataswitches 
will be unavailable from 5:10pm until 8:30pm on Friday, February 7th. 
Therefore all the Computers attached to those switches and the 
corresponding tandem link will be unavailable to users on 
the specified time.              (RJ).

Downtime Scheduler
\end{verbatim}\leftline{\tt(msh) \itt quit}
\leftline{\tt \%}
\end{footnotesize}
\newpage

You can see a list of all the available BBoards by typing:

\command{bbc -topics}

You can also put a line in your ``\verb|.mh_profile|'' listing all
the BBoards you want to read on a regular basis:

\oneline{bboards: system movies mh-users events}

Then you only need to type ``\verb|bbc|'' to read all your BBoards. 


\section{Checking for Mail}

Under \unix/, there are many different ways to check for new mail. The
easiest way to do it is to set the {\it csh\/} variable named ``mail''
to tell {\it csh\/} to check for new mail for you periodically. To
do this, add the line

	\oneline{set mail=(60 /usr/spool/mail/\$USER)}

to the {\tt .login} file in your home directory.  This command says
to check for mail if {\it csh\/} is about to prompt you with a
{\tt \%} sign, and if it has been at least 60 seconds since it last
checked for mail.  The advantage of this method of mail notification,
besides simplicity, is that you will never be interrupted by a mail
notification.  You will only be notified about new mail when you
are between commands.

If you want asynchronous mail notification, which will print to your
terminal regardless  of what you are currently doing, you may make
use of a ``receive mail hook'' called ``rcvtty''.  To do this, 
create a file in your home directory called ``{\tt .maildelivery}''.
In this file, put the line

	\oneline{* - pipe R /usr/uci/lib/mh/rcvtty}

Then, each time mail arrives, you will receive a one--line ``scan''
listing of the mail if your terminal is world-writable.  For more
information on mail delivery files, type:

	\command{man 5 maildelivery}

This will tell you about all the options available to you if you
use maildelivery files.


\section{Aliases}

Using \MH/, you may specify your own private mail aliases.  This feature
allows you to store lists of addresses or long internet addresses of people
with whom you frequently correspond in one file, and then to address them
using short mnemonic names.  Typically, you will call your alias file ``{\tt
aliases}''; it must be stored in your \MH/ directory.  The format of this
file is simple. The alias is given, followed by a colon, followed by one or
more legal mail addresses separated by commas.  For example, you might for
some reason have an alias for all the users named ``Rose'' in the ICS
department:

	\oneline{roses: prose, srose, mrose, drose}

In addition to your ``{\tt aliases}'' file, you will need to modify your\break
\verb|.mh_profile| in order to use aliases.  You should add the flag
``{\tt -alias aliases}'' to the entries for the commands {\it ali, whom,
send,} and {\it push,} creating entries for these programs if they aren't
already in your \verb|.mh_profile|.
Now, messages addressed to ``{\tt roses}'' will be distributed to all
the people listed in the alias.

The {\it ali\/} command is used to show you what an alias expands to.
You just type

	\comarg{ali}{alias}

and {\it ali\/} will respond with the expansion of the {\it alias.}  {\it
Ali\/} searches the system aliases file in addition to your private ones.

\section{Blind Lists}

There are two different types of so-called ``blind addressing'' of messages.
The {\tt BCC:} field allows you to add recipients to your message just
like those who are CC'd, but the normal recipients will not see that the
BCC recipients were copied on the message, their replies will not go to the
blind recipients, and the blind recipients cannot (easily) reply to the
message.

The second type of blind mailing is actually called a ``group address list'',
although it is commonly referred to as a ``blind list''.
The format of this type of address is

	\oneline{{\it phrase\/}: {\it address\_list\/};}

where the ``{\it phrase\/}'' is any English phrase of one or more words,
and the {\it address\_list\/} consists of one or more addresses separated by
commas.  The recipients of a message addressed in this fashion will
see simply

	\oneline{{\it phrase\/}: ;}

so when they reply to the message, their reply will come only to the sender
(or the {\tt Reply-To:} field, if one was specified), rather than going to
all the recipients of the original list. For example, to use a group
address list for the ``{\tt roses}'' alias you would type:

	\oneline{To: People Named Rose: roses;}

This type of group address is very
useful for making up lists of related people, such as all the people working
on a particular research project.


\end{document}