install.ms

早期freebsd实现

If you need to link in other libraries (e.g., \fI\-lnet\fP) put them
on the \fILIBS\fP line.
.\".PP
.\"INN can be built with Conor Cahill's ``debug_malloc'' package.
.\"Add ``-D_DEBUG_MALLOC_INC\ -Ixxx'' to the \fIDEFS\fP line, where \fIxxx\fP
.\"is the path to the debug package.
.\"You will also have to add the appropriate ``libdbmalloc'' value to the
.\"\fILIBS\fP parameter.
.PP
The Makefiles usually filter all \fIlint\fP output through a \fIsed\fP
script.
If you are very paranoid, set \fILINTFILTER\fP to \fIcat\fP.
If your lint output is in the broken multi-line format:
.DS
value type declared inconsistently
    exit        llib-lc(297) :: test.c(7)
function returns value which is always ignored
    printf
.DE
Then set \fILINTFILTER\fP to be the ``sedf.sysv'' line.
.PP
The \fIlib\fP directory also builds a \fIlint\fP library, so that
you can make sure the other programs are properly using the library
routines.
The \fILINTLIBSTYLE\fP parameter (used in \fIlib/Makefile\fP and
\fIlib/makellib.sh\fP) controls how the \fIlint\fP library is built.
If your \fIlint\fP understands the ``\-C'' flag, then set it to ``BSD''.
If you need the ``\-o'' flag to build a library, then set it to ``SYSV''.
If neither of these work, you can set it to ``NONE''; this will just
create an empty file so that the other Makefiles don't break.
If you come up with a fourth alternative, let me know.
.PP
Unfortunately, on some systems \fIlint\fP is all but useless, so complain
to your vendor and take the output with a grain of salt.
You might get some warnings about ``struct\ _DDHANDLE'' being undefined.
You can ignore them and ask your vendor to support the BSD ``\-z'' lint flag.
If you set \fIHAVE_UNISTD\fP to ``DO'' then you might get warnings
about prototype mismatches for various functions declared in
\fIinclude/clibrary.h\fP.
You can ignore them or remove the lines from the INN header file.
.PP
The \fIMANPAGESTYLE\fP parameter (used in \fIdoc/Makefile\fP and
\fIdoc/putman.sh\fP) controls how manual pages are installed into your
public directory while the \fIMANx\fP parameters specify the directories
where they get installed.
If you do not want to install any manpages, set \fIMANPAGESTYLE\fP to
\fINONE\fP.
.NH 3
Logging levels
.PP
INN uses the modern \fIsyslog\fP that separates messages into both
levels and categories.
Look in your \fI<syslog.h>\fP header file for a ``LOG_NEWS'' macro,
and check your \fIsyslog\fP(3) manpage to make sure that \fIopenlog\fP
takes three arguments.
If it doesn't, then you will have to use the library routine and server
provided in the \fIsyslog\fP directory.
This is described later.
.PP
The different levels that are described in the \fIsyslog\fP(3) manpage
are confusing, so INN uses its own names for the four levels it uses:
.DS
.nf
.ta \w'L_NOTICE  'u
L_FATAL	Fatal error, about to exit
L_ERROR	Error that might require attention
L_NOTICE	Informational notice, no action needed
L_DEBUG	Protocol tracing or other debugging messages
.fi
.DE
Depending on how your \fIsyslog.conf\fP(5) file is set up, you might want
to change the \fIL_xxx\fP parameters in this section.
.PP
The \fIscanlogs\fP script assumes that the first three categories above
are each directed into separate files.
See \fIdoc/newslog.5\fP, \fIdoc/newslog.8\fP, and \fIsyslog/syslog.conf\fP
for details.
Logging is also described in more detail later.
.NH 3
Ownerships and file modes
.PP
The NNTP server needs to open the NNTP port; it is port number 119,
which requires root access.
This is the only part of INN that needs this privilege: all other programs
can run under the distinct user and group id specified by the \fINEWSUSER\fP
and \fINEWSGROUP\fP parameters.
