install.ms

早期freebsd实现

MISSING_OBJ	syslog.o strerror.o
MISSING_SRC	syslog.c strerror.c
POINTER	void
PROF	-p
QSORTVAL	void
SIZE_T	unsigned int
SLEEPVAL	unsigned int
_EXITVAL	void
.DE
Ultrix also requires the new \fIsyslog\fP.
Some sites have reported problems with using the \fIsyslog\fP that INN includes.
The file \fIjtkohl-syslog-complete.tar.Z\fP in the \fI/pub/DEC\fP
directory on gatekeeper.dec.com has a ``for-Ultrix'' package that handles
both old and new \fIsyslog\fP calls.
While Ultrix has symlinks, it does not have the ``\-follow'' option in
its \fIfind\fP command.
This is used in \fIexpire/makeactive.c\fP; you will have to either install
the GNU \fIfind\fP or edit the source file.
.NH 1
Other Source Preparations
.PP
In addition to setting up the configuration file, it might be necessary
to do some other setups.
.NH 2
Systems with old syslogs
.PP
If you need to install the \fIsyslog\fP that is distributed with INN, go to
the top of the distribution and type ``make syslogfix''.
This will also compile \fIsyslogd\fP, the logging daemon.
You should install this to replace your existing daemon, usually in
\fI/etc/syslog\fP.
You will also need to install the new-style \fIsyslog.conf\fP file.
.PP
If you cannot replace \fIsyslogd\fP on your machine, then see the file
\fIsyslog/README\fP for information on how to set it up as an alternate
daemon.
.PP
Ignore any complaints from \fIlint\fP about the INN sources calling
\fIopenlog\fP with the wrong argument count.
In fact, if you \fBdon't\fP get any complaints, then something is wrong
with the way \fIsyslog\fP, \fI<syslog.h>\fP, or the \fIlint\fP libraries
are set up on your system.
.NH 2
The DBZ package
.PP
INN uses the DBZ database package.
Thanks to Jon Zeeff for his permission to use and redistribute DBZ,
as modified by Henry Spencer. 
INN has its own set of modifications to DBZ.
The changes are made with the \fIpatch\fP program and the context diff
in \fIlib/dbz.pch\fP.
If you don't have \fIpatch\fP installed, then you can make the changes
manually.
(If you don't have Larry Wall's \fIpatch\fP program get it from any
\fIcomp.sources.unix\fP archive as well as many FSF archives and other
places \(em you'll be glad you did.)
.PP
If you are using \fIvfork\fP (specified in the \fIFORK\fP parameter),
or you want to \fImmap\fP the database, then you \fBmust\fP apply the patch.
The Makefile in \fIlib\fP will normally do it for you automatically, anyway.
The beginning of the patch file describes the changes made in more detail.
If you do not apply the patch, then you must add add ``dbzalt.c'' and
\&``dbzalt.o'' to the MISSING_SRC and MISSING_OBJ parameters.
.PP
Apparently the System V 386 compiler can't optimize \fIdbz.c\fP (the
GNU C compiler doesn't have this problem).
If you have ``\-O'' in your \fIDBZCFLAGS\fP configuration parameter, then
take it out.
.NH 2
Using writev
.PP
INN makes extensive use the \fIwritev\fP system call to write several
I/O buffers in a single call.
If you do not have \fIwritev\fP then you must copy \fIinclude/uio.h\fP to
your \fI/usr/include/sys\fP directory.
You must also add ``writev.c'' and ``writev.o'' to the MISSING_SRC and
MISSING_OBJ parameters.
.PP
The ``fake'' \fIwritev\fP found in the \fIlib\fP directory is not highly
efficient.
You might want to write a better one that tries to \fImalloc\fP a new
buffer and join all the elements.
Be careful about doing this because \fIinnd\fP can use very big buffers.
.NH 1
Compiling the System
.PP
Once the INN sources have been configured, they are ready to be compiled.
If you are very confident of your changes, type the following:
.DS
cd $inn
make all
.DE
If you do not get any errors, skip to the section titled ``Installing the
System.''
.PP
If you are confident, but careful, type:
.DS
cd $inn
make world
cat */lint
.DE
This will compile everything, then run \fIlint\fP in all directories.
.PP
Another option is to run the \fIBUILD\fP script found at the top of
the source tree.
This will interactively configure, compile, and install the system.
