paper.ps

早期freebsd实现

(ers)-.1 E F1 -.37(rc)72 376.8 S(s).37 E F0(change RCS \214le attrib)123.37
376.8 Q(utes)-.2 E F1 -.37(rc)72 388.8 S(sclean).37 E F0(remo)123.37 388.8 Q .3
-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nchanged w).15 E(orking \214les \(optional\))-.1 E F1 -.37(rc)
72 400.8 S(sdif).37 E(f)-.18 E F0(compare re)123.37 400.8 Q(visions)-.25 E F1
-.37(rc)72 412.8 S(sfr).37 E(eeze)-.37 E F0
(record a con\214guration \(optional\))123.37 412.8 Q F1 -.37(rc)72 424.8 S
(smer).37 E -.1(ge)-.37 G F0(mer)123.37 424.8 Q(ge re)-.18 E(visions)-.25 E F1
(rlo)72 436.8 Q(g)-.1 E F0
(read log messages and other information in RCS \214les)123.37 436.8 Q 2.5(As)
72 454.8 S(ynopsis of these commands appears in the Appendix.)85.61 454.8 Q/F2
10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(2.1. A)72 478.8 R(utomatic Identi\214cation)-.5 E F0
.728(RCS can stamp source and object code with special identi\214cation string\
s, similar to product and serial num-)97 494.4 R 2.5(bers. T)72 506.4 R 2.5(oo)
-.8 G(btain such identi\214cation, place the mark)113.97 506.4 Q(er)-.1 E F1
($Id$)108 524.4 Q F0 .715(into the te)72 548.4 R .715(xt of a re)-.15 F .715
(vision, for instance inside a comment.)-.25 F .715
(The check-out operation will replace this mark)5.715 F .714(er with a)-.1 F
(string of the form)72 566.4 Q F1 2.5($Id: \214lename r)108 584.4 R -.15(ev)
-.37 G 2.5(isionnumber date time author state loc).15 F -.1(ke)-.2 G 2.5(r$).1
G F0 .156(This string need ne)72 608.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.656(rb).15 G 2.656
(et)168.874 608.4 S .156(ouched, because)178.75 608.4 R F1(co)2.656 E F0 -.1
(ke)2.656 G .156(eps it up to date automatically).1 F 5.157(.T)-.65 G 2.657(op)
401.895 608.4 S(ropag)414.552 608.4 Q .157(ate the mark)-.05 F .157
(er into object)-.1 F(code, simply put it into a literal character string.)72
626.4 Q(In C, this is done as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(static c)108 644.4 Q
(har r)-.15 E(csid[] = "$Id$";)-.37 E F0 1.443(The command)72 668.4 R F1(ident)
3.943 E F0 -.15(ex)3.943 G 1.443(tracts such mark).15 F 1.443(ers from an)-.1 F
3.943<798c>-.15 G 1.443(le, in particular from object code.)299.214 668.4 R F1
(Ident)6.443 E F0 1.442(helps to \214nd out)3.942 F .32 LW 76 678.4 72 678.4 DL
80 678.4 76 678.4 DL 84 678.4 80 678.4 DL 88 678.4 84 678.4 DL 92 678.4 88
678.4 DL 96 678.4 92 678.4 DL 100 678.4 96 678.4 DL 104 678.4 100 678.4 DL 108
678.4 104 678.4 DL 112 678.4 108 678.4 DL 116 678.4 112 678.4 DL 120 678.4 116
678.4 DL 124 678.4 120 678.4 DL 128 678.4 124 678.4 DL 132 678.4 128 678.4 DL
136 678.4 132 678.4 DL 140 678.4 136 678.4 DL 144 678.4 140 678.4 DL/F3 8
/Times-Roman@0 SF 4<8750>82 690.2 S .281(airs of RCS and w)94.328 690.2 R .281
(orking \214les can actually be speci\214ed in 3 w)-.08 F .281
(ays: a\) both are gi)-.08 F -.12(ve)-.2 G .282(n, b\) only the w).12 F .282
(orking \214le is gi)-.08 F(v-)-.2 E .385(en, c\) only the RCS \214le is gi)72
700.2 R -.12(ve)-.2 G 2.385(n. If).12 F 2.385(ap)2.385 G .385(air is gi)200.634
700.2 R -.12(ve)-.2 G .385(n, both \214les may ha).12 F .624 -.12(ve a)-.16 H
.384(rbitrary path pre\214x).12 F .384(es; RCS commands pair them)-.12 F
(up intelligently)72 710.2 Q(.)-.52 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 272.71(PSD:13-4 RCS)72 54 R 2.5(\212AS)2.5 G
