pick.man

早期freebsd实现

PICK(1)                BSD Reference Manual               PICK(1)


NNAAMMEE
       pick - select messages by content

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
     pick   [+folder]   [msgs]  [-and ...]  [-or ...]  [-not ...]
            [-lbrace ... -rbrace] [--component pattern] [-cc pat-
            tern]  [-date pattern]  [-from pattern] [-search pat-
            tern] [-subject pattern] [-to pattern]  [-after date]
            [-before date]                     [-datefield field]
            [-sequence name ...]  [-public]  [-nopublic]  [-zero]
            [-nozero] [-list] [-nolist] [-help]

     typically:
            scan `pick -from jones`
            pick -to holloway -sequence select
            show `pick -before friday`

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       _P_i_c_k  searches  messages within a folder for the specified
       contents, and then identifies those messages.   Two  types
       of  search  primitives are available: pattern matching and
       date constraint operations.

       A modified _g_r_e_p(1) is used to perform the matching, so the
       full  regular expression (see _e_d(1)) facility is available
       within  `pattern'.   With  `-search',  `pattern'  is  used
       directly,  and  with  the  others,  the  grep pattern con-
       structed is:

            "component[ \t]*:.*pattern"

       This means that the pattern specified for a `-search' will
       be  found  everywhere in the message, including the header
       and the body, while the other  pattern  matching  requests
       are  limited  to  the  single  specified  component.   The
       expression

            `--component pattern'

       is a shorthand for specifying

            `-search "component[ \t]*:.*pattern" '

       It is used to pick a component which is not one of  "To:",
       "cc:",  "Date:",  "From:",  or  "Subject:".  An example is
       `pick --reply-to pooh'.

       Pattern matching is performed on a per-line basis.  Within
       the  header  of  the message, each component is treated as
       one long line, but in the body,  each  line  is  separate.
       Lower-case letters in the search pattern will match either



[mh.6]                        MH.6.8                            1








PICK(1)                BSD Reference Manual               PICK(1)


       lower or upper case in the message, while upper case  will
       match only upper case.

       Note  that  since the `-date' switch is a pattern matching
       operation (as described above), to find messages sent on a
       certain date the pattern string must match the text of the
       "Date:" field of the message.

       Independent of any pattern matching operations  requested,
       the  switches  `-after date' or `-before date' may also be
       used to introduce date/time contraints on all of the  mes-
       sages.  By default, the "Date:" field is consulted, but if
       another date  yielding  field  (such  as  "BB-Posted:"  or
       "Delivery-Date:")  should  be used, the `-datefield field'
       switch may be used.

       With `-before' and `-after', _p_i_c_k will actually parse  the
       date  fields  in  each of the messages specified in `msgs'
       and compare them to the date/time specified.  If  `-after'
       is  given,  then  only  those messages whose "Date:" field
       value is chronologically after the date specified will  be
       considered.  The `-before' switch specifies the complimen-
       tary action.

       Both  the  `-after'  and  `-before'  switches  take  legal
       822-style  date  specifications  as  arguments.  _P_i_c_k will
       default certain missing fields so  that  the  entire  date
       need  not  be  specified.   These  fields are (in order of
       defaulting): timezone, time and timezone, date,  date  and
       timezone.   All  defaults are taken from the current date,
       time, and timezone.

       In addition to 822-style dates, _p_i_c_k will  also  recognize
       any  of  the  days of the week ("sunday", "monday", and so
       on), and the special dates "today", "yesterday" (24  hours
       ago), and "tomorrow" (24 hours from now).  All days of the
       week are judged to refer to  a  day  in  the  past  (e.g.,
       telling  _p_i_c_k "saturday" on a "tuesday" means "last satur-
       day" not "this saturday").

       Finally, in addition to these special specifications, _p_i_c_k
       will  also  honor a specification of the form "-dd", which
       means "dd days ago".

       _P_i_c_k supports complex boolean operations on the  searching
       primitives   with   the   `-and',   `-or',   `-not',   and
       `-lbrace ... -rbrace' switches.  For example,

            pick -after yesterday -and
                 -lbrace -from freida -or -from fear -rbrace




[mh.6]                        MH.6.8                            2








PICK(1)                BSD Reference Manual               PICK(1)


       identifies messages recently sent by "frieda" or "fear".

       The matching primitives take precedence  over  the  `-not'
       switch,  which  in turn takes precedence over `-and' which
       in turn takes precedence  over  `-or'.   To  override  the
       default  precedence,  the `-lbrace' and `-rbrace' switches
       are provided, which act  just  like  opening  and  closing
       parentheses in logical expressions.

       If  no  search criteria are given, all the messages speci-
       fied on the command line are selected  (this  defaults  to
       "all").

