install.ms.2

早期freebsd实现

.\" $Revision: 1.10 $
.NH 1
Known Problems
.PP
If you use NIS (formerly Yellow Pages) on SunOS, you will need to add
a ``domainname'' entry to your \fIinn.conf\fP file if your hosts do
not contain fully-qualified domain names.
The most common symptom of this is that \fIinews\fP will fail because
it cannot generate a Message-ID.
Another problem with NIS is that reverse name lookups do not return the
fully-qualified domain name.
If you know that none of your local clients have a period in their name,
you can use a pattern like ``*[^.]*'' in your \fInnrp.access\fP file.
.PP
SunOS4.1.1 has a bug where \fIwrite\fP(2) can return EINTR.
The most common symptom is the following fatal error message from \fIinnd\fP:
.DS
Can't sync history, interrupted system call
.DE
This is Sun bug 1052649.
It is fixed in patch 100293-01.
According to the release manual, it is also fixed in all releases of SunOS
since 4.1.2.
.PP
If you have \fINOFILE_LIMIT\fP set you should know that the standard I/O
library in SunOS4.x has trouble with more than 127 descriptors.
The most common symptom is the following fatal error message from \fIinnd\fP:
.DS
can't fopen /usr/local/news/history, invalid argument
.DE
This occurs after doing a \fIctlinnd\fP ``reload'' command.
For a work-around, reboot your server instead of trying to ``reload.''
Another symptom is that \fIinnd\fP will exit if you do a \fIctlinnd\fP
\&``flush'' command while the server is paused or throttled.
This is Sun bug 1045141.
Sun does not plan to fix it for any 4.x release.
.PP
One site has reported the same error message happens after doing
a sequence of ``throttle'' and ``go'' commands.
It does not appear to be related to the bug mentioned above, although
the symptom is the same.
If you replace the body of INN's \fIxfopena\fP routine with the following,
it will work:
.DS
return fopen(p, "a+");
.DE
This is in the file \fIlib/xfopena.c\fP.
.PP
If you use Sun's unbundled compiler, \fIacc\fP, you must make sure
to use the unbundled assembler, too.
You might also get lots of ``left operand must be modifiable lvalue'' errors.
Setting \fIUSE_CHAR_CONST\fP to ``DONT'' will help.
.PP
There have been reports that the VAX Ultrix 4.2 \fImalloc\fP doesn't work
well with \fIinnd\fP, causing it to slowly fill up all swap space.
I believe that all of the memory leaks in \fIinnd\fP have been fixed,
but you might want to look at using a different \fImalloc\fP package.
The Kingsley/Perl \fImalloc\fP package is provided in the \fIlib\fP directory.
Add ``malloc.c'' and ``malloc.o'' to the MISSING_SRC and MISSING_OBJ lines
in \fIconfig.data\fP and rebuild.
.PP
I have been told that on SunSoft Interactive
UNIX System V Release 3.2 Version 3.0 systems <errno.h> has been
broken up into separate files.
The easiest way to work around this problem is to add
\&``#include\ <net/errno.h>'' to \fIinclude/clibrary.h\fP.
.PP
If you use 386BSD (the Jolitz port, not the BSDI product) you will have to
set \fIACT_STYLE\fP to ``READ''.
If you do not do this then the active file will not get updated.
Another work-around is to insert an ``msync'' call in the ICDwriteactive
routine in \fIinnd/icd.c\fP.
This is not supported because I consider the 386BSD behavior to be buggy.
.PP
The default configuration of some Sequent kernels does not provide enough
descriptors for \fIinnd\fP to run.
You might have to rebuild your kernel with the ``MAXNOFILE=128''
and ``NOFILEEXT=64'' options.
You will also have to had a ``setdtablesize(nnn)'' call in the main routine
of \fIinnd\fP, and a ``setdtablesize(0)'' call in the Spawn routine.
.PP
I have been told that some older versions of the SCO \fIopendir\fP routine
have file descriptor leaks.
The most noticeable symptom is probably that \fIinnd\fP will die while
trying to renumber the \fIactive\fP file.
You might want to use a freely-redistributable ``dirent'' package such
as one distributed by the Free Software Foundation.
.PP
On some SVR4 systems, attempting to set the socket buffer size is either
not supported or, even worse, might result in \fIinnd\fP's data size
growing.
The most noticeable symptom is ``cant setsockopt(SNDBUF)'' messages in
your \fIsyslog\fP output.
To fix this, either comment out the calls to \fIsetsockopt\fP in
\fIinnd/nc.c\fP or add ``\-USO_SNDBUF'' to your \fIDEFS\fP config
parameter.