(ystem for V)435.84 54 Q(ersion Control)-1.11 E .006(which re)72 90 R .006
(visions of which modules were used in a gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.507(np).15
G 2.507(rogram. It)300.821 90 R .007
(returns a complete and unambiguous component)2.507 F(list, from which a cop)72
108 Q 2.5(yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)171.89 108 S(he program can be reconstructed.)180.5
108 Q(This f)5 E(acility is in)-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(luable for program maintenance.).25 E(There are se)97 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ral additional identi\214cation mark).15 E
(ers, one for each component of $Id$.)-.1 E(The mark)5 E(er)-.1 E/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF($Lo)108 147.6 Q(g$)-.1 E F0 .378(has a similar function.)72
171.6 R .378
(It accumulates the log messages that are requested during check-in.)5.378 F
.377(Thus, one can maintain)5.377 F .345(the complete history of a re)72 189.6
R .345(vision directly inside it, by enclosing it in a comment.)-.25 F .345
(Figure 1 is a partial reproduction)5.345 F .577(of a log contained in re)72
207.6 R .577(vision 4.1 of the \214le)-.25 F F1(ci.c)3.077 E F0 5.577(.T)C .577
(he log appears at the be)281.127 207.6 R .576(ginning of the \214le, and mak)
-.15 F .576(es it easy to)-.1 F
(determine what the recent modi\214cations were.)72 225.6 Q(/* $Log: ci.c,v $)
108 255.6 Q 2.5(*R)110.5 267.6 S -.25(ev)124.67 267.6 S(ision 4.1).25 E 2.5
(1983/05/10 17:03:06 wft)5 F 2.5(*A)110.5 279.6 S(dded option \255d and \255w)
125.22 279.6 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd updated assignment of date, etc. to ne)226.95
279.6 Q 2.5(wd)-.25 G(elta.)404.45 279.6 Q 2.5(*A)110.5 291.6 S
(dded handling of def)125.22 291.6 Q(ault branches.)-.1 E(*)110.5 303.6 Q 2.5
(*R)110.5 315.6 S -.25(ev)124.67 315.6 S(ision 3.9).25 E 2.5
(1983/02/15 15:25:44 wft)5 F 2.5(*A)110.5 327.6 S(dded call to f)125.22 327.6 Q
(astcop)-.1 E(y\(\) to cop)-.1 E 2.5(yr)-.1 G(emainder of RCS \214le.)252.67
327.6 Q(*)110.5 339.6 Q 2.5(*R)110.5 351.6 S -.25(ev)124.67 351.6 S(ision 3.8)
.25 E 2.5(1983/01/14 15:34:05 wft)5 F 2.5(*A)110.5 363.6 S
(dded ignoring of interrupts while ne)125.22 363.6 Q 2.5(wR)-.25 G
(CS \214le is renamed;)285.51 363.6 Q 2.5(*a)110.5 375.6 S -.2(vo)122.24 375.6
S(ids deletion of RCS \214les by interrupts.).2 E(*)110.5 387.6 Q 2.5(*R)110.5
399.6 S -.25(ev)124.67 399.6 S(ision 3.7).25 E 2.5(1982/12/10 16:09:20 wft)5 F
2.5(*C)110.5 411.6 S(orrected checking of return code from dif)124.67 411.6 Q
(f.)-.25 E 2.5(*A)110.5 423.6 S 2.5(nR)125.22 423.6 S(CS \214le no)139.39 423.6
Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(nherits its mode during the \214rst ci from the w)191.65 423.6
Q(orking \214le,)-.1 E 2.5(*e)110.5 435.6 S
(xcept that write permission is remo)122.29 435.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(*/)
110.5 447.6 Q(Figure 1.)198.43 459.6 Q(Log entries produced by the mark)5 E
(er $Log$.)-.1 E .326(Since re)72 481.2 R .326
(visions are stored in the form of dif)-.25 F .326
(ferences, each log message is ph)-.25 F .326
(ysically stored once, independent of the)-.05 F(number of re)72 499.2 Q
