trn.1

早期freebsd实现

(If you don't want to see this article for a while you're probably better
off using M instead of m, otherwise this article might get picked again
as the first available article sooner than you'd like.)
.Ip M 8
Mark the current article to return on newsgroup exit.
Until then, the current article will be marked as read.
This is useful for returning to an article in another session.
.Ip Y 8
Yank back the marked-to-return articles, clearing their to-return status.
If you are reading selected articles, the yanked articles come back selected.
.Ip /pattern 8
Scan forward for article containing
.I pattern
in the subject.
See the Regular Expressions section.
Together with the escape substitution facility described later, it becomes
easy to search for various attributes of the current article, such as
subject, article ID, author name, etc.
The previous pattern can be recalled with ESC.
If
.I pattern
is omitted, the previous pattern is assumed.
.Ip /pattern/f 8
Scan forward for article containing
.I pattern
in the from line.
.Ip /pattern/h 8
Scan forward for article containing
.I pattern
in the header.
.Ip /pattern/a 8
Scan forward for article containing
.I pattern
anywhere in the article.
.Ip /pattern/r 8
Scan read articles also.
.Ip /pattern/c 8
Make search case sensitive.
Ordinarily upper- and lower-case are considered the same.
.Ip "/pattern/modifiers:command{:command}" 8
Apply the commands listed to articles matching the search command (possibly
with h, a, or r modifiers).
Applicable commands include \*(L'm\*(R' (mark as unread), \*(L'M\*(R'
(mark as read-until-exit), \*(L'j\*(R' (mark as read), \*(L"s dest\*(R"
(save to a destination), \*(L"e dir\*(R" (extract to directory),
\&\*(L"!command\*(R" (shell escape), \*(L"=\*(R" (print the subject),
\&\*(L'+\*(R' (select the article), \*(L'-\*(R' deselect the article,
\&\*(L'T+\*(R' (auto-select the entire thread), \*(L'Tj\*(R'
(auto-junk the entire thread), \*(L"++\*(R" (select the associated thread),
\&\*(L"--\*(R" deselect the associated thread), and \*(L'C\*(R' (cancel).
If the first command is \*(L'm\*(R' or \*(L'M\*(R', modifier r is assumed.
A K may be included in the modifiers (not the commands) to cause the
entire command (sans K) to be saved to the local KILL file, where it will
be applied to every article that shows up in the newsgroup.
.Sp
For example, to save all articles in a given newsgroup to the line printer
and mark them read, use \*(L"/^/\||\|lpr:j\*(R".
If you type \*(L"/^/K\||\|lpr:j\*(R", this will happen every time you enter the
newsgroup.
.Ip ?pattern 8
Scan backward for article containing
.I pattern
in the subject.
May be modified as the forward search is: ?pattern?modifiers[:commands].
It is likely that you will want an r modifier when scanning backward.
.Ip k 8
Mark as read all articles with the same subject as the current article.
(Note: there is no single character command to temporarily mark as read (M
command) articles matching the current subject.
That can be done with \*(L"/<ESC>s/M\*(R", however.)
.Ip \, 8
Mark the current article and all its replies as read.
.Ip J 8
Junk all the articles in the current thread, even if it contains multiple
subjects.
.Ip A 8
Add a subject-search command to the memorized list for this group (in the
KILL file).
You are prompted to choose selection (+), junking (j),
selection including all replies (.) or junking including all replies (,).
.Ip K 8
This is a synonym for the command \*(L"Aj\*(R" which adds a command to
junk the current subject to the memorized commands for the group.
See also the K modifier on searches above.
.Ip T 8
Add a thread-oriented command to the memorized list for this group.
You are prompted to choose selection of entire thread (+), junking of
entire thread (j), selection of an article and its replies (.), junking
of an article and its replies (,), clearing the auto-selection/junking
for this thread (c), or clearing the auto-selection/junking for an article
and its replies (C).
.Ip ^K 8
Edit the local list of memorized commands (a.\|k.\|a. a KILL file) for this
newsgroup.
Each line of the KILL file is either a subject-affecting command of the
form /pattern/x or a thread-affecting command of the form <message-id> Tx.
The first line in the KILL file has the form \*(L"THRU <number>\*(R",
which tells
.I trn
the maximum article number that the KILL file has been applied to.
The THRU value is usually only used to keep header or article searches
from happening multiple times.
Subject and from-line searches are quite fast if the group has cached data
around (e.\|g. a .\|thread or .\|overview file).
If it doesn't, the THRU line is used to set a lower boundary on the
search to keep the startup time as short as possible.