After running that script, skip to the section titled ``Installing the
System.''
.PP
If you are more cautious, you should type the following:
.DS
cd $inn/config
make quiet
cd ..
.DE
This will use your already-tested \fIsubst\fP program with your new
\fIconfig.data\fP file.
You should then follow the steps in the following sections.
.NH 2
Building the Library
.PP
The next step is to build the INN library.
Do the following
.DS
cd $inn/lib
make libinn.a lint
.DE
.PP
This will build the library and run \fIlint\fP on the sources, putting
the output into a file named \fIlint\fP.
If anything fails to compile, you probably made a configuration error,
most likely in the ``C library differences'' section.
In particular, double-check the \fISIGHANDLER\fP and \fIxxx_STYLE\fP
parameters.
.PP
The \fIlint\fP output should be almost empty, except for a couple of
\&``possible pointer alignment problem'' warnings in \fIdbz.c\fP.
If you get much more than this, then you probably did not define
the \fIPOINTER\fP or \fISIZE_T\fP parameters properly.
The \fINEW\fP and \fIRENEW\fP macros in \fIinclude/macros.h\fP try to
capture all the alignment problems associated with dynamic memory allocation.
Also double-check the \fIALIGNPTR\fP parameter and the \fICAST\fP macro in
\fIinclude/macros.h\fP.
.PP
If \fIlint\fP reports any other problems, you should take the time to
investigate them.
Note that many \fIlint\fP libraries have errors.
Also, you may get some problems in \fIyaccpar\fP in \fIparsedate.y\fP; these
are most likely in the \fIyacc\fP-generated C code.
If you get any of these, complain to your vendor.
.PP
If you find a portability issue that I missed, please let me know.
.PP
Once the library is built, you should install it in the top-level INN
directory.
To do this type ``make\ install'' while still in the \fIlib\fP directory.
This will also compile a \fIlint\fP library for use in linting the programs
in the other directories.
.PP
Note that any time a change is made to the library you must do
\&``make\ install''; it is not enough to type ``make\ libinn.a''.
This is a deliberate decision \(em like a program, compiling a library
is different from making it available for others to use, and installing
a library should make it possible to run \fIlint\fP against it.
.NH 2
Compiling the Programs
.PP
INN's programs are separated into six areas, as detailed in the roadmap.
You'll need to build each one before you can install and use INN.
.NH 3
The Frontend Programs
.PP
Frontends are those programs that talk to the main news server, either
offering it articles or controlling its action.
This includes the following programs:
.IP \fIinews\fP 15
The program that validates and prepares news articles and gives them to
\fIinnd\fP.
This is mostly used by users (usually indirectly, through programs like
\fIPnews\fP), but also through special facilities such as news/mail
gateways.
.IP \fIrnews\fP 15
Unpacks news batches from UUCP sites and offers them to \fIinnd\fP.
.IP \fIctlinnd\fP 15
This program controls \fIinnd\fP, directing it to do most of the
tasks a news administrator will have to do:  create newsgroups,
update newsfeeds, and the like.
.PP
To build these programs, type the following:
.DS
cd $inn/frontends
make all
.DE
.NH 3
Innd
.PP
The next program is the main news server, which includes the following
programs:
.IP \fIinnd\fP 15
\fIInnd\fP accepts all incoming NNTP connections and either processes
their traffic or hands them off to the NNTP ``newsreader'' server.
It accepts articles, files them, and queues them so that they can be
sent to downstream feeds.
\fIInnd\fP listens on the official NNTP port.
On most systems only root can do this.
\fIInnd\fP is careful to set the modes of any files it creates, as well as
the privileges of any processes it spawns.
.IP \fIinndstart\fP 15
Sites that are concerned about large root-access programs may wish
to install \fIinndstart\fP.
This program opens the port, changes its user and group ID to be that
of the news administrator, and then \fIexec\fP's \fIinnd\fP with the
open port.
It also sets up a secure execution environment.
It is a small program (about 100 lines) that is easily understood.
You should use it because \fIinnd\fP will run faster because it won't
have to make any \fIchown\fP system calls.
If you make \fIinndstart\fP setuid root then no news maintenance has to
be done as root.
.PP
To build these, type the following:
.DS
cd $inn/innd
make all
.DE
.PP
Note that \fIinnd\fP handles the filing and distribution of certain messages
differently from other systems.
