vip.texinfo

早期freebsd实现

			commands etc.
* New Commands::	Some new commands not available in Vi are added.
* New Bindings::	Bindings of some keys are changed for the
			convenience of editing under Emacs.
* Window Commands::	Commands for moving among windows etc.
* Buffer Commands::	Commands for selecting buffers etc.
* File Commands::	Commands for visiting files etc.
* Misc Commands::	Other useful commands.
@end menu

@node Undoing, Changing, Differences from Vi, Differences from Vi
@subsection Undoing

@kindex 165 @kbd{u} (@code{vip-undo})
@kindex 056 @kbd{.} (@code{vip-repeat})

You can repeat undoing by the @kbd{.} key.  So, @kbd{u} will undo
a single change, while @kbd{u .@: .@: .@:}, for instance, will undo 4 previous
changes.  Undo is undoable as in Vi.  So the content of the buffer will
be the same before and after @kbd{u u}.@refill

@node Changing, Searching, Undoing, Differences from Vi
@subsection Changing

Some commands which change a small number of characters are executed
slightly differently.  Thus, if point is at the beginning of a word
@samp{foo} and you wished to change it to @samp{bar} by typing @w{@kbd{c w}},
then VIP will prompt you for a new word in the minibuffer by the prompt
@samp{foo => }.  You can then enter @samp{bar} followed by @key{RET} or
@key{ESC} to complete the command.  Before you enter @key{RET} or
@key{ESC} you can abort the command by typing @kbd{C-g}.  In general,
@kindex 007 @kbd{C-g} (@code{vip-keyboard-quit})
you can abort a partially formed command by typing @kbd{C-g}.@refill

@node Searching, z Command, Changing, Differences from Vi
@subsection Searching

@kindex 057 @kbd{/} (@code{vip-search-forward})
@kindex 077 @kbd{?} (@code{vip-search-backward})

As in Vi, searching is done by @kbd{/} and @kbd{?}.  The string will be
searched literally by default.  To invoke a regular expression search,
first execute the search command @kbd{/} (or @kbd{?}) with empty search
string.  (I.e, type @kbd{/} followed by @key{RET}.)
A search for empty string will toggle the search mode between vanilla
search and regular expression search.  You cannot give an offset to the
search string.  (It is a limitation.)  By default, search will wrap around
the buffer as in Vi.  You can change this by rebinding the variable
@code{vip-search-wrap-around}.  @xref{Customization}, for how to do this.@refill

@node z Command, Counts, Searching, Differences from Vi
@subsection z Command

@kindex 1723 @kbd{z H} (@code{vip-line-to-top})
@kindex 1721 @kbd{z RET} (@code{vip-line-to-top})
@kindex 1723 @kbd{z M} (@code{vip-line-to-middle})
@kindex 1722 @kbd{z .} (@code{vip-line-to-middle})
@kindex 1723 @kbd{z L} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom})
@kindex 1722 @kbd{z -} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom})

For those of you who cannot remember which of @kbd{z} followed by @key{RET},
@kbd{.}@: and @kbd{-} do what.  You can also use @kbd{z} followed by @kbd{H},
@kbd{M} and @kbd{L} to place the current line in the Home (Middle, and
Last) line of the window.@refill

@node Counts, Marking, z Command, Differences from Vi
@subsection Counts

Some Vi commands which do not accept a count now accept one

@table @kbd
@item p
@itemx P
@kindex 160 @kbd{p} (@code{vip-put-back})
@kindex 120 @kbd{P} (@code{vip-Put-back})
Given counts, text will be yanked (in Vi's sense) that many times.  Thus
@kbd{3 p} is the same as @kbd{p p p}.
@item o
@itemx O
@kindex 157 @kbd{o} (@code{vip-open-line})
@kindex 117 @kbd{O} (@code{vip-Open-line})
Given counts, that many copies of text will be inserted. Thus
@kbd{o a b c @key{ESC}} will insert 3 lines of @samp{abc} below the current
line.
@item /
@itemx ?
@kindex 057 @kbd{/} (@code{vip-search-forward})
@kindex 077 @kbd{?} (@code{vip-search-backward})
Given a count @var{n}, @var{n}-th occurrence will be searched.
@end table

@node Marking, Region Commands, Counts, Differences from Vi
@subsection Marking

Typing an @kbd{m} followed by a lower case character @var{ch} marks the
point to the register named @var{ch} as in Vi.  In addition to these, we
have following key bindings for marking.