If trn skipped some selections (or you're not sure), wait for the group to
finish being cached (e.\|g. visiting the selector forces the caching of
all unread articles), quit the group, and re-enter.
.Sp
To see only newgroup articles in the control newsgroup, for instance, you
might include the line
.Sp
/newgroup/:+
.Sp
which selects all subjects containing \*(L"newgroup\*(R".
You can add lines automatically via the A and T commands as well as the
K search modifier, but editing is the only way to remove subject commands
(thread commands die automatically as the thread dies).
If either of the environment variables VISUAL or EDITOR is set, the
specified editor will be invoked; otherwise a default editor (normally vi)
is invoked on the KILL file.
.Sp
The KILL file may also contain switch-setting lines beginning with \*(L'&\*(R'.
Additionally, any line beginning with \*(L'X\*(R' is executed on exit
from the newsgroup rather than on entrance.
This can be used to set switches back to a default value.
One use for this capability is to set your save directory to a custom value
upon entry to a newsgroup and set it back on exit using the \-ESAVEDIR option.
See also the
.B \-/
option for another solution to multiple save directories without using KILL
files.
.Ip r 8
Reply through net mail.
The environment variables MAILPOSTER and MAILHEADER may be used to modify
the mailing behavior of
.I trn
(see the environment section).
If the current article does not exist (such as the \*(L"End of newsgroup\*(R"
pseudo-article you can get to with a \*(L'$\*(R' command), invokes the mailer
to nobody in particular.
.Ip R 8
Reply, including the current article in the header file generated.
(See \*(L'F\*(R' command below).
The YOUSAID environment variable controls the format of the attribution line.
.Ip f 8
Submit a follow-up article.
If the current article does not exist (such as the \*(L"End of newsgroup\*(R"
pseudo-article you can get to with a \*(L'$\*(R' command), posts an original
(root) article.
.Ip F 8
Submit a follow-up article, and include the old article, with lines prefixed
either by \*(L">\*(R" or by the argument to the
.B \-F
switch.
.I Trn
will attempt to provide an attribution line in front of the quoted article,
generated from the From: line of the article.
Unfortunately, the From: line doesn't always contain the right name; you
should double check it against the signature and change it if necessary,
or you may have to apologize for quoting the wrong person.
The environment variables NEWSPOSTER, NEWSHEADER and ATTRIBUTION may be
used to modify the posting behavior of
.I trn
(see environment section).
.Ip C 8
Cancel the current article, but only if you are the contributor or superuser.
.Ip z 8
Supersede the current article, but only if you are the contributor.
.Ip Z 8
Same as the \*(L'z\*(R' command, but you start with a copy of the
original article to work with.
.Ip c 8
Catch up in this newsgroup; i.\|e., mark all articles as read.
.Ip U 8
Mark some or all articles as unread.
You can choose to mark the current thread, sub-thread (the current article
and its replies), all the articles, or start up the selector
to choose specific articles to set unread.
.Ip u 8
Unsubscribe from this newsgroup.
.Ip "s destination" 8
Save to a filename or pipe using sh.
If the first character of the destination is a vertical bar, the rest of
the command is considered a shell command to which the article is passed
through standard input.
The command is subject to filename expansion.
(See also the environment variable PIPESAVER.)
If the destination does not begin with a vertical bar, the rest of the
command is assumed to be a filename of some sort.
An initial tilde \*(L'~\*(R' will be translated to the name of the home
directory, and an initial environment variable substitution is also allowed.
If only a directory name is specified, the environment variable SAVENAME
is used to generate the actual name.
If a non-absolute filename is specified, the environment variable
SAVEDIR will be used to generate the actual directory.
If nothing is specified, then obviously both variables will be used.
Since the current directory for
.I trn
while doing a save command is your
private news directory, typing \*(L"s ./filename\*(R" will force the file
to your news directory.
Save commands are also run through % interpretation, so that you can
enter \*(L"s %O/filename\*(R" to save to the directory you were in when you ran
.IR trn ,
and \*(L"s %t\*(R" to save to a filename consisting of the Internet address
of the sender.
.Sp
After generating the full pathname of the file to save to,
.I trn
determines if the file exists already, and if so, appends to it.
.I trn
will attempt to determine if an existing file is a mailbox or a normal file,
and save the article in the same format.
If the output file does not yet exist,
.I trn
will by default ask you which format you want, or you can make it skip the
question with either the
.B \-M
or
.B \-N
switch.
If the article is to be saved in mailbox format, the command to do so is
generated from the environment variable MBOXSAVER.
Otherwise, NORMSAVER is used.
.Ip "S destination" 8
Save to a filename or pipe using a preferred shell, such as csh.
