mh4mm.tex

早期freebsd实现

The equivalent of the {\tt RESEND} command in \MM/ is the {\it dist\/}
(``distribute'') command in \MH/.  {\it Dist\/} works very much like the
{\it forw\/} command, except that the prompts will be {\tt Resend-To:},
{\tt Resend-Cc:}, etc. After filling in the headers, a line of dashes
is typed giving the impression that additional text can be entered.
Nothing could be further from the truth; if you add any text at this
point the {\it dist\/} will fail.  Your only opportunity to add text
is in the {\tt Resend-Note:} field.

\section{Advanced Topics}

\subsection{Selecting Messages}

In \MM/, you may use several reserved command words to select messages
in place of an explicit list of message numbers.  For example, you can
type ``{\tt DELETE FROM SMITH}'' to remove all the messages from a user named
``Smith''.  Rather than building such a capability into each \MH/ program
which can process message lists, a special program called {\it pick\/} is
used instead.  Just as there are predefined sequences of messages, such as
``{\tt all}'', ``{\tt cur}'', etc., you may use {\it pick\/} to define your
own sequences.  {\it Pick\/} is capable of selecting messages from a folder
based on the {\tt To:}, {\tt From:}, {\tt Subject:}, {\tt Cc:}, or {\tt
Date:} fields, or by searching the body of the message.  The patterns to be
searched for may include full regular expressions (see the ``man'' page for
{\it ed(1)\/} for more information) or simple strings.

{\it Pick\/} may be used in one of two ways.  First, it may output the
sequence of message numbers which match the search parameters.  Using the
backquoting mechanism of the shell, these message numbers may then become
the arguments to other \MH/ programs.  The second way to use {\it pick\/} is
to have it define a new sequence name which will be the messages which were
selected.  Only this second method of using {\it pick\/} will be described
here; see {\it pick(l)\/} if you wish to use the first method.

In your \verb|.mh_profile|, add the line

	\oneline{pick: -seq sel}

Then each time you use the {\it pick\/} command, it will define the
resulting sequence of messages to be called ``sel''.  Then to ``pick'' all
the messages in the current folder which are from ``Smith'', just type

	\command{pick -from smith}

To see a summary of those messages, type

	\command{scan sel}

Then to the remove the messages, type the command

	\command{rmm sel}

You can {\it pick\/} messages according to any of the headers ({\tt -to
-from -subj -cc {\rm or} -date}) or just search all the messages for a given
word ({\tt -search}).

\subsection{Customizing Your Mail Environment}\label{Tailoring}

In \MM/, you use the {\tt PROFILE} command to tailor your mail environment.
This command writes a file called {\tt MM.INIT} in your home directory which
is then read by subsequent executions of \MM/.  In the \MH/ system, the file
\verb|.mh_profile| serves the same purpose.  It is edited with any normal
text editor, rather than using a special-purpose command to modify it.  The
format of the file is line oriented, one line per \MH/ program or \MH/
option to be set.  The only required line in the profile is the name of the
primary \MH/ mail directory, which is by default {\tt Mail}. This
information is specified by the line

	\oneline{Path: Mail}

The textual name you would like to have on your outgoing mail is specified
by the {\tt Signature:} line.  For example,

	\oneline{Signature: Mary Hegardt}

The BBoards which you like to read should also be listed in the
\verb|.mh_profile| (see Section~\ref{BBoards}, page~\pageref{BBoards}, for
additional information).  For example, if you read the ``system'' BBoard
(where all important announcements are posted), as well as ``whimsey''
and ``imagen-users'' BBoards, your \verb|.mh_profile| should contain the line

	\oneline{bboards: system whimsey imagen-users}

Other options may be specified on a per-program basis.  The format for these
lines is the same.  First, the program name is given followed by a colon.
Then any flags which are to be the default options for that program are
given.  Here is a short list of the most common options which you may want
to set in your \verb|.mh_profile|:

	\oneline{showproc: mhless}

The {\it showproc\/} is the program used to show messages to you.  By
default, it is the {\it more\/} command.  {\it Mhless\/} is the same as
{\it more\/} except that it omits the headers of the messages which you
indicate that you wish not to see.  Type

	\command{man mhless}

for more information about this program.