(visions present.)-.25 E(Thus, the $Log$ mark)5 E(er incurs ne)-.1 E
(gligible space o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rhead.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5
(3. The)72 535.2 R(RCS Re)2.5 E(vision T)-.15 E -.18(re)-.74 G(e).18 E F0 1.493
(RCS arranges re)97 556.8 R 1.493(visions in an ancestral tree.)-.25 F(The)
6.493 E F1(ci)3.993 E F0 1.492(command b)3.992 F 1.492
(uilds this tree; the auxiliary command)-.2 F F1 -.37(rc)3.992 G(s).37 E F0
.406(prunes it.)72 574.8 R .406(The tree has a root re)5.406 F .407
(vision, normally numbered 1.1, and successi)-.25 F .707 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.25
(ev).15 G .407(isions are numbered 1.2, 1.3, etc.).25 F .379
(The \214rst \214eld of a re)72 592.8 R .379(vision number is called the)-.25 F
F1 -.37(re)2.879 G .379(lease number).37 F F0 .379(and the second one the)2.879
F F1(le)2.879 E .379(vel number)-.15 F F0 5.379(.U)C .379(nless gi)495.301
592.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E -.15(ex)72 610.8 S(plicitly).15 E 2.564(,t)-.65
G(he)116.824 610.8 Q F1(ci)2.564 E F0 .064(command assigns a ne)2.564 F 2.564
(wr)-.25 G -.25(ev)241.378 610.8 S .064(ision number by incrementing the le).25
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.564(ln).15 G .064(umber of the pre)414.982 610.8 R .065
(vious re)-.25 F(vision.)-.25 E .116(The release number must be incremented e)
72 628.8 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.616(,u)-.65 G .116(sing the)286.972 628.8 R F1
<ad72>2.616 E F0 .115(option of)2.616 F F1(ci)2.615 E F0 5.115(.A)C .115
(ssuming there are re)395.525 628.8 R .115(visions 1.1, 1.2,)-.25 F
(and 1.3 in the RCS \214le f.c,v)72 646.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he command)190.52
646.8 Q F1 2.5(ci \255r2.1 f)108 664.8 R(.c)-.15 E F0(or)175.43 664.8 Q F1 2.5
(ci \255r2 f)201.26 664.8 R(.c)-.15 E F0 .386(assigns the number 2.1 to the ne)
72 688.8 R 2.886(wr)-.25 G -.25(ev)216.102 688.8 S 2.886(ision. Later).25 F
.386(check-ins without the)2.886 F F1<ad72>2.886 E F0 .387
(option will assign the numbers 2.2, 2.3,)2.886 F 1.87(and so on.)72 706.8 R
1.87(The release number should be incremented only at major transition points \
in the de)6.87 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.87(lopment, for).15 F(instance when a ne)72
724.8 Q 2.5(wr)-.25 G(elease of a softw)160.61 724.8 Q
(are product has been completed.)-.1 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(RCS \212 A System for V)72 54 Q(ersion Control)-1.11 E
(PSD:13-5)500.55 54 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(3.1. When)72 90 R(ar)2.5 E 2.5
(eb)-.18 G(ranches needed?)141.82 90 Q F0 4.238(Ay)97 111.6 S 1.739(oung re)
113.458 111.6 R 1.739
(vision tree is slender: It consists of only one branch, called the trunk.)-.25
F 1.739(As the tree ages, side)6.739 F(branches may form.)72 129.6 Q
(Branches are needed in the follo)5 E(wing 4 situations.)-.25 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF -.92(Te)72 151.2 S(mpor).92 E(ary \214xes)-.15 E F0 .719
(Suppose a tree has 5 re)97 169.2 R .719
(visions grouped in 2 releases, as illustrated in Figure 2.)-.25 F(Re)5.719 E
.719(vision 1.3, the last one of)-.25 F
(release 1, is in operation at customer sites, while release 2 is in acti)97
