vip.texinfo

早期freebsd实现

% -*-texinfo-*-

% Follow the following instructions to print the VIP manual.
%
% Run tex on this file:
%
%	tex vip.texinfo
%
% This creates vip.dvi and some files for cross references and
% indices.  Since the manual contains key index and concept
% index, it is necessary to create sorted index files for
% them.  It is also necessary to edit the file vip.kys.  This
% is done as follows.
%
%	texindex vip.ky vip.cp
%	sed -e '/\\initial/ d' -e 's/{[^ ]* /{/' vip.kys > tmp
%	mv tmp vip.kys
%	tex vip.texinfo
%
% The dvi file created by the second run of tex can be used
% for printing.

\input texinfo

@setfilename ../info/vip
@settitle VIP

@iftex
@finalout
@end iftex

@titlepage
@sp 10
@center @titlefont{VIP}
@sp 1
@center A Vi Package for GNU Emacs
@center (Version 3.5, September 15, 1987)
@sp 2
@center Masahiko Sato
@sp 2
@end titlepage

@unnumbered Distribution

Copyright @copyright{} 1987 Masahiko Sato.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).

@end ignore
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the same conditions as for modified versions.

@ifinfo
@node Top, Survey,, (DIR)

VIP
***

VIP is a Vi emulating package written in Emacs Lisp.  VIP implements most
Vi commands including Ex commands.  It is therefore hoped that this package
will enable you to do Vi style editing under the powerful GNU Emacs
environment.  This info file describes the usage of VIP assuming that you
are fairly accustomed to Vi but not so much with Emacs.  Also we will
concentrate mainly on differences from Vi, especially features unique to
VIP.

It is recommended that you read nodes on survey and on customization before
you start using VIP.  Other nodes may be visited as needed.

Comments and bug reports are welcome.  Please send messages to
@code{ms@@Sail.Stanford.Edu} if you are outside of Japan and to
@code{masahiko@@sato.riec.tohoku.junet} if you are in Japan.@refill

@end ifinfo

@menu
* Survey::		A survey of VIP.
* Vi Commands::		Details of Vi commands.
* Ex Commands::		Details of Ex commands.
* Customization::	How to customize VIP.
@end menu
@iftex
@unnumbered Introduction

VIP is a Vi emulating package written in Emacs Lisp.  VIP implements most
Vi commands including Ex commands.  It is therefore hoped that this package
will enable you to do Vi style editing under the powerful GNU Emacs
environment.  This manual describes the usage of VIP assuming that you are
fairly accustomed to Vi but not so much with Emacs.  Also we will
concentrate mainly on differences from Vi, especially features unique to
VIP.

It is recommended that you read chapters on survey and on customization
before you start using VIP.  Other chapters may be used as future
references.

Comments and bug reports are welcome.  Please send messages to
@code{ms@@Sail.Stanford.Edu} if you are outside of Japan and to
@code{masahiko@@unsun.riec.tohoku.junet} if you are in Japan.
@end iftex

@node Survey, Basic Concepts, Top, Top
@chapter A Survey of VIP

In this chapter we describe basics of VIP with emphasis on the features not
found in Vi and on how to use VIP under GNU Emacs.

@menu
* Basic Concepts::	Basic concepts in Emacs.
* Loading VIP::		How to load VIP automatically.
* Modes in VIP::	VIP has three modes, which are orthogonal to modes
			in Emacs.
* Differences from Vi:: Differences of VIP from Vi is explained.
@end menu

@node Basic Concepts, Loading VIP, Survey, Survey
@section Basic Concepts

We begin by explaining some basic concepts of Emacs.  These concepts are
explained in more detail in the GNU Emacs Manual.

@cindex buffer
@cindex point
@cindex mark
@cindex text
@cindex looking at
@cindex end (of buffer)
@cindex region

Conceptually, a @dfn{buffer} is just a string of ASCII characters and two
special characters @key{PNT} (@dfn{point}) and @key{MRK} (@dfn{mark}) such
that the character @key{PNT} occurs exactly once and @key{MRK} occurs at
most once.  The @dfn{text} of a buffer is obtained by deleting the
occurrences of @key{PNT} and @key{MRK}.  If, in a buffer, there is a
character following @key{PNT} then we say that point is @dfn{looking at}
the character; otherwise we say that point is @dfn{at the end of buffer}.
@key{PNT} and @key{MRK} are used
to indicate positions in a buffer and they are not part of the text of the
buffer.  If a buffer contains a @key{MRK} then the text between @key{MRK}
and @key{PNT} is called the @dfn{region} of the buffer.@refill

@cindex window

Emacs provides (multiple) @dfn{windows} on the screen, and you can see the
content of a buffer through the window associated with the buffer.  The
cursor of the screen is always positioned on the character after @key{PNT}.
@refill

@cindex mode
@cindex keymap
@cindex local keymap
@cindex global keymap

A @dfn{keymap} is a table that records the bindings between characters and
command functions.  There is the @dfn{global keymap} common to all the
buffers.  Each buffer has its @dfn{local keymap} that determines the
@dfn{mode} of the buffer.  Local keymap overrides global keymap, so that if
a function is bound to some key in the local keymap then that function will
be executed when you type the key.  If no function is bound to a key in the
local map, however, the function bound to the key in the global map becomes
in effect.@refill

@node Loading VIP, Modes in VIP, Basic Concepts, Survey
@section Loading VIP

The recommended way to load VIP automatically is to include the line:
@example
(load "vip")
@end example
@noindent
in your @file{.emacs} file.  The @file{.emacs} file is placed in your home
directory and it will be executed every time you invoke Emacs.  If you wish
to be in vi mode whenver Emacs starts up, you can include the following
line in your @file{.emacs} file instead of the above line:
@example
(setq term-setup-hook 'vip-mode)
@end example
@noindent
(@xref{Vi Mode}, for the explanation of vi mode.)