.PP
I have heard that Sony SVR4 systems have lots of problems.
You must set \fIHAVE_UNIX_DOMAIN\fP to ``DONT''; sockets in general seem
to have problems, including kernel crashes and a blocked \fIinnd\fP.
.PP
If you use the GNU \fIsed\fP in the \fI_PATH_SED\fP configuration parameter,
make sure you get version 1.13; earlier versions have a bug that breaks
the \fIparsecontrol\fP scripts.
The most noticeable symptom is that all ``newgroup'' control messages
result in mail saying that they are unparseable.
.PP
Some versions of the shell in HP-UX do not properly parse a quoted ``[''
when it is in a pattern for a \fIcase\fP statement.
The most noticeable symptom is that \fInews.daily\fP does not properly
expire articles if \fIinnwatch\fP has throttled the server.
Contact HP and get a fix for SR # 5003-009811.
.PP
On some versions of AIX on the RS/6000, using memory-mapping can eat
up all the page space or crash the machine.
This will be noticeable if you have \fIACT_STYLE\fP set to ``MMAP'' and/or
have ``-DMMAP'' in \fIDBZCFLAGS\fP.
Ask your IBM representative for the ``U413090'' PTF and prerequisites to
apply it; it is believed that this will fix it.
.bp
.SH
Appendix I:  Differences from other News software
.PP
Administrators will find that INN is fairly incompatible with B and C News.
This section tries to mention the most important places where INN differs
from the other news systems.
If you have not maintained B or C News, you should probably skip this
section.
.PP
Users will generally only notice is that INN is faster; it should be
100% compatible with the other systems at the user level.
If you had particular problems that aren't mentioned here, please let me know.
Note, however, that this is \fInot\fP a tutorial on how to set up a new
INN system, or convert older software to it; no such document exists.
.NH 0
Configuration Files
.PP
Below is a list of the data files used by B and C News, and the reference
NNTP implementation, along with a short summary of how they map into INN
configuration files.
The syntax is always different: INN files are almost always a set of
colon-separated fields where lines beginning with a poundsign are ignored.
.IP \fIexplist\fP 15
This is replaced by the similar \fIexpire.ctl\fP file.
Archiving is done by a separate program.
.IP \fImailpaths\fP 15
This is replaced by the \fImoderators\fP file.
The ``default'' entry in \fImailpaths\fP is replaced by either a
full wildcard (``*'') entry in the \fImoderators\fP file, or by a
\&``moderatormailer'' entry in the \fIinn.conf\fP file.
.IP \fInntp.access\fP 15
This is replaced by the \fIhosts.nntp\fP (for NNTP peers) and
\fInnrp.access\fP (for newsreading) files.
.IP \fInntp.sys\fP 15
This is a password file used if NNTP is compiled with the ``AUTH'' option.
It is replaced by the \fIpasswd.nntp\fP file.
Note that \fIinews\fP and \fIrnews\fP will also try to read \fIpasswd.nntp\fP.
Therefore, you will probably want to have one-line versions of it for your
on-campus clients.
.IP \fIorganization\fP 15
This is replaced by the ``organization'' entry in the \fIinn.conf\fP file.
.IP \fIrn/server\fP 15
This is replaced by the ``server'' entry in the \fIinn.conf\fP file.
.IP \fIwhoami\fP 15
This is replaced by the ``pathhost'' and ``fromhost'' entries in the
\fIinn.conf\fP file.
.NH 1
Newsgroups, Active, Sys, and Newsfeeds
.PP
The biggest difference is how the \fInewsfeeds\fP file compares with the
\fIsys\fP file.
Newsgroup patterns like ``all.all.ctl'' are completely gone.
All newsgroup patterns are shell-style wildcards, matched against the
\fIactive\fP file.
.PP
The \fIactive\fP file is taken to be the definitive list of newsgroups that you
want to receive.
With B and C news, an article must match the subscription list of the
local site as specified in the \fIsys\fP file.
If it matches, each newsgroup is then looked up in the \fIactive\fP file.
If none of the newsgroups are found, then the article is filed into the
newsgroup named ``junk''.
.PP
INN's behavior is much simpler.
If a newsgroup does not appear in the \fIactive\fP file, it is ignored.
If none of the groups are mentioned, then the article is rejected:
nothing is written to disk.
This is a deliberate design decision:  if you do not want a particular
newsgroup to take up your disk space, remove it from the \fIactive\fP file;
if your neighbors have not gotten around to updating your newsfeed, then
the only thing that will happen is that some network bandwidth will have
been wasted when they send you the article.