	\oneline{msh: -scan}

Selecting this option causes an automatic scan of new messages on BBoards to be
made when reading BBoards with {\it bbc,} similar to the scan listing
produced by {\it inc.}

	\oneline{repl: -query}

causes {\it repl\/} to ask for each address in the message being replied to
if it should be included in the {\tt To:} or {\tt Cc:} fields of the reply
being composed.

	\oneline{pick: -seq sel}

This line will cause messages ``picked'' by the {\it pick\/} command to be
put into a sequence named ``sel''.  This sequence name may then be used
just as the built-in sequences (``last'', ``first'', etc.).

\subsection{Aliases}

Using \MH/, you may specify your own private mail aliases.  This feature
allows you to store lists of addresses or long internet addresses of people
with whom you frequently correspond in one file, and then to address them
using short mnemonic names.  Typically, you will call your alias file ``{\tt
aliases}''; it must be stored in your \MH/ directory.  The format of this
file is simple. The alias is given, followed by a colon, followed by one or
more legal mail addresses separated by commas.  For example, you might for
some reason have an alias for all the users named ``Rose'' in the ICS
department:

	\oneline{roses: prose, srose, mrose, drose}

In addition to your ``{\tt aliases}'' file, you will need to modify your
\verb|.mh_profile| in order to use aliases.  You should add the flag
``{\tt -alias aliases}'' to the entries for the commands {\it ali, whom,
send,} and {\it push,} creating entries for these programs if they aren't
already in your \verb|.mh_profile|.
Now, messages addressed to ``{\tt roses}'' will be distributed to all
the people listed in the alias.

The {\it ali\/} command is used to show you what an alias expands to.
You just type

	\comarg{ali}{alias}

and {\it ali\/} will respond with the expansion of the {\it alias.}  {\it
Ali\/} searches the system aliases file in addition to your private ones.

\subsection{Blind Lists}

There are two different types of so-called ``blind addressing'' of messages.
Users of \MM/ may already be familiar with the ``Blind Carbon Copy'', or
{\tt BCC:} field.  It allows you to add recipients to your message just
like those who are CC'd, but the normal recipients will not see that the
BCC recipients were copied on the message, their replies will not go to the
blind recipients, and the blind recipients cannot (easily) reply to the
message.

The second type of blind mailing is actually called a ``group address list'',
although it is commonly referred to as a ``blind list''.
The format of this type of address is

	\oneline{{\it phrase\/}: {\it address\_list\/};}

where the ``{\it phrase\/}'' is any English phrase of one or more words,
and the {\it address\_list\/} consists of one or more addresses separated by
commas.  The recipients of a message addressed in this fashion will
see simply

	\oneline{{\it phrase\/}: ;}

so when they reply to the message, their reply will come only to the sender
(or the {\tt Reply-To:} field, if one was specified), rather than going to
all the recipients of the original list. For example, to use a group
address list for the ``{\tt roses}'' alias you would type:

	\oneline{To: People Named Rose: roses;}

This type of group address is very
useful for making up lists of related people, such as all the people working
on a particular research project.

\subsection{Folders}\label{Folders}

As mentioned previously, folders are directories within your \MH/ directory
used to store related messages.  There is no equivalent of the folder
concept in the \MM/ system. Usually, you will use only the folder ``inbox'',
so you won't have to worry about folders.  However, if you process a large
volume of mail, then folders become invaluable in managing the messages
which you wish to keep for future reference.

Just as there is a ``current message,'' \MH/ maintains a ``current folder,''
which will normally be ``inbox''.  You can change folders either by
specifying the folder on the command line of \MH/ programs which take a
list of messages as an argument, or by using the {\tt folder} command:

	\command{folder +{\it folder\_name}}

In general, the folder name is indicated by a ``{\tt+}'' sign followed
immediately by the folder name, all preceeding any list of messages. For
example, you may read the most recent message in a folder called
``job\_offers'' using the command

	\command{show +job\_offers last}

This command will have the side-effect of setting the current folder to be
``job\_offers''. You may move messages from the current folder into the
``job\_offers'' folder using the command

	\comarg{refile +job\_offers}{messages}

where, as usual, the {\it messages\/} list will default to the current
message in the current folder if none are specified.  Note that, in contrast
with the {\it show\/} command and most other \MH/ commands, the {\it
messages\/} are {\em not\/} considered to be in the folder ``job\_offers''.
You may obtain a summary of all your folders by typing the command

	\command{folders}

When you remove messages from a folder using the {\it rmm\/} command,
the deleted messages will show up as a ``hole'' in the message numbering.
The command

	\command{folder -pack}

will cause all the messages within one folder to be renumbered starting
with~1. Similarly, the command

	\command{folders -pack}

will do the same thing for all your folders.

