meref.me

早期freebsd实现

[same as
.NR (ps ]
space.
Quote spacing is stored in a separate register;
centered blocks have no default initial or trailing space.
The vertical spacing of all displays except quotes
and centered blocks
is stored in register
.NR ($V
instead of
.NR ($v .
.TL
.b .(l
.i m
.i f
.DE
Begin list.
Lists are single spaced,
unfilled text.
If
.i f
is
.b F ,
the list will be filled.
If
.i m
[\c
.b I ]
is
.b I
the list is indented by
.NR (bi
[4m];
if
.b M
the list is indented to the left margin;
if
.b L
the list is left justified with respect to the text
(different from
.b M
only if the base indent
(stored in
.NR ($i
and set with
.b .ba )
is not zero);
and if
.b C
the list is centered on a line-by-line basis.
The list is set in font
.NR (df
[0].
Must be matched by a
.b .)l .
This macro is almost like
.b .(b
except that no attempt is made
to keep the display on one page.
.TL
.b .)l
.DE
End list.
.TL
.b .(q
.DE
Begin major quote.
These are single spaced,
filled,
moved in from the text
on both sides
by
.NR (qi
[4n],
preceded and followed
by
.NR (qs
[same as
.NR (bs ]
space,
and are set in point size
.NR (qp
[one point smaller than surrounding text].
.TL
.b .)q
.DE
End major quote.
.TL
.b .(b
.i m
.i f
.DE
Begin block.
Blocks are a form of
.i keep ,
where the text of a keep
is kept together on one page
if possible
(keeps are useful
for tables and figures
which should not be broken
over a page).
If the block will not fit
on the current page
a new page is begun,
.i unless
that would leave more than
.NR (bt
[0]
white space
at the bottom of the text.
If
.NR (bt
is zero, the threshold feature
is turned off.
Blocks are not filled
unless
.i f
is
.b F ,
when they are filled.
The block will be left-justified
if
.i m
is
.b L ,
indented by
.NR (bi
[4m]
if
.i m
is
.b I
or absent,
centered
(line-for-line)
if
.i m
is
.b C ,
and left justified to the margin
(not to the base indent)
if
.i m
is
.b M .
The block is set in font
.NR (df
[0].
.TL
.b .)b
.DE
End block.
.TL
.b .(z
.i m
.i f
.DE
Begin floating keep.
Like
.b .(b
except that the keep is
.i floated
to the bottom of the page
or the top of the next page.
Therefore,
its position relative to the text changes.
The floating keep is preceded and followed
by
.NR (zs
[1v]
space.
Also,
it defaults to mode
.b M .
.TL
.b .)z
.DE
End floating keep.
.TL
.b .(c
.DE
Begin centered block.
The next keep
is centered as a block,
rather than on a line-by-line basis
as with
.b ".(b C" .
This call may be nested
inside keeps.
.TL
.b .)c
.DE
End centered block.
.sh 1 Annotations
.TL
.b .(d
.DE
Begin delayed text.
Everything in the next keep
is saved for output
later with
.b .pd ,
in a manner
similar to footnotes.
.TL
.b .)d
.i n
.DE
End delayed text.
The delayed text number register
.NR ($d
and the associated string
.ST #
are incremented if
.ST #
has been referenced.
.TL
.b .pd
.DE
Print delayed text.
Everything diverted via
.b .(d
is printed and truncated.
This might be used
at the end of each chapter.
.TL
.b .(f
.DE
Begin footnote.
The text of the footnote
is floated to the bottom
of the page
and set in font
.NR (ff
[1]
and size
.NR (fp
[8p].
Each entry
is preceded by
.NR (fs
[0.2v]
space,
is indented
.NR (fi
[3n]
on the first line,
and is indented
.NR (fu
[0]
from the right margin.
Footnotes line up underneath
two column output.
If the text of the footnote
will not all fit on one page
it will be carried over
to the next page.
.TL
.b .)f
.i n
.DE
End footnote.
The number register
.NR ($f
and the associated string
.ST *
are incremented
if they have been referenced.
.TL
.b .$s
.DE
The macro to output the footnote separator.
This macro may be redefined
to give other size lines or other types
of separators.
Currently
it draws a 1.5i line.
.TL
.b .(x
.i x
.DE
Begin index entry.
Index entries are saved in the index
.i x
[\c
.b x ]
until called up with
.b .xp.
Each entry is preceded
by a
.NR (xs
[0.2v]
space.
Each entry is
.q undented
by
.NR (xu
[0.5i];
this register tells how far the page number
extends into the right margin.
.TL
.b .)x
.i P
.i A
.DE
End index entry.
The index entry
is finished with a row of dots
with
.i A
[null]
right justified on the last line
(such as for an author's name),
followed by P
[\c
.NR % ].
If
.i A
is specified,
.i P
must be specified;
.NR %
can be used to print the current page number.
If
.i P
is an underscore,
no page number
and no row of dots
are printed.
.TL
.b .xp
.i x
.DE
Print index
.i x
[\c
.b x ].
The index is formatted in the font, size, and so forth
in effect at the time it is printed,
rather than at the time it is collected.
.sh 1 "Columned Output"
.TL
.b .2c
.i +S
.i N
.DE
Enter two-column mode.
The column separation is set to
.i +S
[4n, 0.5i in ACM mode]
(saved in
.NR ($s ).
The column width,
calculated to fill the single column line length
with both columns,
is stored in
.NR ($l .
The current column
is in
.NR ($c .