.PP
You can change INN's behavior so that it resembles the other systems.
To do this, compile with \fIWANT_JUNK\fP set to ``DO.''
Note that this will accept \fIeverything\fP.
Because there is no subscription list, you cannot say ``give me all of the
foo hierarchy (filed into junk), but not the alt hierarchy.''
You must list the group in the \fIactive\fP file.
.PP
INN strictly believes in distributions.
If the site named \fIME\fP has any distributions, then incoming articles
must either have no Distribution header, or the header must match the
distribution list.
If you want to blindly accept all distributions, make sure you do not
have a ``/distrib,...'' section in your \fIME\fP entry.
Distributions are fixed strings \(em there are no patterns or special
wildcards like ``all.''
.PP
For more details on these items, see \fIdoc/newsfeeds.5\fP.
.NH 1
Control Messages
.PP
Like C News, INN implements all control messages other than cancel as
shell scripts.
The number and type of parameters is different from that of C News.
All control messages consult the file \fIcontrol.ctl\fP before acting on
the message.  If the sender's address matches with the list of authorized
addresses (e.g., ``[e-mail]'', ``*'', etc.), the control
message is either acted upon, mailed to the news administrator, or logged.
For example, messages from ``[e-mail]'' (the current moderator
of news.announce.newgroups) are honored.
.PP
The ``control'', ``junk'', and ``to'' newsgroups can be explicitly sent
or not sent.
See \fIdoc/newsfeeds.5\fP and \fIdoc/innd.8\fP.
.PP
The \fIctlinnd\fP program is what really directs the server to create or
remove newsgroups.
This results in a semi-recursive process:  the control message arrives, and
a script is invoked to process the message.
If approved, the script invokes \fIctlinnd\fP to send a message back to the
server telling it to create or remove the group.
.NH 1
Locking
.PP
A running news system has many open files.
These files can be divided into two groups.
The first group includes the history database and \fIactive\fP file.
The second group includes the logfiles and batch files used to send articles
to your feeds.
.PP
B news uses an internal protocol for the first group.
For the second group, since \fIinews\fP does ``atomic appends,''
no locking is necessary.
C news uses the \fIlocknews\fP and \fInewslock\fP scripts for the first
group, and provides no fine-grain mechanism for the second group.
.PP
With INN, the server is running all the time and all locking is done under
the direction of \fIctlinnd\fP.
The first group is generally handled by using the ``throttle,'' ``pause,''
and ``go'' commands (sometimes ``reload'' will be necessary).
The second group is handled by the ``flushlogs'' and ``flush'' commands.
See the \fIdoc/ctlinnd.8\fP manpage; examples of their use can be found in
various scripts in the \fIsamples\fP directory.
.\"
.bp
.SH
Appendix II:  Converting from other News software
.PP
INN is a complete news transport and expiration system.
Since few people will be installing INN from scratch, this section
should help you determine what you can ``throw out'' from your earlier
news setups.
It is also compatible with much of the existing news software, so you
can create a mixed environment if you want to, and if you are careful.
.NH 0
C News Expire
.PP
The \fIexpire\fP program that is distributed with INN does not do
any archiving.
Since the history databases currently have the same format, it is possible to
use the C News \fIexpire\fP if you want to.
(The INN history database may change, however, so you should only do this
if you really have to \(em you really should use INN's \fIexpire\fP.)
There are three ways to do this.
.PP
The first way is to change your \fIdoexpire\fP script so that it calls
\fIctlinnd\fP to ``throttle'' \fIinnd\fP just before \fIexpire\fP
runs.
It should then issue a \fIctlinnd\fP ``go'' command after \fIexpire\fP
is done.
The drawback to this method is that no incoming news is accepted until
all expiration is finished.
.PP
The second way is to compile \fIlib/lock.c\fP and add it to your C News
library \fIlibcnews.a\fP, replacing the provided lock functions.
You should then remove \fIexpire\fP and relink it.
This method has not been tested very thoroughly, but it is rather simple.
.PP
The third way is to teach the C News \fIexpire\fP to talk to \fIinnd\fP
and tell it to cancel articles that it would remove.
To do this, apply the patch file \fIexpire/expire.pch\fP to your C News
\fIexpire.c\fP sources.
You will also have to add \fIlib/inndcomm.o\fP to \fIlibcnews.a\fP and
then rebuild \fIexpire\fP.
.NH 1
Standard NNTP daemon
.PP
You can use the ``standard'' \fInntpd\fP server.
You should only have to do this if you have hosts that feed you news,
and where the users on that machine also want to read news on your
machine.