Most news administration tasks must be done as user \fINEWSUSER\fP (see the
explanation of \fIctlinnd\fP below).
In addition, \fIinews\fP will only let the \fINEWSUSER\fP user or members of
the \fINEWSGROUP\fP group post control messages other than cancel.
.PP
Some INN scripts (primarily the control message scripts and the
daily maintenance script) need to send email to the news maintainer.
The \fINEWSMASTER\fP parameter specifies the right address.
This is most often the login name of the account which has
\fINEWSUSER\fP as its user id; use an alias to forward it to the right people.
.PP
Some Usenet sites still use the Path header line to generate their email reply
messages.
Using the Path has never been guaranteed to work, and INN tries to help
stop this practice by refusing to generate valid Path addresses.
The \fIPATHMASTER\fP parameter specifies what \fIinews\fP should put
at the tail end of the Path line.
If your \fINEWSMASTER\fP mailbox is getting cluttered, then you might
want to change this to be an alias that rejects the message or drops it
into the bit-bucket.
The default value is ``not-for-mail'' which usually results in bounced
email.
.PP
The \fIxxx_MODE\fP parameters specify the permissions for articles and
directories created within the spool area, and the active file, all of
which are owned by user id \fINEWSUSER\fP.
.NH 3
C library differences
.PP
Editing the parameters in this section will require you to look
around at the files in your \fI/usr/include\fP directory.
.PP
The \fISIZE_T\fP parameter is the datatype of the ``size'' parameters
in subroutine calls like \fImemchr\fP and \fIfread\fP.
The \fILOCK_STYLE\fP parameter specifies how file-locking should be done.
\fIInnxmit\fP is the only program that locks files; if you use the provided
scripts, this isn't even necessary, so you can set this to ``NONE'' if you
have any compile problems.
.PP
The \fIDIR_STYLE\fP parameter specifies what is returned by your
\fIreaddir\fP(3) routine.
This will be either a ``struct\ direct'' or a ``struct\ dirent'';
set the parameter to ``DIRECT'' or ``DIRENT'' as appropriate.
.PP
If you do not have
.UX -domain
sockets, set \fIHAVE_UNIX_DOMAIN\fP to ``DONT.''
This means that INN will use a named pipe for the communication
between \fIinnd\fP and \fIctlinnd\fP.
It also means that there will be no local ``private'' port for \fIrnews\fP
to use; this should not cause any problems, although it makes it
easier for anyone to use \fIrnews\fP and post fake news articles.
(You might also have to modify the \fIsyslog\fP routines; see the end of
the file \fIsyslog/README\fP for details on this.)
.PP
INN needs to know how many descriptors are available to use for files
and sockets.
There are several ways to get this number; the \fIFDCOUNT_STYLE\fP
parameter specifies which method to use.
On most systems, the \fIgetdtablesize\fP routine will do this, so
leave the default of ``GETDTAB.''
On other systems you need to use the \fIgetrlimit\fP, \fIsysconf\fP or
\fIulimit\fP routine, so set the parameter to ``GETRLIMIT'', ``SYSCONF'',
or ``ULIMIT'', respectively.
If you do not have any of those calls then set the parameter to ``CONSTANT''
and edit the file \fIlib/getdtab.c\fP to return the right number.
To get this number, look for an \fIOPEN_MAX\fP constant in your system header
files, or write a program that repeatedly opens \fI/dev/null\fP until
it gets an error.
.PP
The last few parameters in this section, \fIxxxVAL\fP, are used primarily
to keep \fIlint\fP quiet.
These functions are declared in \fIinclude/clibrary.h\fP, and the return
values are pretty much always ignored.
You can usually determine what these values should be by examining
your manpages or your \fIlint\fP libraries.
.NH 3
C library omissions
.PP
INN uses library routines that might not be present in all
.UX
systems, although they should be.
The \fIlib\fP directory provides versions of some of these routines,
including copies of the freely-redistributable BSD string routines.
The \fIMISSING_SRC\fP and \fIMISSING_MAN\fP parameters can be set to
list those routines that are missing from your C library.
