faq

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    COPYING -- GNU General Public License
    NEWS -- GNU Emacs News, a history of user-visible changes
  
  In addition, all of the above files are available directly from the FSF
  via e-mail.  Of course, please try to get them from a local source
  first.
  
  These files are available from the FSF via e-mail:
  
    * GNU's Bulletin, June, 1990 -- this file includes:
	GNU'S Who
	What Is the Free Software Foundation?
	What Is Copyleft?
	GNUs Flashes
	Possible New Terms for GNU Libraries	by Richard Stallman
	"League for Programming Freedom" by Michael Bloom and Richard Stallman
	Free Software Support
	GNU Project Status Report
	GNU Wish List
	GNU Documentation
	GNU Software Available Now
	   Contents of the Emacs Release Tape
	   Contents of the Pre-Release Tape
	   Contents of the X11 Tapes
	   VMS Emacs and Compiler Tapes
	How to Get GNU Software
	Freemacs, an Extensible Editor for MS-DOS
	Thank GNUs
	FSF Order Form
    * GNU Task List
    * GNU Coding Standards
    * Legal issues about contributing code to GNU
    * GNU Project Status Report
  
17: What is the current address of the FSF?
  
  Snail mail address:
    Free Software Foundation
    675 Massachusetts Avenue
    Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
  
  Phone number:
    [phone]
  
  E-mail addresses:
    [e-mail] {probably read by Len Tower}
    gnulists@prep
  
18: What is the current address of the LPF?
  
  Snail mail address:
    League for Programming Freedom
    1 Kendall Square, Number 143
    Post Office Box 9171
    Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
  
  Phone number:
    [phone] { or 243-4091, I'm not sure ... }
  
  E-mail address:
    [e-mail]
  
19: Where can I get the up-to-date GNU stuff?
  
  The most up-to-date official GNU stuff is normally kept on
  prep.ai.mit.edu and is available for anonymous FTP.  See the files
  etc/DISTRIB and etc/FTP for more information.  (To get copies of these
  files, see question 16.)
  
20: Where can I get the latest VM, Supercite, GNUS, Calc, Calendar, or Patch?
  
  1. VM:
  
     Author: Kyle Jones <[e-mail]>
  
     Mailing lists: [e-mail]
                    [e-mail]
                    [e-mail]
                    [e-mail]
  
     Anonymous FTP:
  
     Last released version: 4.41
     site: tut.cis.ohio-state.edu
     file: /pub/gnu/vm/vm-4.41.tar.Z
  
     Beta test version: 5.18
     site: abcfd20.larc.nasa.gov
     directory: /pub/vm
  
  2. Supercite:
  
     Author: Barry Warsaw <[e-mail]>
  
     Latest version: 2.1
  
     Mailing lists: [e-mail]
		    [e-mail]
  
     Anonymous FTP:
     site: durer.cme.nist.gov [129.6.32.4]
     files:/pub/gnu/elisp/supercite-2.1.shar.0# (where # is replaced by 1 or 2)
  
     NOTE: Superyank is an old version of Supercite.
  
  3. GNUS:
  
     Author: Masanobu Umeda
  
     Latest version: 3.13
  
     Anonymous FTP:
     site: tut.cis.ohio-state.edu
     files: /pub/gnu/gnus/3.13.##-of-11.Z (where ## is replaced by 00 -- 11)
  
  4. Calc:
  
     Author: Dave Gillespie <[e-mail]>
  
     Latest version: 1.06
  
     Anonymous FTP:
     site: csvax.cs.caltech.edu [131.215.131.131]
           or any comp.sources.misc archive
  
  5. Calendar/Diary
  
     Author: Ed Reingold <[e-mail]>
  
     Latest version: 4
  
     E-mail:
     Subject: send-emacs-cal
     body: your best internet e-mail address
  
  6. Patch
  
     Author: Larry Wall <[e-mail]>
  
     Latest version: 2.0 patchlevel 12
  
     Anonymous FTP:
     site: any comp.sources.unix archive
  
     or, for Europeans:
  
     site: archive.cs.ruu.nl [131.211.80.5]
     file: /pub/UNIX/patch-2.0.tar.Z
  
21: How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation?
  