187.2 Q .3 -.15(ve d)-.25 H -2.15 -.25(ev e).15 H(lopment.).25 E 311.56 228.24
MT 0 -23.04 RL -34.56 0 RL 0 23.04 RL CL .32 LW ST/F3 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(1.1)
289.28 218.48 Q 334.6 216.72 311.56 216.72 DL 334.6 216.72 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0
-2.304 RL CL BL 334.6 216.72 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL ST 369.16 228.24
MT 0 -23.04 RL -34.56 0 RL 0 23.04 RL CL ST(1.2)346.88 218.48 Q 392.2 216.72
369.16 216.72 DL 392.2 216.72 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL BL 392.2 216.72
MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL ST 426.76 228.24 MT 0 -23.04 RL -34.56 0 RL 0
23.04 RL CL ST(1.3)404.48 218.48 Q 449.8 216.72 426.76 216.72 DL 449.8 216.72
MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL BL 449.8 216.72 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304
RL CL ST 484.36 228.24 MT 0 -23.04 RL -34.56 0 RL 0 23.04 RL CL ST(2.1)462.08
218.48 Q 507.4 216.72 484.36 216.72 DL 507.4 216.72 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304
RL CL BL 507.4 216.72 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL ST 541.96 228.24 MT 0
-23.04 RL -34.56 0 RL 0 23.04 RL CL ST(2.2)519.68 218.48 Q 544.264 216.72
541.96 216.72 DL 549.448 216.72 547.144 216.72 DL 554.632 216.72 552.328 216.72
DL 559.816 216.72 557.512 216.72 DL 565 216.72 562.696 216.72 DL 565 216.72 MT
-4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL BL 565 216.72 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL
ST F0(Figure 2.)251.415 246.24 Q 2.5(As)5 G(lender re)306.135 246.24 Q
(vision tree.)-.25 E(No)97 264.24 Q 2.505(wi)-.25 G .005
(magine a customer requesting a \214x of a problem in re)121.475 264.24 R .006
(vision 1.3, although actual de)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .006(lopment has mo).15 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G(d).15 E .408(on to release 2.)97 282.24 R .407
(RCS does not permit an e)5.407 F .407(xtra re)-.15 F .407
(vision to be spliced in between 1.3 and 2.1, since that w)-.25 F(ould)-.1 E
.201(not re\215ect the actual de)97 300.24 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .201
(lopment history).15 F 5.201(.I)-.65 G .202(nstead, create a branch at re)
273.796 300.24 R .202(vision 1.3, and check in the \214x on that)-.25 F 4.085
(branch. The)97 318.24 R 1.585
(\214rst branch starting at 1.3 has number 1.3.1, and the re)4.085 F 1.584
(visions on that branch are numbered)-.25 F .258(1.3.1.1, 1.3.1.2, etc.)97
336.24 R .258(The double numbering is needed to allo)5.258 F 2.758(wf)-.25 G
.258(or another branch at 1.3, say 1.3.2.)355.41 336.24 R(Re)5.259 E(visions)
-.25 E .316(on the second branch w)97 354.24 R .316
(ould be numbered 1.3.2.1, 1.3.2.2, and so on.)-.1 F .316(The follo)5.316 F
.316(wing steps create branch 1.3.1)-.25 F(and add re)97 372.24 Q
(vision 1.3.1.1:)-.25 E F2 2.5(co \255r1.3 f)124.5 390.24 R 20.28(.c \212)-.15
F -.15(ch)2.5 G(ec).15 E 2.5(ko)-.2 G(ut r)240.73 390.24 Q -.15(ev)-.37 G
(ision 1.3).15 E 2.5(edit f)124.5 402.24 R 42.86(.c \212)-.15 F -.15(ch)2.5 G
(ang).15 E 2.5(ei)-.1 G(t)244.73 402.24 Q 2.5(ci \255r1.3.1 f)124.5 414.24 R 15
(.c \212)-.15 F -.15(ch)2.5 G(ec).15 E 2.5(ki)-.2 G 2.5(ti)238.51 414.24 S 2.5