Which shell is used depends first on what you have the environment variable
SHELL set to, and in the absence of that, on what your news administrator
set for the preferred shell when he or she installed
.IR trn .
.Ip "| command" 8
Shorthand for \*(L"s | command\*(R".
.Ip "w destination" 8
The same as \*(L"s destination\*(R", but saves without the header.
.Ip "W destination" 8
The same as \*(L"S destination\*(R", but saves without the header.
.Ip "e directory" 8
Extract a shell archive or uuencoded binary to the designated directory.
The article is first scanned to try discover what type of data is
encapsulated.
If a \*(L"cut here\*(R" line is found, the first non-blank line after it
must be either the start of a shar header, or the \*(L"begin\*(R"
or \*(L"table\*(R" line of a uuencoded binary.
The default for extracting shars is to send the data portion of the file
to /bin/sh, but that can be overridden with the UNSHAR variable (see the
ENVIRONMENT section).
Uudecoding is done internally by a decoder that can handle the data
being split up over multiple articles, and extracted one piece at a time.
To decode a multi-article file, either execute the \*(L'e\*(R'
command in each article in sequence, use an article range to execute the
command, or use the \*(L":e\*(R" command to repeat the command for each of the
currently selected articles.
When the \*(L'e\*(R' command is not followed by any arguments, it will
repeat the arguments from the last extraction.
All directory specifications are relative to the value of SAVEDIR, so you
can use the command \*(L"e .\*(R" to force an extraction to SAVEDIR itself.
If a uudecoding is in progress (i.\|e. the last piece wasn't extracted yet)
and you exit the group, the partial file will be removed.
This also occurs if you start to extract a new uuencoded file before the
previous one was finished.
See also the \*(L'E\*(R' command for ending a multi-part uudecoding
manually.
.Sp
There is one special case that is handled differently: if the first file in a
recognizable shar file is a uuencoded binary that was packed with lines
starting with an \*(L'X\*(R', we will not unshar the file but instead
uudecode it.
If this causes problems, you can override the default extraction method
by following the directory with an explicit command to execute, as
described below.
.Ip "e directory|command" 8
This form of the \*(L'e\*(R' command allows you to extract other data
formats than shar or uuencoded files or to override the decisions made
by the automatic extraction selection described above.
In normal operation, all data following what we recognize as
a \*(L"cut here\*(R" line will be sent to the specified command.
Additionally, the distinctive beginning of a shell archive is also recognized
without a preceding cut line.
When the command is run, the default directory will be set to the
specified directory, or the value
of SAVEDIR if unspecified.
Entering the \*(L'e\*(R' command without arguments will repeat your
previous extract command.
You can use the command \*(L"e dir|\*(R" to extract to a new directory
using the previously-specified command.
.Ip E 8
This command ends any multi-part uuencoded file extraction that you began,
but are unable (or unwilling) to complete.
The partially extracted file is removed.
.Ip & 8
Print out the current status of command-line switches.
.Ip "&switch {switch}" 8
Set additional command-line switches.
.Ip && 8
Print out current macro definitions.
.Ip "&&keys commands" 8
Define an additional macro.
.Ip !command 8
Escape to a subshell.
One exclamation mark (!) leaves you in your own news directory.
A double exclamation mark (!!) leaves you in the spool
directory of the current newsgroup.
The environment variable SHELL will be used if defined.
If
.I command
is null, an interactive shell is started.
.Sp
You can use escape key substitutions described later to get to many
run-time values.
The command is also run through % interpretation, in case it is being called
from a range or search command.
.Ip \+ 8
Start the selector in the last-used mode.
If the newsgroup is unthreaded and the default selector mode is threads,
we temporarily switch to subject selection unless manually overridden.
.Ip _a 8
Start the selector in article mode.
.Ip _s 8
Start the selector in subject mode.
.Ip _t 8
Start the selector in thread mode.
.Ip _T 8
Start the selector in thread mode unless the group isn't threaded, in
which case we settle for the subject selector.
.Ip = 8
List subjects of unread articles.
.Ip # 8
Print last article number.
.Ip _+ 8
Select the entire thread associated with the current article.
.Ip _- 8
Deselect the entire thread associated with the current article.
.Sh "Pager Level"
At the pager level (within an article), the prompt looks like this:
.Sp
\*(--MORE\*(--(17%)
.Sp
and a number of commands may be given:
.Ip SP 8
Display next page.
.Ip x 8
Display next page and decrypt as a rot13 message.
.Ip d 8
Display half a page more.
.Ip CR 8
Display one more line.
.Ip q 8
Go to the end of the current article (don't mark it either read or unread).