You can test register
.NR ($m
[1]
to see if you are in single column
or double column mode.
Actually,
the request enters
.i N
[2]
column output.
.TL
.b .1c
.DE
Revert to single-column mode.
.TL
.b .bc
.DE
Begin column.
This is like
.b .bp
except that it begins a new column
on a new page
only if necessary,
rather than forcing a whole new page
if there is another column left
on the current page.
.sh 1 "Fonts and Sizes"
.TL
.b .sz
.i +P
.DE
The pointsize is set to
.i P
[10p],
and the line spacing is set proportionally.
The line spacing as a percentage of the pointsize expressed in units
is stored in
.NR ($v .
The percentage used internally
by displays and annotations
is stored in
.NR ($V
(although this is not used by
.b .sz ).
This size is
.i not
sticky beyond many macros:
in particular,
.NR (pp
(paragraph pointsize)
modifies the pointsize every time a new paragraph is begun
using the
.b \&.pp ,
.b \&.lp ,
.b \&.ip ,
.b \&.np ,
or
.b \&.bu
macros.
Also,
.NR (fp
(footnote pointsize),
.NR (qp
(quote pointsize),
.NR (sp
(section header pointsize),
and
.NR (tp
(title pointsize)
may modify the pointsize.
.TL
.b .r
.i W
.i X
.DE
Set
.i W
in roman font,
appending
.i X
in the previous font.
To append different font requests,
use
.i X
=
.b \ec .
If no parameters,
change to roman font.
.TL
.b .i
.i W
.i X
.DE
Set
.i W
in italics,
appending
.i X
in the previous font.
If no parameters,
change to italic font.
.TL
.b .b
.i W
.i X
.DE
Set
.i W
in bold font
and append
.i X
in the previous font.
If no parameters,
switch to bold font.
.TL
.b .u
.i W
.i X
.DE
Underline
.i W
and append
.i X .
This is a true underlining,
as opposed to the
.b .ul
request,
which changes to
.q "underline font"
(usually italics in \*G).
It won't work right
if
.i W
is spread or broken (including hyphenated).
In other words,
it is safe in nofill mode only.
.TL
.b .q
.i W
.i X
.DE
Quote
.i W
and append
.i X .
In \*G
this surrounds
.i W
with
.b \*(lq ,
and
.b \*(rq .
.TL
.b .bi
.i W
.i X
.DE
Set
.i W
in bold italics
and append
.i X .
.TL
.b .bx
.i W
.i X
.DE
Sets
.i W
in a box,
with
.i X
appended.
It won't work right
if
.i W
is spread or broken (including hyphenated).
In other words,
it is safe in nofill mode only.
.TL
.b sm
.i W
.i X
.DE
Sets
.i W
in a smaller pointsize,
with
.i X
appended.
.sh 1 "Roff Support"
.TL
.b .ix
.i +N
.DE
Indent,
no break.
Equivalent to
.b \(aain
.i N .
.TL
.b .bl
.i N
.DE
Leave
.i N
contiguous white space,
on the next page if not enough room
on this page.
Equivalent to a
.b .sp
.i N
inside a block.
.TL
.b .pa
.i +N
.DE
Equivalent to
.b .bp .
.TL
.b .ro
.DE
Set page number
in roman numerals.
Equivalent to
.b ".af % i" .
.TL
.b .ar
.DE
Set page number in Arabic.
Equivalent to
.b ".af % 1" .
.TL
.b .n1
.DE
Number lines in margin from one
on each page.
.TL
.b .n2
.i N
.DE
Number lines from
.i N ,
stop if
.i N
= 0.
.TL
.b .sk
.DE
Leave the next output page blank,
except for headers and footers.
This is used to leave space
for a full-page diagram
which is produced externally
and pasted in later.
To get a partial-page paste-in display,
say
.b .sv \ \c
.i N ,
where
.i N
is the amount of space
to leave;
this space will be output immediately
if there is room,
and will otherwise be output
at the top of the next page.
However, be warned:
if
.i N
is greater than the amount of available space
on an empty page,
no space will ever be output.
.sh 1 "Preprocessor Support"
.TL
.b .EQ
.i m
.i T
.DE
Begin equation.
The equation is centered
if
.i m
is
.b C
or omitted,
indented
.NR (bi
[4m]
if
.i m
is
.b I ,
and left justified if
.i m
is
.b L .
.i T
is a title printed on the right margin
next to the equation.
See
.i "Typesetting Mathematics \- User's Guide"
by Brian W. Kernighan
and Lorinda L. Cherry.
.TL
.b .EN
.i c
.DE
End equation.
If
.i c
is
.b C
the equation must be continued
by immediately following
with another
.b .EQ ,
the text of which
can be centered
along with this one.
Otherwise,
the equation is printed,
always on one page,
with
.NR (es
[0.5v]
space
above and below it.
.TL
.b .TS
.i h
.DE
Table start.
Tables are single spaced
and kept on one page
if possible.
If you have a large table
which will not fit on one page,
use
.i h
=
.b H
and follow the header part
(to be printed on every page of the table)
with a
.b .TH .
See
.i "Tbl \- A Program to Format Tables"
by M. E. Lesk.
.TL
.b .TH
.DE
With
.b ".TS H" ,
ends the header portion of the table.
.TL
.b .TE
.DE
Table end.
Note that this table
does not float,
in fact,
it is not even guaranteed to stay on one page
if you use requests such as
.b .sp
intermixed with the text
of the table.
If you want it to float
(or if you use requests
inside the table),
surround the entire table