@kindex 155 @kbd{m} (@code{vip-mark-point})

@table @kbd
@item m <
Set mark at the beginning of buffer.
@item m >
Set mark at the end of buffer.
@item m .
Set mark at point (and push old mark on mark ring).
@item m ,
Jump to mark (and pop mark off the mark ring).
@end table

@node Region Commands, New Commands, Marking, Differences from Vi
@subsection Region Commands

@cindex region

Vi operators like @kbd{d}, @kbd{c} etc. are usually used in combination
with motion commands.  It is now possible to use current region as the
argument to these operators.  (A @dfn{region} is a part of buffer
delimited by point and mark.)  The key @kbd{r} is used for this purpose.
Thus @kbd{d r} will delete the current region.  If @kbd{R} is used instead
of @kbd{r} the region will first be enlarged so that it will become the
smallest region containing the original region and consisting of whole
lines.  Thus @kbd{m .@: d R} will have the same effect as @kbd{d d}.@refill

@node New Commands, New Bindings, Region Commands, Differences from Vi
@subsection Some New Commands

Note that the keys below (except for @kbd{R}) are not used in Vi.

@table @kbd
@item C-a
@kindex 001 @kbd{C-a} (@code{vip-beginning-of-line})
Move point to the beginning of line.
@item C-n
@kindex 016 @kbd{C-n} (@code{vip-next-window})
If you have two or more windows in the screen, this key will move point to
the next window.
@item C-o
@kindex 017 @kbd{C-o} (@code{vip-open-line-at-point})
Insert a newline and leave point before it, and then enter insert mode.
@item C-r
@kindex 022 @kbd{C-r} (@code{isearch-backward})
Backward incremental search.
@item C-s
@kindex 023 @kbd{C-s} (@code{isearch-forward})
Forward incremental search.
@item C-c
@itemx C-x
@itemx @key{ESC}
@kindex 003 @kbd{C-c} (@code{vip-ctl-c})
@kindex 0300 @kbd{C-x} (@code{vip-ctl-x})
@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-ESC})
These keys will exit from vi mode and return to emacs mode temporarily.  If
you hit one of these keys, Emacs will be in emacs mode and will believe
that you hit that key in emacs mode. For example, if you hit @kbd{C-x}
followed by @kbd{2}, then the current window will be split into 2 and you
will be in vi mode again.
@item \
@kindex 134 @kbd{\} (@code{vip-escape-to-emacs})
Escape to emacs mode.  Hitting @kbd{\} will take you to emacs mode, and you
can execute a single Emacs command.  After executing the Emacs command you
will be in vi mode again.  You can give a count before typing @kbd{\}.
Thus @kbd{5 \ *}, as well as @kbd{\ C-u 5 *}, will insert @samp{*****}
before point.  Similarly @kbd{1 0 \ C-p} will move the point 10 lines above
the current line.@refill
@item K
@kindex 113 @kbd{K} (@code{vip-kill-buffer})
Kill current buffer if it is not modified.  Useful when you selected a
buffer which you did not want.
@item Q
@itemx R
@kindex 121 @kbd{Q} (@code{vip-query-replace})
@kindex 122 @kbd{R} (@code{vip-replace-string})
@kbd{Q} is for query replace and @kbd{R} is for replace.  By default,
string to be replaced are treated literally.  If you wish to do a regular
expression replace, first do replace with empty string as the string to be
replaced.  In this way, you can toggle between vanilla and regular
expression replacement.
@item v
@itemx V
@kindex 166 @kbd{v} (@code{vip-find-file})
@kindex 126 @kbd{V} (@code{vip-find-file-other-window})
These keys are used to Visit files.  @kbd{v} will switch to a buffer
visiting file whose name can be entered in the minibuffer. @kbd{V} is
similar, but will use window different from the current window.
@item #
@kindex 0430 @kbd{#} (@code{vip-command-argument})
If followed by a certain character @var{ch}, it becomes an operator whose
argument is the region determined by the motion command that follows.
Currently, @var{ch} can be one of @kbd{c}, @kbd{C}, @kbd{g}, @kbd{q} and
@kbd{s}.@refill
@item # c
@kindex 0432 @kbd{# c} (@code{downcase-region})
Change upper case characters in the region to lower case
(@code{downcase-region}).
@item # C
@kindex 0431 @kbd{# C} (@code{upcase-region})
Change lower case characters in the region to upper case. For instance,
@kbd{# C 3 w} will capitalize 3 words from the current point
(@code{upcase-region}).
@item # g
@kindex 0432 @kbd{# g} (@code{vip-global-execute})
Execute last keyboard macro for each line in the region
(@code{vip-global-execute}).@refill
@item # q
@kindex 0432 @kbd{# q} (@code{vip-quote-region})
Insert specified string at the beginning of each line in the region
(@code{vip-quote-region}).
@item # s
@kindex 0432 @kbd{# s} (@code{spell-region})
Check spelling of words in the region (@code{spell-region}).
@item *
@kindex 052 @kbd{*} (@code{vip-call-last-kbd-macro})
Call last keyboard macro.
@end table

@node New Bindings, Window Commands, New Commands, Differences from Vi
@subsection New Key Bindings

In VIP the meanings of some keys are entirely different from Vi.  These key
bindings are done deliberately in the hope that editing under Emacs will
become easier.  It is however possible to rebind these keys to functions
which behave similarly as in Vi.  @xref{Customizing Key Bindings}, for
details.