For example, you can have newsgroups within ``control'' for the
different types of control messages.
See \fIinnd.8\fP, \fInewsfeeds.5\fP, and \fIactive.5\fP in the \fIdoc\fP
directory for details.
.NH 3
The NetNews Reading Daemon
.PP
\fIInnd\fP implements a subset of the NNTP protocol \(em only those commands
that are needed for peer sites to feed news articles.
You must install \fInnrpd\fP to allow users to read news.
If a connection comes in from a host that is not a specified feed,
then an \fInnrpd\fP process is spawned to handle it.
(You can debug \fInnrpd\fP by running it interactively; put an entry for
the host named ``stdin'' in your \fInnrp.access\fP file.)
.PP
Build the newsreader server by doing the following:
.DS
cd $inn/nnrpd
make all
.DE
Note that if users on a peer machine (one that feeds you news) want to
read news from your server, then you have two choices.
You can use \fInntpd\fP from the reference platform (See Appendix II)
and make sure not to list the peer in your \fInntp.access\fP file.
The other choice is to relink the reading software on the other machine
with the INN library so that it uses the ``mode reader'' NNTP command
extension.
.NH 3
The Backend Programs
.PP
The backend programs take articles that \fIinnd\fP received and offer them
to your news neighbors.
This includes the following programs:
.IP \fIarchive\fP 15
A simple program to archive news articles.
.IP \fIbatcher\fP 15
Collects articles into batches for UUCP delivery.
.IP \fIbuffchan\fP 15
A program to split a single \fIinnd\fP stream into separate files.
It can buffer data, flushing files based on command-line switches.
.IP \fIcvtbatch\fP 15
A program to turn a file list into an INN batchfile.
A transition aide that is only documented in the source.
.IP \fIfilechan\fP 15
Another program to split a single \fIinnd\fP stream into separate files.
It is system-call intensive, but requires no locking protocol.
.IP \fIinnxmit\fP 15
A replacement for \fInntpxmit\fP from the reference implementation.
It reads a file containing a list of articles, and sends them to a host.
.IP \fInntpget\fP 15
A program to retrieve articles from a remote site.
.IP \fIshlock\fP 15
A program to provide a locking protocol for shell scripts.
.IP \fIshrinkfile\fP 15
A program to shrink a file by removing lines from the beginning.
It is useful for purging backlogged batchfiles.
.IP \fIsys2nf\fP 15
A program to turn a B or C News \fIsys\fP file into an INN \fInewsfeeds\fP
file.
This is a transition aide that is only documented in the source.
.PP
To build this set of programs, type the following:
.DS
cd $inn/backends
make all
.DE
.NH 3
Expire
.PP
This directory includes programs to modify the history database
as well as some utilities that might be useful in this task.
The database is called the \fIhistory\fP file, and it contains one
line for every article on the system, specifying when it was received
and where it was filed.
This file is indexed by the Message-ID, and the DBZ package provides fast
retrieval from it.
.IP \fIconvdate\fP 15
Converts between user-readable dates and the format used in the history file.
.IP \fIexpire\fP 15
Scans the history database to purge old entries, and remove old articles
from the spool area.
You can specify how long to keep sets of newsgroups.
.IP \fImakeactive\fP 15
This program can be used to rebuild the \fIactive\fP file if it is
lost in a crash.
.IP \fImakehistory\fP 15
This program scans through the spool area and rebuilds the history files.
.IP \fInewsrequeue\fP 15
This program can be used after a crash to resend articles to your neighbors.
.IP \fIprunehistory\fP 15
This is a tool for other programs that expire news.
It reads a list of Message-ID's and filenames, and updates the history
file to mark that the files have been deleted.
.PP
This directory also includes \fIexpire.pch\fP and \fIreap.pch\fP.
The first is a patch to the C News expire program that lets it cooperate
better with \fIinnd\fP, sending it messages when articles have been removed.
The second is a set of patches to the \fIreap\fP program that lets it
cooperate with \fIprunehistory\fP; it also adds some other useful features.
Both patch files have additional information in them.
Both programs are unsupported, provided by members of the beta-test group.
.PP
To build these programs, type the following:
.DS
cd $inn/expire
make all
.DE
.PP
If you are currently running C News, note that it has a directory named
\fIexpire\fP that is often the same pathname as INN's \fIexpire\fP program.
You will have to move, or remove, the directory before you can intall
the INN program.