  First create Info files from the Texinfo files with M-x
  texinfo-format-buffer.  There is also a program called "makeinfo" that
  provides better error checking and runs faster.  Currently, it comes
  with the Emacs Lisp manual (which comes on the GNU Emacs tape).
  
  For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which
  comes with Emacs.  This manual also comes installed in Info format, so
  you can read it online.
  
  Neither texinfo-format-buffer nor the makeinfo program install the
  resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree.  To install Info files:
  
  1. Move the files to the "info" directory in the installed Emacs
     distribution.  See question 6 if you don't know where that
     is.
  
  2. Edit the file info/dir in the installed Emacs distribution, and add a
     line for the top level node in the Info package that you are
     installing.
  
22: What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft?
  
  RMS writes:
  
  The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit,
  which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining
  to Emacs should also be free software.  "Free" means that all users have
  the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs.  To make sure
  everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you distribute
  any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the recipients the
  same freedom that you enjoyed.
  
  If you still want to find out about the legal meaning of the copyleft,
  please ask yourself if this means you are not paying attention to the
  spirit.
  
23: What are appropriate messages for gnu.emacs.help/gnu.emacs.bug/comp.emacs
 etc.?
  
  The file etc/MAILINGLISTS discusses the purpose of each GNU
  mailing-list.  (See question 16 on how to get a copy.)  For
  those which are gatewayed with newsgroups, it lists both the newsgroup
  name and the mailing list address.
  
  comp.emacs is for discussion of Emacs programs in general.  This
  includes GNU Emacs along with various other implementations like JOVE,
  MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG, Unipress, CCA, etc.
  
  Many people post GNU Emacs questions to comp.emacs because they don't
  receive any of the gnu.* newsgroups.  Arguments have been made both for
  and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to comp.emacs.  You have
  to decide for yourself.
  
24: Should I send questions directly to people who post a lot on the net,
 instead of posting myself?
  
  I don't know about the others, but please don't send such messages to me
  just because you don't want to disturb a lot of people.  Send messages
  to individuals that concern things that individual has written.
  


GNU Emacs, all its Variants, and other Editors

25: Where does the name "Emacs" come from?
  
  EMACS originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS.  The first Emacs was
  a set of macros written by Richard Stallman for the editor TECO (Tape
  Editor and COrrector {Text Editor and COrrector?}) on a PDP-10.
  (Amusing fact: many people have told me that TECO code looks a lot like
  line noise.)
  
26: What is the latest version of GNU Emacs?
  
  GNU Emacs 18.55.  GNU Emacs 18.56 is coming out with some bug fixes, but
  no additional functionality.
  
27: When will GNU Emacs 19 be available?
  
  Good question, I don't know.  For that matter, neither do the
  developers.  It will undoubtedly be available sometime in the 1990s.
  
28: What will be different about GNU Emacs 19?
  
  From the latest "GNU's Bulletin":
  
  Version 19 approaches release with a host of new features: before and
  after change hooks; X selection processing (including CLIPBOARD
  selections); scrollbars; support for European character sets; floating
  point numbers; per-buffer mouse commands; interfacing with the X
  resource manager; mouse-tracking; Lisp-level binding of function keys;
  and multiple X windows (`screens' to Emacs).
  
  Thanks go to Alan Carroll and the people who worked on Epoch for
  generating initial feedback to a multi-windowed Emacs.  Emacs 19
  supports two styles of multiple windows, one with a separate screen for
  the minibuffer, and another with a minibuffer attached to each screen.
  
  More features of Version 19 are buffer allocation, which uses a new
  mechanism capable of returning storage to the system when a buffer is
  killed, and a new input system---all input now arrives in the form of
  Lisp objects.
  