If you don't have \fIstrcasecmp\fP and \fIstrncasecmp\fP then you will
need the \fIstrcasecmp\fP module built into your INN library.
Add the ``.c'' and ``.o'' names to \fIMISSING_SRC\fP and \fIMISSING_OBJ\fP,
respectively.
.PP
The following routines are all found in the file of the same name.
If they are missing from your system, add them the same way:
.DS
.ta 1.5i +1.5i
memchr	strchr	getopt
memcmp	strrchr	mkfifo
memcpy	strspn	strerror
memset	strtok
.DE
.PP
If you are using version 1 of the GNU C compiler on a Sparc running SunOS,
you should add \fIinet_ntoa\fP as a missing function.
This is because the first version of \fIgcc\fP didn't properly pass
structures into routines compiled with the Sun C compiler.
.PP
If you have an older version of \fIsyslog\fP add \fIsyslog.c\fP and
\fIsyslog.o\fP to the appropriate parameters.
.PP
Pyramid machines running OSx have fast assembly-language versions of the
string routines in the ATT library.
To use these routines, add ``$(OSXATTOBJ)'' to the \fIMISSING_OBJS\fP
parameter.
This will cause \fIlib/Makefile\fP to extract the object files from the ATT
library, and add them to the INN library.
.NH 3
Miscellaneous config data
.PP
All the parameters in this section become macros in the file
\fIinclude/configdata.h\fP.
You should at least look through the parameters up to \fIVERIFY_CANCELS\fP.
(If set to ``DO'', then \fIinnd\fP will ignore cancel messages unless
the From or Sender header match those of the original poster.)
In general, however, you can leave this section pretty much alone until you
have some experience running INN.
Nevertheless, here are some comments on some of the more useful parameters.
.PP
\fIInnd\fP can memory-map the \fIactive\fP file if you set
\fIACT_STYLE\fP to ``MMAP''.
On some systems, however, when a mapped file is updated its mtime is
not updated.
Apparently some versions of System V Release 4 have this problem.
This causes problems for programs like \fInnmaster\fP which look at the
\fIst_mtime\fP field of the \fIstat\fP structure in order to determine if
any new news has come in.
(\fINnmaster\fP is part of the \fInn\fP newsreading program.)
The best work-around is probably an hourly \fIcron\fP job that touches the
\fIactive\fP file.
.PP
There are a number of parameters that control the behavior of \fIrnews\fP.
If you set \fIRNEWS_SAVE_BAD\fP to ``DO'' then articles that \fIinnd\fP
rejects for reasons like bad headers will be saved in the \fI_PATH_BADNEWS\fP
directory; you will have to periodically scan this directory and clean
it up.
You can also control how \fIrnews\fP logs duplicates (those aren't saved
regardless of the value of \fIRNEWS_SAVE_BAD\fP), logging them through
\fIsyslog\fP, to a file, or not.
Note that if you set \fIRNEWS_LOG_DUPS\fP to ``FILE'', then you will want
to change \fI_PATH_RNEWS_DUP_LOG\fP, which appears later in the file.
If you receive news from several UUCP feeds, you might want to log duplicates
so that you can cut down your phone bills by optimizing your feeds.
The \fIRNEWSPROGS\fP parameter says whether or not to look in
\fI_PATH_NEWSPROGS\fP for commands named on the incoming ``#!'' line of
news batches.
You probably want to set this to ``DO''.
Make sure that the full pathname of \fIrnews\fP, \fI_PATH_RNEWS\fP,
does not conflict with the directory where your unpackers are put,
\fI_PATH_NEWSPROGS\fP.
.PP
If \fIIPADDR_LOG\fP is set to ``DO'' then the news log will report the IP
address of hosts that send articles, rather then what they put in the Path
line.
This can be useful if you run \fIinnd\fP with the ``\-a'' flag.
(If you do this, you might want to pick up ``hf.tar.Z'' via anonymous
FTP to ee.lbl.gov; it is a filter that turns IP addresses into host names.)