@table @kbd
@item C-g
@itemx g
@kindex 007 @kbd{C-g} (@code{vip-keyboard-quit})
@kindex 147 @kbd{g} (@code{vip-info-on-file})
In Vi, @kbd{C-g} is used to get information about the file associated to
the current buffer.  Here, @kbd{g} will do that, and @kbd{C-g} is
used to abort a command (this is for compatibility with emacs mode.)
@item SPC
@itemx @key{RET}
@kindex 040 @kbd{SPC} (@code{vip-scroll})
@kindex 015 @kbd{RET} (@code{vip-scroll-back})
Now these keys will scroll up and down the text of current window.
Convenient for viewing the text.
@item s
@itemx S
@kindex 163 @kbd{s} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer})
@kindex 123 @kbd{S} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window})
They are used to switch to a specified buffer.  Useful for switching to
already existing buffer since buffer name completion is provided.  Also
a default buffer will be given as part of the prompt, to which you can
switch by just typing @key{RET} key.  @kbd{s} is used to select buffer
in the current window, while @kbd{S} selects buffer in another window.
@item C
@itemx X
@kindex 103 @kbd{C} (@code{vip-ctl-c-equivalent})
@kindex 1300 @kbd{X} (@code{vip-ctl-x-equivalent})
These keys will exit from vi mode and return to emacs mode temporarily.
If you type @kbd{C} (@kbd{X}), Emacs will be in emacs mode and will believe
that you have typed @kbd{C-c} (@kbd{C-x}, resp.) in emacs mode. Moreover,
if the following character you type is an upper case letter, then Emacs
will believe that you have typed the corresponding control character.
You will be in vi mode again after the command is executed.  For example,
typing @kbd{X S} in vi mode is the same as typing @kbd{C-x C-s} in emacs
mode.  You get the same effect by typing @kbd{C-x C-s} in vi mode, but
the idea here is that you can execute useful Emacs commands without typing
control characters. For example, if you hit @kbd{X} (or @kbd{C-x}) followed
by @kbd{2}, then the current window will be split into 2 and you will be in
vi mode again.@refill
@end table

In addition to these, @code{ctl-x-map} is slightly modified:

@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 3} (@code{vip-buffer-in-two-windows})

@table @kbd
@item X 3
@itemx C-x 3
This is equivalent to @kbd{C-x 1 C-x 2} (1 + 2 = 3).
@end table

@node Window Commands, Buffer Commands, New Bindings, Differences from Vi
@subsection Window Commands

In this and following subsections, we give a summary of key bindings for
basic functions related to windows, buffers and files.

@table @kbd
@item C-n
@kindex 016 @kbd{C-n} (@code{vip-next-window})
Switch to next window.
@item X 1
@itemx C-x 1
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 1} (@code{delete-other-windows})
Delete other windows.
@item X 2
@itemx C-x 2
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 2} (@code{split-window-vertically})
Split current window into two windows.
@item X 3
@itemx C-x 3
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 3} (@code{vip-buffer-in-two-windows})
Show current buffer in two windows.
@end table

@node Buffer Commands, File Commands, Window Commands, Differences from Vi
@subsection Buffer Commands

@table @kbd
@item s
@kindex 163 @kbd{s} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer})
Switch to the specified buffer in the current window
(@code{vip-switch-to-buffer}).
@item S
@kindex 123 @kbd{S} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window})
Switch to the specified buffer in another window
(@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window}).
@item K
@kindex 113 @kbd{K} (@code{vip-kill-buffer})
Kill the current buffer if it is not modified.
@item X S
@itemx C-x C-s
@kindex 1302 @kbd{X S} (@code{save-buffer})
Save the current buffer in the file associated to the buffer.
@end table

@node File Commands, Misc Commands, Buffer Commands, Differences from Vi
@subsection File Commands

@table @kbd
@item v
@kindex 166 @kbd{v} (@code{vip-find-file})
Visit specified file in the current window.
@item V
@kindex 126 @kbd{V} (@code{vip-find-file-other-window})
Visit specified file in another window.
@item X W
@itemx C-x C-w
@kindex 1302 @kbd{X W} (@code{write-file})
Write current buffer into the specified file.
@item X I