Even if your @file{.emacs} file does not contain any of the above lines,
you can load VIP and enter vi mode by typing the following from within
Emacs.
@example
M-x vip-mode
@end example
@noindent

@node Modes in VIP, Emacs Mode, Loading VIP, Survey
@section Modes in VIP

@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi})
@kindex 0301 @kbd{C-x C-z} (@code{suspend-emacs})

Loading VIP has the effect of globally binding @kbd{C-z} (@kbd{Control-z})
to the function @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}. The default binding of @kbd{C-z}
in GNU Emacs is @code{suspend-emacs}, but, you can also call
@code{suspend-emacs} by typing @kbd{C-x C-z}.  Other than this, all the
key bindings of Emacs remain the same after loading VIP.@refill

@cindex vi mode

Now, if you hit @kbd{C-z}, the function @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi} will be
called and you will be in @dfn{vi mode}.  (Some major modes may locally bind
@kbd{C-z} to some special functions.  In such cases, you can call
@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi} by @code{execute-extended-command} which is
invoked by @kbd{M-x}.  Here @kbd{M-x} means @kbd{Meta-x}, and if your
terminal does not have a @key{META} key you can enter it by typing
@kbd{@key{ESC} x}.  The same effect can also be achieve by typing
@kbd{M-x vip-mode}.)@refill

@cindex mode line

You can observe the change of mode by looking at the @dfn{mode line}.  For
instance, if the mode line is:@refill
@example
-----Emacs: *scratch*              (Lisp Interaction)----All------------
@end example
@noindent
then it will change to:
@example
-----Vi:    *scratch*              (Lisp Interaction)----All------------
@end example
@noindent
Thus the word @samp{Emacs} in the mode line will change to @samp{Vi}.

@cindex insert mode
@cindex emacs mode

You can go back to the original @dfn{emacs mode} by typing @kbd{C-z} in
vi mode.  Thus @kbd{C-z} toggles between these two modes.@refill

Note that modes in VIP exist orthogonally to modes in Emacs.  This means
that you can be in vi mode and at the same time, say, shell mode.

Vi mode corresponds to Vi's command mode.  From vi mode you can enter
@dfn{insert mode} (which corresponds to Vi's insert mode) by usual Vi command
keys like @kbd{i}, @kbd{a}, @kbd{o} @dots{} etc.

In insert mode, the mode line will look like this:
@example
-----Insert *scratch*              (Lisp Interaction)----All------------
@end example
@noindent
You can exit from insert mode by hitting @key{ESC} key as you do in Vi.

That VIP has three modes may seem very complicated, but in fact it is not
so.  VIP is implemented so that you can do most editing remaining only
in the two modes for Vi (that is vi mode and insert mode).

@ifinfo
The figure below shows the transition of three modes in VIP.
@display


           === C-z ==>          == i,o ... ==>
emacs mode             vi mode                 insert mode
           <== X-z ===          <=== ESC ====
@end display
@end ifinfo

@menu
* Emacs Mode::		This is the mode you should know better.
* Vi Mode::		Vi commands are executed in this mode.
* Insert Mode::		You can enter text, and also can do editing if you
			know enough Emacs commands.
@end menu

@node Emacs Mode, Vi Mode, Modes in VIP, Modes in VIP
@subsection Emacs Mode

@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi})

You will be in this mode just after you loaded VIP.  You can do all
normal Emacs editing in this mode.  Note that the key @kbd{C-z} is globally
bound to @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}.  So, if you type @kbd{C-z} in this mode
then you will be in vi mode.@refill

@node Vi Mode, Insert Mode, Emacs Mode, Modes in VIP
@subsection Vi Mode

This mode corresponds to Vi's command mode.  Most Vi commands work as they
do in Vi.  You can go back to emacs mode by typing @kbd{C-z}.  You can
enter insert mode, just as in Vi, by typing @kbd{i}, @kbd{a} etc.

@node Insert Mode, Differences from Vi, Vi Mode, Modes in VIP
@subsection Insert Mode

The key bindings in this mode is the same as in the emacs mode except for
the following 4 keys.  So, you can move around in the buffer and change
its content while you are in insert mode.

@table @kbd
@item @key{ESC}
@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}) (insert mode)
This key will take you back to vi mode.
@item C-h
@kindex 010 @kbd{C-h} (@code{vip-delete-backward-char}) (insert mode)
Delete previous character.
@item C-w
@kindex 027 @kbd{C-w} (@code{vip-delete-backward-word}) (insert mode)
Delete previous word.
@item C-z
@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-ESC}) (insert mode)
Typing this key has the same effect as typing @key{ESC} in emacs mode.
Thus typing @kbd{C-z x} in insert mode will have the same effect as typing
@kbd{ESC x} in emacs mode.
@end table

@node Differences from Vi, Undoing, Insert Mode, Survey
@section Differences from Vi

The major differences from Vi are explained below.

@menu
* Undoing::		You can undo more in VIP.
* Changing::		Commands for changing the text.
* Searching::		Search commands.
* z Command::		You can now use zH, zM and zL as well as z- etc.
* Counts::		Some Vi commands which do not accept a count now
			accept one.
* Marking::		You can now mark the current point, beginning of
			the buffer etc.
* Region Commands::	You can now give a region as an argument for delete