meref.me

早期freebsd实现

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.\"	@(#)ref.me	6.4 (Berkeley) 7/17/89
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.\"sc
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.\"oh '\-me Reference Manual''USD:23-%'
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.ce 20
.sz 14
.b "\-ME REFERENCE MANUAL"
.sz
.sp
.i "\*G Version \*(MO\(dg"
.(f
\(dgBased on Berkeley Release 2.31.
.)f
.sp 2
.ul
Eric P. Allman*
.(f
*Author's current address:
Britton Lee, Inc.,
1919 Addison Suite 105,
Berkeley, California 94704.
.)f
.sp
Project INGRES
Electronics Research Laboratory
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, California  94720
.sp 2
.i "Modified for \*G by James Clark"
.ce 0
.sp 4
.pp
This document describes
in extremely terse form
the features
of the
.b \-me
macro package
for \*G.
Some familiarity is assumed
with
\*G.
Specifically,
the reader should understand
breaks,
fonts,
pointsizes,
the use and definition of number registers
and strings,
how to define macros,
and scaling factors for ens, points,
.b v 's
(vertical line spaces),
etc.
.pp
For a more casual introduction
to text processing
using \*G,
refer to the document
.ul
Writing Papers with \*G using \-me.
.pp
There are a number of macro parameters
that may be adjusted.
Fonts may be set to a font number only.
Font 0 is no font change;
the font of the surrounding text
is used instead.
Notice that font 0 is a
.q pseudo-font ;
that is,
it is simulated by the macros.
This means that although it is legal to set a font register
to zero,
it is not legal to use the escape character form,
such as:
.(b
\ef0
.)b
.pp
All distances
are in basic units,
so it is nearly always necessary
to use a scaling factor.
For example,
the request
to set the paragraph indent
to eight one-en spaces is:
.(b
\&.nr pi 8n
.)b
and not
.(b
\&.nr pi 8
.)b
which would set the paragraph indent to eight basic units,
or about 0.02 inch.
Default parameter values are given in brackets
in the remainder of this document.
.pp
Registers and strings
of the form
.b $ \c
.i x
may be used in expressions
but should not be changed.
Macros of the form
.b $ \c
.i x
perform some function
(as described)
and may be redefined
to change this function.
This may be a sensitive operation;
look at the body of the original macro
before changing it.
.pp
All names in \-me
follow a rigid naming convention.
The user may define number registers,
strings,
and macros,
provided that s/he
uses single character upper case names
or double character names
consisting of letters and digits,
with at least one upper case letter.
In no case should special characters
be used in user-defined names.
Locally defined macros
should all be of the form
.b .* \c
.i X ,
where
.i X
is any letter
(upper or lower case)
or digit.
.pp
This documentation was \*G'ed
on \*(td
and applies to \*G version
\*(MO
of the \-me macros.
.sh 1 "Paragraphing"
.pp
These macros are used
to begin paragraphs.
The standard paragraph macro
is
.b .pp ;
the others are all variants
to be used for special purposes.
.pp
After the first call to one of the paragraphing macros
defined in this section
or the
.b .sh
macro
(defined in the next session),
the effects of changing parameters
which will have a global effect
on the format of the page
(notably page length and header and footer margins)
are not well defined
and should be avoided.
.TL
.b .lp
.DE
Begin left-justified paragraph.
Centering and underlining
are turned off if they were on,
the font is set to
.NR (pf
[1]
the type size
is set to
.NR (pp
[10p],
and a
.NR (ps
space is inserted
before the paragraph
[0.35v]
The indent is reset
to
.NR ($i
[0]
plus
.NR (po
[0]
unless the paragraph
is inside a display.
(see
.b .ba ).
At least
the first two lines
of the paragraph
are kept together
on a page.
.TL
.b .pp
.DE
Like
.b .lp ,
except that it puts
.NR (pi
[5n]
units of indent.
This is the standard paragraph macro.
.TL
.b .ip
.i T
.i I
.DE
Indented paragraph
with hanging tag.
The body of the following paragraph
is indented
.i I
spaces
(or
.NR (ii
[5n]
spaces
if
.i I
is not specified)
more than a non-indented paragraph
(such as with
.b .pp )
is.
The title
.i T
is exdented (opposite of indented).
The result is a paragraph
with an even left edge
and
.i T
printed in the margin.
Any spaces in
.i T
must be unpaddable.
If
.i T
will not fit in the space provided,
.b .ip
will start a new line.
.TL
.b .np
.DE
A variant of .ip which numbers paragraphs.
Numbering is reset
after a
.b .lp ,
.b .pp ,
or
.b .sh .
The current paragraph number
is in
.NR ($p .
.TL
.b .bu
.DE
Like
.b .np
except that paragraphs are marked with bullets (\(bu).
Leading space is eliminated to create compact lists.
.sh 1 "Section Headings"
.pp
Numbered sections
are similar to paragraphs
except that a
section number
is automatically
generated for each one.
The section numbers are of the form
.b 1.2.3 .
The
.i depth
of the section
is the count of numbers
(separated by decimal points)
in the section number.
.pp
Unnumbered section headings are similar,
except that no number is attached
to the heading.
.TL
.b .sh
.i +N
.i T
.i "a b c d e f"
.DE
Begin numbered section
of depth
.i N .
If
.i N
is missing
the current depth
(maintained in
the number register
.NR ($0 )
is used.
The values of
the individual parts of the section number
are maintained in
.NR ($1
through
.NR ($6 .
There is a
.NR (ss
[1v]
space before the section.