       Once  the search has been performed, if the `-list' switch
       is given, the message numbers of the selected messages are
       written  to  the  standard  output  separated by newlines.
       This is _e_x_t_r_e_m_e_l_y useful for quickly generating  arguments
       for other _M_H programs by using the "backquoting" syntax of
       the shell.  For example, the command

            scan `pick +todo -after "31 Mar 83 0123 PST"`

       says to _s_c_a_n those messages in the indicated folder  which
       meet  the  appropriate criterion.  Note that since _p_i_c_k 's
       context changes are written out prior to  _s_c_a_n 's  invoca-
       tion,  you  need  not  give the folder argument to _s_c_a_n as
       well.

       Regardless of the operation of  the  `-list'  switch,  the
       `-sequence  name'  switch  may  be  given  once  for  each
       sequence the user wishes to  define.   For  each  sequence
       named, that sequence will be defined to mean exactly those
       messages selected by _p_i_c_k.  For example,

            pick -from frated -seq fred

       defines a new message  sequence  for  the  current  folder
       called  "fred"  which contains exactly those messages that
       were selected.

       Note  that  whenever  _p_i_c_k  processes  a  `-sequence name'
       switch, it sets `-nolist'.

       By  default, _p_i_c_k will zero the sequence before adding it.
       This action can be disabled  with  the  `-nozero'  switch,
       which  means  that  the  messages selected by _p_i_c_k will be
       added to the sequence, if it already exists, and any  mes-
       sages already a part of that sequence will remain so.

       The `-public' and `-nopublic' switches are used by _p_i_c_k in
       the same way _m_a_r_k uses them.



[mh.6]                        MH.6.8                            3








PICK(1)                BSD Reference Manual               PICK(1)


FFIILLEESS
       $HOME/.mh_profile                         The user profile

PPRROOFFIILLEE CCOOMMPPOONNEENNTTSS
       Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
       Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       mark(1)

DDEEFFAAUULLTTSS
       `+folder' defaults to the current folder
       `msgs' defaults to all
       `-datefield date'
       `-nopublic' if the folder is read-only, `-public' otherwise
       `-zero'
       `-list' is the default if no `-sequence', `-nolist' otherwise

CCOONNTTEEXXTT
       If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.

HHIISSTTOORRYY
       In previous versions of _M_H, the _p_i_c_k command  would  _s_h_o_w,
       _s_c_a_n,  or  _r_e_f_i_l_e  the selected messages.  This was rather
       "inverted logic" from the UNIX point of view, so _p_i_c_k  was
       changed  to  define  sequences and output those sequences.
       Hence, _p_i_c_k can be used to generate the arguments for  all
       other _M_H commands, instead of giving _p_i_c_k endless switches
       for invoking those commands itself.

       Also, previous versions of _p_i_c_k balked if you didn't spec-
       ify  a  search string or a date/time constraint.  The cur-
       rent version does not, and merely matches the messages you
       specify.  This lets you type something like:

            show `pick last:20 -seq fear`

       instead of typing

            mark -add -nozero -seq fear last:20
            show fear

       Finally,  timezones  used  to  be  ignored  when comparing
       dates: they aren't any more.

HHEELLPPFFUULL HHIINNTTSS
       Use "pick sequence -list" to enumerate the messages  in  a
       sequence (such as for use by a shell script).

BBUUGGSS
       The  argument  to the `-after' and `-before' switches must



[mh.6]                        MH.6.8                            4








PICK(1)                BSD Reference Manual               PICK(1)


       be interpreted as a single token by the shell that invokes
       _p_i_c_k.   Therefore,  one must usually place the argument to
       this switch inside double-quotes.  Furthermore, any  occu-
       rance  of `-datefield' must occur prior to the `-after' or
       `-before' switch it applies to.

       If _p_i_c_k is used in a back-quoted operation, such as

            scan `pick -from jones`

       and _p_i_c_k selects no messages (e.g., no messages  are  from
       "jones"),  then the shell will still run the outer command
       (e.g., "scan").  Since no messages were matched, _p_i_c_k pro-
       duced  no output, and the argument given to the outer com-
       mand as a result of backquoting _p_i_c_k  is  empty.   In  the
       case  of _M_H programs, the outer command now acts as if the
       default `msg' or `msgs' should be used (e.g., "all" in the
       case  of  _s_c_a_n ).  To prevent this unexpected behavior, if
       `-list' was given, and if its standard  output  is  not  a
       tty, then _p_i_c_k outputs the illegal message number "0" when
       it fails.  This lets the outer command fail gracefully  as
       well.

       The  pattern  syntax "[l-r]" is not supported; each letter
       to be matched must be included within the square brackets.





























[mh.6]                        MH.6.8                            5