  Other features being considered for Version 19 include:
  
  * Associating property lists with regions of text in a buffer.
  * Multiple font, color, and pixmaps defined by those properties.
  * Different visibility conditions for the regions, and for the various
    windows showing one buffer.
  * Incremental syntax analysis for various programming languages.
  * Hooks to be run if point or mouse moves outside a certain range.
  * Source-level debugging for Emacs Lisp.
  * Incrementally saving undo history in a file, so that recover-file also
    reinstalls buffer's undo history.
  * Static menu bars, and better pop-up menus.
  * A more sophisticated emacsclient/server model, which would provide
    network transparent Emacs widget functionality.
  
  Also, Emacs 19 will have a Emacs Lisp source code debugger.
  
29: Is there an Emacs that has better mouse and X window support?
  
  Emacs 18 has some limited X Window System support, but there are
  problems.  Emacs 19 will have amazing mouse and window support.  Right
  now, there is a modified version of Emacs 18.55 called "Epoch" which has
  greatly improved mouse and window support.  The latest version of Epoch
  is available via:
  
  Anonymous FTP:
  site: cs.uiuc.edu
  directory: pub/epoch-files/epoch
  file: epoch-3.2b  (b stands for beta)
  
  NOTE: Epoch only works with the X Window System; it does not work on
  ordinary terminals.
  
30: How do I get Emacs for my PC?
  
  GNU Emacs won't run on a PC directly under MS-DOS.  There have been
  reports of people running GNU Emacs under a special program under MS-DOS
  on 286 or 386 machines, but I don't know the details.
  
  You can try a variety of similar programs such as MG, MicroEmacs,
  Freemacs, etc.
  
  Russ Nelson <[e-mail]>, the author, describes
  Freemacs:
  
  * Freemacs is free, and it was designed from the start to be
    programmable.
  * Freemacs is the only IBM-PC editor that tries to be like GNU Emacs.
  * Freemacs can only edit files less than 64K in length.
  * Freemacs doesn't have undo.
  
  Carl Witty <[e-mail]> writes about Freemacs:
  
  Better is Freemacs, which follows the tradition of ITS and GNU Emacs
  by having an full, turing-complete extension language which is
  incompatible with everything else.  In fact, it's even closer to ITS
  Emacs than GNU Emacs is, because Mint (Freemacs' extension language)
  is absolutely illegible without weeks of study, much like TECO.
  
  You can get Freemacs several ways:
  
  1. Anonymous FTP:
     site: simtel20.army.mil, directory: PD:<MSDOS.FREEMACS>
     site: grape.ecs.clarkson.edu [128.153.13.196], directory: /e/freemacs
  
  2. E-mail:
     address: [e-mail], or
              archive-server%sun.soe@omnigate (BITNET), or
              {smart-host}!sun.soe.clarkson.edu!archive-server (UUCP)
     body: help
  
  3. Snail mail:
     address: Russell Nelson, 11 Grant St., Potsdam, NY 13676
     Send $15 copying fee, and specify preferred floppy disk format:
       5.25", 1.2 Meg, or 5.25", 360K, or 3.50", 720K
  
  I don't know much about MicroEmacs.  All I know is that the latest
  version is 3.10 and it is available via:
  
  Anonymous FTP:
  site: durer.cme.nist.gov
  
  Another Emacs for small machines is Jove (Jonathan's Own Version of
  Emacs).  The latest version is 4.9.  It is available via:
  
  Anonymous FTP:
  sites: hipl.psych.nyu.edu, cs.toronto.edu, cayuga.cs.rochester.edu
  
  Yet another Emacs is "mg", which used to stand for MicroGNUEmacs, but
  now just stands for "mg".  It is available via:
  
  Anonymous FTP:
  site: snow.white.toronto.edu
  
31: Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST?
  
  The latest version for the ST is available via:
  
  Anonymous FTP:
  site: cs.uni-sb.de [134.96.7.254]
  directory: /pub/atari/emacs
  
32: Where can I get Emacs with NeWS support?
  
  Chris Maio's NeWS support package for GNU Emacs is available via:
  
  Anonymous FTP:
  site: columbia.edu
  file: /pub/ps-emacs.tar.Z
  
  site: tut.cis.ohio-state.edu