.i T
is printed
as a section title
in font
.NR (sf
[8]
and size
.NR (sp
[10p].
The
.q name
of the section may be accessed via
.ST ($n .
If
.NR (si
is non-zero,
the base indent
is set to
.NR (si
times the section depth,
and the section title
is exdented.
(See
.b .ba .)
Also,
an additional indent of
.NR (so
[0]
is added to the section title
(but not to the body of the section).
The font is then set
to the paragraph font,
so that more information may occur
on the line
with the section number
and title.
.b .sh
insures that there is enough room
to print the section head
plus the beginning of a paragraph
(about 3 lines total).
If
.i a
through
.i f
are specified,
the section number is set to that number
rather than incremented automatically.
If any of
.i a
through
.i f
are a hyphen
that number is not reset.
If
.i T
is a single underscore
(\c
.q _ )
then the section depth and numbering is reset,
but the base indent is not reset
and nothing is printed out.
This is useful to automatically
coordinate section numbers with
chapter numbers.
.TL
.b .sx
.i +N
.DE
Go to section depth
.i N
[\c
.b \-1 ],
but do not print the number
and title,
and do not increment the section number
at level
.i N .
This has the effect
of starting a new paragraph
at level
.i N .
.TL
.b .uh
.i T
.DE
Unnumbered section heading.
The title
.i T
is printed
with the same rules for spacing,
font, etc.,
as for
.b .sh .
.TL
.b .$p
.i T
.i B
.i N
.DE
Print section heading.
May be redefined
to get fancier headings.
.i T
is the title passed on the
.b .sh
or
.b .uh
line;
.i B
is the section number for this section,
and
.i N
is the depth of this section.
These parameters are not always present;
in particular,
.b .sh
passes all three,
.b .uh
passes only the first,
and
.b .sx
passes three,
but the first two
are null strings.
Care should be taken if this macro
is redefined;
it is quite complex and subtle.
.TL
.b .$0
.i T
.i B
.i N
.DE
This macro is called automatically
after every call to
.b .$p .
It is normally undefined,
but may be used
to automatically put
every section title
into the table of contents
or for some similar function.
.i T
is the section title
for the section title which was just printed,
.i B
is the section number,
and
.i N
is the section depth.
.TL
.b .$1
\-
.b .$6
.DE
Traps called just before printing that depth section.
May be defined to
(for example)
give variable spacing
before sections.
These macros are called from
.b .$p ,
so if you redefine that macro
you may lose this feature.
.sh 1 "Headers and Footers"
.ds TP \fI\(aal\|\(aam\^\(aar\^\(aa\fP
.pp
Headers and footers
are put at the top and bottom
of every page
automatically.
They are set in font
.NR (tf
[3]
and size
.NR (tp
[10p].
Each of the definitions
apply as of the
.i next
page.
Three-part titles
must be quoted
if there are two blanks adjacent
anywhere in the title
or more than eight blanks total.
.pp
The spacing
of headers and footers
are controlled by three number registers.
.NR (hm
[4v]
is the distance from the top of the page
to the top of the header,
.NR (fm
[3v]
is the distance from the bottom of the page
to the bottom of the footer,
.NR (tm
[7v]
is the distance from the top of the page
to the top of the text,
and
.NR (bm
[6v]
is the distance from the bottom of the page
to the bottom of the text
(nominal).
The macros
.b .m1 ,
.b .m2 ,
.b .m3 ,
and
.b .m4
are also supplied for compatibility
with
\s-1ROFF\s0 documents.
.TL
.b .he
\*(TP
.DE
Define three-part header,
to be printed on the top
of every page.
.TL
.b .fo
\*(TP
.DE
Define footer,
to be printed at the bottom
of every page.
.TL
.b .eh
\*(TP
.DE
Define header,
to be printed at the top of every
even-numbered page.
.TL
.b .oh
\*(TP
.DE
Define header,
to be printed at the top of every
odd-numbered page.
.TL
.b .ef
\*(TP
.DE
Define footer,
to be printed at the bottom
of every even-numbered page.
.TL
.b .of
\*(TP
.DE
Define footer,
to be printed at the bottom
of every odd-numbered page.
.TL
.b .hx
.DE
Suppress headers and footers
on the next page.
.TL
.b .m1
.i +N
.DE
Set the space between the top of the page
and the header
[4v].
.TL
.b .m2
.i +N
.DE
Set the space between the header
and the first line of text
[2v].
.TL
.b .m3
.i +N
.DE
Set the space
between the bottom of the text
and the footer
[2v].
.TL
.b .m4
.i +N
.DE
Set the space
between the footer
and the bottom of the page
[4v].
.TL
.b .ep
.DE
End this page,
but do not begin the next page.
Useful for forcing out footnotes,
but other than
that hardly every used.
Must be followed by a
.b .bp
or the end of input.
.TL
.b .$h
.DE
Called at every page
to print the header.
May be redefined
to provide fancy
(e.g.,
multi-line)
headers,
but doing so
loses the function of the
.b .he ,
.b .fo ,
.b .eh ,
.b .oh ,
.b .ef ,
and
.b .of
requests,
as well as the chapter-style title feature
of
.b .+c .
.TL
.b .$f
.DE
Print footer;
same comments apply
as in
.b .$h .
.TL
.b .$H
.DE
A normally undefined macro
which is called
at the top of each page
(after putting out
the header,
initial saved floating keeps,
etc.);
in other words,
this macro is called immediately before
printing text
on a page.
It can be used for column headings
and the like.
.sh 1 "Displays"
.pp
All displays except centered blocks
and block quotes
are preceded and followed
by an extra
.NR (bs