To remove an empty folder, use the command

	\command{rmf +{\it folder}}

\subsection{Reading BBoards}\label{BBoards}

Two special-purpose programs are utilized in reading BBoards.  The first is
{\it bbc,} which is used to check a list of BBoards for new messages.
The list of messages may be given on the command line, or if not, it will be
taken from the {\tt BBoards:} list in your \verb|.mh_profile|.  You may
obtain a list of all the available BBoards by typing the command

	\command{bbc -topics}

For each BBoard with unseen messages, {\it bbc\/} will invoke the \MH/
shell, {\it msh,} whose prompt is

	\oneline{(msh)}

The {\it msh\/} program allows you to read BBoard mail as if it were normal
messages in one of your folders.  Almost all the \MH/ commands will work
just as the normally do.  Typing the command ``{\tt quit}'' to {\it msh\/}
causes it to stop reading the current BBoard and go on to the next one
containing unseen messages, or to exit if there are no more such BBoards.
Typing control-D causes {\it msh\/} to exit unconditionally.  The command
{\tt mark} followed by a message number causes {\it msh\/} to act as if you
have seen that message and all previous ones.

\subsection{Checking for Mail}

Under \unix/, there are about a dozen different ways to check for new mail.
The easiest way to do it is to set the {\it csh\/} variable named ``mail''
to tell {\it csh\/} to check for new mail for you periodically.  To do this,
add the line

	\oneline{set mail=(60 /usr/spool/mail/\$USER)}

to your {\tt .login} file in your home directory.  This command says to
check for mail if {\it csh\/} is about to prompt you with a {\tt\%} sign,
and if it has been at least 60 seconds since it last checked for mail.
The advantage of this method of mail notification, besides simplicity, is
that you will never be interrupted by a mail notification.  You will only be
notified of new mail when you are between commands, when the shell is about to
prompt you.

If you desire asynchronous mail notification, which will print to your
terminal regardless of what you are currently doing, you may make use of a
``Receive Mail Hook'' called ``rcvtty''.  To do this, create a file in your
home directory called ``{\tt .maildelivery}''.  In this file, put the line

	\oneline{* - pipe R /usr/uci/lib/mh/rcvtty}

Then each time new mail arrives, you will receive a one-line ``scan''
listing of the mail if your terminal is world-writable. For more information
on ``maildelivery'' files, type:

	\command{man 5 maildelivery}


\subsection{Saving Drafts}

Normally when you use {\it comp,} it creates the message being composed in a
file called ``{\tt draft}'' in your \MH/ directory. If you use the ``{\tt
quit}'' option at the ``{\tt What now?}'' prompt, this file will remain
there.  You may later use the command

	\command{comp -use}

to resume composing the message.

If you begin composing a new message and there is already a ``draft'' file,
you will be asked for the disposition of this file.  Typing {\tt?}
\fbox{return} will give you a list of the options at this point.  Normally
you will either {\tt replace} (delete) the old draft and begin
a new one or {\tt use} the old one.

The {\tt -file} switch to {\it comp\/} may be used to specify the name of a
draft other than ``{\tt draft}''.  For example, one might type

	\command{comp -file mary}

to begin composing a message maintained in the draft file ``{\tt mary}''.
Typing

	\command{comp -file mary -use}

would cause {\it comp\/} to resume composing this same draft after a
``{\tt quit}'' command to the ``{\tt What now?}'' prompt.

Very advanced users of \MH/ maintain multiple draft files in a {\it draft
folder.}  This is a normal folder which holds all your drafts, rather than
having just one draft in your \MH/ directory named ``{\tt draft}''.  If you
feel that you need to use draft folders, you should consult the {\sl MH
User's Manual\/} for additional information.

\end{document}