trn.1

早期freebsd实现

.\" $Id: trn.1,v 3.0 1992/12/14 00:14:10 davison Trn $
.\" 
.\" This software is Copyright 1991 by Stan Barber. 
.\"
.\" Permission is hereby granted to copy, reproduce, redistribute or otherwise
.\" use this software as long as: there is no monetary profit gained
.\" specifically from the use or reproduction of this software, it is not
.\" sold, rented, traded or otherwise marketed, and this copyright notice is
.\" included prominently in any copy made. 
.\"
.\" The author make no claims as to the fitness or correctness of this software
.\" for any use whatsoever, and it is provided as is. Any use of this software
.\" is at the user's own risk. 
.\" 
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.TH TRN 1 LOCAL
.UC 6
.SH NAME
trn - threaded read news program
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B trn [options] [newsgroups]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Trn
is a threaded version of
.I rn,
which is a replacement for the readnews(1) program.
Being \*(L"threaded\*(R" means that the articles are interconnected
in reply order.
Each discussion thread is a tree of articles where all the
reply (child) articles branch off from their respective originating
(parent) articles.
A representation of this tree (or a portion of it) is displayed in the
article header as you are reading news.
This gives you a better feel for how all the articles are related, and
even lets you see at a glance when an article has replies \*(-- a good
thing to check before posting.
In addition,
.I trn
has an thread selector that allows you to quickly browse through a
list of subjects and choose the ones you find interesting.
This thread selector can be sorted by in a variety of orders and switched
into various display modes that allows you to pick all the subjects
separately (threads can have multiple subjects) or even pick individual
articles.
Any items you don't select can be saved for reading later or
marked as read with a single keystroke.
.PP
If you are already familiar with
.I trn
you may just want to read the
.IR "WHAT'S NEW" 
section.
People upgrading from
.I rn
will probably want to pay attention to the sections on
.IR "The Selector" ,
.IR "The Tree Display" ,
and the aforementioned
.IR "WHAT'S NEW" .
If you're impatient, just dive in and get started.
All the regular commands will be familiar to an
.I rn
or
.I trn
user, and the on-line help will give you a quick run-down of what commands
are available (just type \*(L'h\*(R' from any prompt).
I'd also suggest using the command:
.Sp
    trn \-x \-X
.Sp
to make sure some of the best features are turned on.
.Sh "Starting Trn"
If no newsgroups are specified, all the newsgroups which have unread news
will be presented to the user in the order in which they occur in the
.I .newsrc
file.
At the prompt for each group you can choose to read it, skip it, move it,
etc.
If a list of newsgroups is provided on the command line,
.I trn
will start up in \*(L"add\*(R" mode, using the list as a set of patterns to
add new newsgroups and restrict which newsgroups are displayed (see also
the discussion of the \*(L'a\*(R' command on the newsgroup-selection level).
.PP
.I Trn
operates on four levels: the newsgroup-selection level, the thread
selector, the article-reading level, and the paging level.
Each level has its own set of commands, and its own help menu.
At the paging level (the bottom level)
.I trn
behaves much like the
.IR more (1)
program.
At the article-reading level articles are presented to you in the
order of their replies, with the subjects being ordered by the date
of the oldest unread article (though there are commands for changing
the default display order).
In the thread selector you are presented with the subjects and
(usually) authors associated with each discussion thread, and given
a chance to choose which ones you wish to read now, save for later, or
manipulate in some way.
At the newsgroup-selection level (the top level), you may specify which
newsgroup you want next, or read them in the default order, which is the
order that the newsgroups occur in your
.I .newsrc
file.
(You will therefore want to rearrange your
.I .newsrc
file to put the most interesting newsgroups first.
This can be done with the \*(L'm\*(R' command on the Newsgroup Selection level.
WARNING: invoking readnews/vnews (the old user interface) in any way (including
as a news checker in your login sequence!) will cause your
.I .newsrc
to be disarranged again.)
.PP
On any level, at ANY prompt, help is available by typing an \*(L'h\*(R'.
This gives you a summary of available commands and what they do.
Remember this command, you'll need it.
.PP
Typing space to any question means to do the normal thing.
You will know what that is because
every prompt has a list of several plausible commands enclosed in
square brackets.
The first command in the list is the one which will be done if you type
a space.
(All input is done in cbreak mode, so carriage returns should not be typed
to terminate anything except certain multi-character commands.
Those commands will be obvious in the discussion below because they take an
argument.)
.PP
Upon startup,
.I trn
will do several things:
.Ip 1. 4
It will look for your
.I .newsrc
file, which is your list of subscribed-to
newsgroups.
If
.I trn
doesn't find a
.IR .newsrc ,
it will create one.
If it does find one, it will back it up under the name \*(L".\|oldnewsrc\*(R".
.Ip 2. 4
It will input your
.I .newsrc
file, listing out the first several newsgroups
with unread news.
.Ip 3. 4
It will perform certain consistency checks on your
.IR .newsrc .
If your
.I .newsrc
is out of date in any of several ways,
.I trn
will warn you and patch it up for you, but you may have to wait a little
longer for it to start up.
.Ip 4. 4
.I Trn
will next check to see if any new newsgroups have been created, and give
you the opportunity to add them to your
.IR .newsrc .
.Ip 5. 4
.I Trn
goes into the top prompt level \*(-- the newsgroup-selection level.
.Sh "Newsgroup Selection Level"
In this section the words \*(L"next\*(R" and \*(L"previous\*(R" refer to
the ordering of the newsgroups in your
.I .newsrc
file.