.PP
The \fIxxx_TIMEOUT\fP parameters control various timers within INN;
you might want to change some of these depending on your system load.
.NH 3
Paths to common programs
.PP
INN uses a few standard programs like \fI/bin/sh\fP and \fIsendmail\fP.
If you don't have \fIsendmail\fP then you must have a program that
accepts a full message \(em including headers \(em on its standard input,
and delivers it.
This program is specified by the \fI_PATH_SENDMAIL\fP parameter, and
is normally ``/usr/lib/sendmail\ -t''.
The parameter is actually a \fIsprintf\fP format string that will be
given the destination address as its only argument.
on some sites (e.g., those running MMDF) the ``\-t'' could be replaced
with a ``%s''.
.PP
INN puts most of its executables in the directory specified by the
\fI_PATH_NEWSBIN\fP parameter.
Some programs expect \fIinews\fP and \fIrnews\fP to be in certain places;
for example, UUCP usually wants \fIrnews\fP in \fI/bin\fP.
The default configuration puts these programs in only one spot; if you
need to have multiple links to the same file, you will have to do it
yourself after INN is installed.
If you have additional scripts and programs that you use to maintain your
system, you can put them in whatever directory you want.
You will probably need to add \fI_PATH_NEWSBIN\fP to the PATH of any
such scripts.
.PP
If you have an \fI/etc/rc.local\fP file you should make sure that
it invokes the script named by the \fI_PATH_NEWSBOOT\fP parameter.
On other systems (mostly System V derivatives), the system boot procedure
automatically runs all the scripts in a particular directory, such as
\fI/etc/init.2\fP.
In that case, you should pick a name like \fI/etc/init.2/S99news\fP and
have the news boot script installed there, or install it in the default
\fI/etc/rc.news\fP and make the link yourself.
.PP
The daily maintenance script, \fInews.daily\fP calls \fIscanlogs\fP
to rotate and trim log files, as well as generating summaries using
\fIegrep\fP and \fIawk\fP.
On some systems the log files are too big for these programs so you
might have to complain to your vendor and install the versions from
the Free Software Foundation.
The \fIscanlogs\fP script has a short test you can run to see if your
\fIegrep\fP will work.
.NH 3
Paths related to the spool directory
.PP
By default, all news articles are stored in directories under
\fI/usr/spool/news\fP.
Be careful if you pick a different value \(em many newsreaders know
about this directory name.
.PP
INN uses a trick (which I first saw in C News) that lets it use this same
directory to store its incoming news (spooled by \fIrnews\fP when
\fIinnd\fP is not available), and its outgoing batch files.
Since no newsgroup can ever have a dot in its name, a directory like
\fIout.going\fP can never be a newsgroup name, and it is safe to
put the news batchfiles in there.
This is used by the \fI_PATH_SPOOLNEWS\fP parameter, and the
\fI_PATH_BATCHDIR\fP parameter.
.PP
Do not make \fI_PATH_LOCKS\fP be in the same filesystem as
\fI_PATH_SPOOLNEWS\fP.
If you do this, then INN will not be able to create any lock files when
your spool directory is full.
This will probably mean that \fInews.daily\fP will not be able to run
and that it won't call \fIexpire\fP to free up disk space.
You should also put \fI_PATH_NEWSLIB\fP on a separate partition if you
can, but that is not as important because it tends to fill up less often.
.PP
If you change parameters in this section a great deal, then there is a chance
that the \fImakedirs.sh\fP script will fail because some needed
intermediate directories will not exist.
This should not be a problem, as you can just create the directories
yourself \(em make sure to set the ownership and modes right \(em and
re-run the script.
.NH 3
Execution paths for innd and rnews
.PP
All control messages (other then ``cancel'') are carried out by scripts.
Your system must be able to \fIexec\fP shell scripts directly.
All the scripts distributed with INN start with ``#!\ /bin/sh.''
.PP
The \fI_PATH_CONTROLPROGS\fP parameter specifies the directory where
these scripts exist.
Do not set this to a public directory like \fI/bin\fP because some bozo
might send out an ``rm'' control message.