(no)246.57 414.24 S 2.5(nb)259.07 414.24 S -.15(ra)271.57 414.24 S(nc).15 E 2.5
(h1)-.15 G(.3.1)302.1 414.24 Q F0 .238(This sequence of commands transforms th\
e tree of Figure 2 into the one in Figure 3.)97 438.24 R .239
(Note that it may be nec-)5.239 F .007(essary to incorporate the dif)97 456.24
R .007(ferences between 1.3 and 1.3.1.1 into a re)-.25 F .007(vision at le)-.25
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.507(l2).15 G 5.007(.T)437.789 456.24 S .007(he operation)
451.406 456.24 R F2 -.37(rc)2.507 G(smer).37 E -.1(ge)-.37 G F0
(automates this process \(see the Appendix\).)97 474.24 Q 311.56 515.28 MT 0
-23.04 RL -34.56 0 RL 0 23.04 RL CL ST F3(1.1)289.28 505.52 Q 334.6 503.76
311.56 503.76 DL 334.6 503.76 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL BL 334.6 503.76
MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL ST 369.16 515.28 MT 0 -23.04 RL -34.56 0 RL 0
23.04 RL CL ST(1.2)346.88 505.52 Q 392.2 503.76 369.16 503.76 DL 392.2 503.76
MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL BL 392.2 503.76 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304
RL CL ST 426.76 515.28 MT 0 -23.04 RL -34.56 0 RL 0 23.04 RL CL ST(1.3)404.48
505.52 Q 449.8 503.76 426.76 503.76 DL 449.8 503.76 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304
RL CL BL 449.8 503.76 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL ST 484.36 515.28 MT 0
-23.04 RL -34.56 0 RL 0 23.04 RL CL ST(2.1)462.08 505.52 Q 507.4 503.76 484.36
503.76 DL 507.4 503.76 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL BL 507.4 503.76 MT
-4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL ST 541.96 515.28 MT 0 -23.04 RL -34.56 0 RL 0
23.04 RL CL ST(2.2)519.68 505.52 Q 544.264 503.76 541.96 503.76 DL 549.448
503.76 547.144 503.76 DL 554.632 503.76 552.328 503.76 DL 559.816 503.76
557.512 503.76 DL 565 503.76 562.696 503.76 DL 565 503.76 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0
-2.304 RL CL BL 565 503.76 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL ST 484.36 561.36
MT 0 -23.04 RL -34.56 0 RL 0 23.04 RL CL ST(1.3.1.1)456.08 551.6 Q 486.664
549.84 484.36 549.84 DL 491.848 549.84 489.544 549.84 DL 497.032 549.84 494.728
549.84 DL 502.216 549.84 499.912 549.84 DL 507.4 549.84 505.096 549.84 DL 507.4
549.84 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0 -2.304 RL CL BL 507.4 549.84 MT -4.608 1.152 RL 0
-2.304 RL CL ST 449.8 549.84 409.48 515.28 DL 449.8 549.84 MT -4.248 -2.16 RL
1.512 -1.728 RL CL BL 449.8 549.84 MT -4.248 -2.16 RL 1.512 -1.728 RL CL ST F0
(Figure 3.)225.585 579.36 Q 2.5(Ar)5 G -.25(ev)279.745 579.36 S
(ision tree with one side branch).25 E F2(Distrib)72 618.96 Q(uted de)-.2 E
(velopment and customer modi\214cations)-.15 E F0 .341
(Assume a situation as in Figure 2, where re)97 636.96 R .342
(vision 1.3 is in operation at se)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .342
(ral customer sites, while release 2).15 F .134(is in de)97 654.96 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.634(lopment. Customer).15 F .133
(sites should use RCS to store the distrib)2.634 F .133(uted softw)-.2 F 2.633
(are. Ho)-.1 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .933 -.4(r, c).15 H .133(ustomer mod-)
.4 F .235(i\214cations should not be placed on the same branch as the distrib)