On the newsgroup-selection level, the prompt looks like this:
.Sp
====== 17 unread articles in talk.blurfl \*(-- read now? [ynq]
.Sp
unless the group is set for unthreaded reading, in which case the first
six characters are \*(L"******\*(R".
The following commands may be given at this level:
.Ip \+ 8
Enter this newsgroup through the selector.
.Ip y 8
Begin reading this newsgroup now.
.Ip SP 8
Enter the newsgroup by executing the default command listed in []'s.
.Ip .command 8
Do this newsgroup now, but execute
.I command
before displaying anything.
The command will be interpreted as if typed on the article selection level.
.Ip = 8
Start this newsgroup, but list subjects before displaying articles.
.Ip U 8
Enter this newsgroup through the \*(L"Set unread\*(R" prompt.
.Ip t 8
Toggle the newsgroup between threaded and unthreaded reading.
The default is threaded, and the current setting is stored in your .newsrc.
.Ip n 8
Go to the next newsgroup with unread news.
.Ip N 8
Go to the next newsgroup.
.Ip p 8
Go to the previous newsgroup with unread news.
If there is none, stay at the current newsgroup.
.Ip P 8
Go to the previous newsgroup.
.Ip \- 8
Go to the previously displayed newsgroup (regardless of whether it is
before or after the current one in the list).
.Ip 1 8
Go to the first newsgroup.
.Ip ^ 8
Go to the first newsgroup with unread news.
.Ip $ 8
Go to the end of the newsgroups list.
.Ip "g newsgroup" 8
Go to
.IR newsgroup ,
which can be the group's name or a zero-relative number of the groups in
your .newsrc (see the \*(L'L\*(R' command to list your .newsrc).
If it isn't currently subscribed to, you will be asked if you want to
subscribe.
.Ip "/pattern" 8
Scan forward for a newsgroup matching
.IR pattern .
Patterns do globbing like filenames, i.\|e., use ? to match a single
character, * to match any sequence of characters, and [] to specify a list
of characters to match.
(\*(L"all\*(R" may be used as a synonym for \*(L"*\*(R".)
Unlike normal filename globbing, newsgroup-searching is not anchored to
the front and back of the filename, i.\|e. \*(L"/ski\*(R" will find
rec.skiing.
You may use ^ or $ to anchor the front or back of the search:
\*(L"/^test$\*(R" will find newsgroup test and nothing else
If you want to include newsgroups with 0 unread articles, append /r.
If the newsgroup is not found between the current newsgroup and the last
newsgroup, the search will wrap around to the beginning.
.Ip "?pattern" 8
Same as /, but search backwards.
.Ip u 8
Unsubscribe from the current newsgroup.
.Ip "l string" 8
List newsgroups not subscribed to which contain the string specified.
.Ip L 8 13v
Lists the current state of the
.IR .newsrc ,
along with status information.
.Sp
.nf
    \h'|0.5i'Status    \h'|2i'Meaning
    \h'|0.5i'<number>  \h'|2i'Count of unread articles in newsgroup.
    \h'|0.5i'READ      \h'|2i'No unread articles in newsgroup.
    \h'|0.5i'UNSUB     \h'|2i'Unsubscribed newsgroup.
    \h'|0.5i'BOGUS     \h'|2i'Bogus newsgroup.
    \h'|0.5i'JUNK      \h'|2i'Ignored line in .newsrc
\h'|2i'(e.\|g. readnews \*(L"options\*(R" line).
.fi
.Sp
(A bogus newsgroup is one that is not in the list of active newsgroups
in the active file, which on most systems is /usr/lib/news/active unless
you use NNTP.)
.Ip "m {name}" 8
Move the named newsgroup somewhere else in the
.IR .newsrc .
If no name is given, the current newsgroup is moved.
There are a number of ways to specify where you want the newsgroup \*(-- type
h for help when it asks where you want to put it.
.Ip c 8
Catch up \*(-- mark all unread articles in this newsgroup as read.
.Ip A 8
Abandon the changes made to the current newsgroup since
.I trn
was started.
Useful when you accidentally mark a group as read.
.Ip "o {pattern}" 8
Only display those newsgroups whose name matches
.IR pattern .
Patterns are the same as for the \*(L'/\*(R' command.
Multiple patterns may be separated by spaces, just as on the
command line.
The restriction will remain in effect either until there are no articles
left in the restricted set of newsgroups, or another restriction command
is given.
Since
.I pattern
is optional, \*(L'o\*(R' by itself will remove the
restriction.
.Ip "a pattern" 8
Add unsubscribed newsgroups matching
.IR pattern .
If any matching newsgroups are found, you will be asked for each one whether
you would like to add it.
If you want to add all the newsgroups, you can
type \*(L'Y\*(R' and they will be added the the end of the
.I .newsrc
file.
If you don't want to subscribe, all
the remaining groups can be ignored by typing \*(L'N\*(R'.
After any new newsgroups have been added, the \*(L'a\*(R' command also
restricts the current set of newsgroups just like the \*(L'o\*(R' command
does.
.Ip & 8
Print out the current status of command-line switches and any newsgroup
restrictions.
.Ip "&switch {switch}" 8
Set additional command-line switches.
.Ip && 8
Print out the current macro definitions.
.Ip "&&keys commands" 8
Define additional macros.
.Ip !command 8
Escape to a subshell.
One exclamation mark (!) leaves you in your own news directory.
A double exclamation mark (!!) leaves you in the spool
directory for news, which is usually /usr/spool/news unless you're
using NNTP to read news.