gdb.texinfo

早期freebsd实现

_dnl__                                          -*-Texinfo-*-
_dnl__ Copyright (c) 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
_dnl__ $Id: gdb.texinfo,v 2.123 1992/10/23 10:54:39 gnu Exp $<>_dnl__
\input texinfo      @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c Copyright (c) 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c %**start of header 
@setfilename _GDBP__.info
_if__(_GENERIC__)
@settitle Debugging with _GDBN__
_fi__(_GENERIC__)
_if__(!_GENERIC__)
@settitle Debugging with _GDBN__ (_HOST__)
_fi__(!_GENERIC__)
@setchapternewpage odd
@c @smallbook
@c @cropmarks
@c %**end of header

@finalout
@syncodeindex ky cp

_0__@c ===> NOTE! <==_1__
@c Determine the edition number in *three* places by hand:
@c      1. First ifinfo section  2. title page  3. top node
@c To find the locations, search for !!set

@c The following is for Pesch for his RCS system.  
@c This revision number *not* the same as the Edition number.
@tex
\def\$#1${{#1}}  % Kluge: collect RCS revision info without $...$
\xdef\manvers{\$Revision: 2.123 $}  % For use in headers, footers too
@end tex

@c GDB CHANGELOG CONSULTED BETWEEN:
@c Fri Oct 11 23:27:06 1991  John Gilmore  (gnu at cygnus.com)
@c Sat Dec 22 02:51:40 1990  John Gilmore  (gnu at cygint)

@c THIS MANUAL REQUIRES TEXINFO-2 macros and info-makers to format properly.

@ifinfo
@format
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gdb: (gdb).                   The GNU debugger.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
@end format
@end ifinfo
_if__(0)

NOTE: this manual is marked up for preprocessing with a collection
of m4 macros called "pretex.m4".

THIS IS THE SOURCE PRIOR TO PREPROCESSING.  The full source needs to
be run through m4 before either tex- or info- formatting: for example,
_0__
    m4 pretex.m4 none.m4 all.m4 gdb.texinfo >gdb-all.texinfo
will produce (assuming your path finds either GNU m4 >= 0.84, or SysV
m4; Berkeley will not do) a file suitable for formatting.  See the text in
"pretex.m4" for a fuller explanation (and the macro definitions).
_1__

_fi__(0)
@c
@ifinfo
This file documents the GNU debugger _GDBN__.

@c !!set edition, date, version
This is Edition 4.06, October 1992, 
of @cite{Debugging with _GDBN__: the GNU Source-Level Debugger}
for GDB Version _GDB_VN__.

Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).

@end ignore
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
instead of in the original English.
@end ifinfo

@titlepage
@title Debugging with _GDBN__
@subtitle The GNU Source-Level Debugger
_if__(!_GENERIC__)
@subtitle on _HOST__ Systems
_fi__(!_GENERIC__)
@sp 1
@c !!set edition, date, version
@subtitle Edition 4.06, for _GDBN__ version _GDB_VN__
@subtitle October 1992
@author by Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch
@page
@tex
{\parskip=0pt
\hfill pesch\@cygnus.com\par
\hfill {\it Debugging with _GDBN__}, \manvers\par
\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
}
@end tex

@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
instead of in the original English.
@end titlepage
@page

@ifinfo
@node Top
@top Debugging with _GDBN__

This file describes _GDBN__, the GNU symbolic debugger.

@c !!set edition, date, version
This is Edition 4.06, October 1992, for GDB Version _GDB_VN__.
@end ifinfo

@menu
* Summary::                     Summary of _GDBN__
_if__(_GENERIC__ || !_H8__)
* New Features::                New features since GDB version 3.5
_fi__(_GENERIC__ || !_H8__)
_if__(!_BARE__)
* Sample Session::              A sample _GDBN__ session
_fi__(!_BARE__)
* Invocation::                  Getting in and out of _GDBN__
* Commands::                    _GDBN__ commands
* Running::                     Running programs under _GDBN__
* Stopping::                    Stopping and continuing
* Stack::                       Examining the stack
* Source::                      Examining source files
* Data::                        Examining data
_if__(!_CONLY__)
* Languages::                   Using _GDBN__ with different languages
_fi__(!_CONLY__)
_if__(_CONLY__)
* C::                           C and C++
_fi__(_CONLY__)
* Symbols::                     Examining the symbol table
* Altering::                    Altering execution
* _GDBN__ Files::                   _GDBN__'s files
* Targets::                     Specifying a debugging target
* Controlling _GDBN__::             Controlling _GDBN__
* Sequences::                   Canned sequences of commands
_if__(!_DOSHOST__)
* Emacs::                       Using _GDBN__ under GNU Emacs
_fi__(!_DOSHOST__)
* _GDBN__ Bugs::                    Reporting bugs in _GDBN__
_if__(_GENERIC__||!_H8__)
* Renamed Commands::
_fi__(_GENERIC__||!_H8__)
* Formatting Documentation::    How to format and print GDB documentation
* Installing GDB::              Installing GDB
* Copying::                     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
* Index::                       Index
@end menu

@node Summary
@unnumbered Summary of _GDBN__

The purpose of a debugger such as _GDBN__ is to allow you to see what is
going on ``inside'' another program while it executes---or what another
program was doing at the moment it crashed.

_GDBN__ can do four main kinds of things (plus other things in support of
these) to help you catch bugs in the act:

@itemize @bullet
@item
Start your program, specifying anything that might affect its behavior.

@item
Make your program stop on specified conditions.

@item
Examine what has happened, when your program has stopped.

@item
Change things in your program, so you can experiment with correcting the
effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
@end itemize

_if__(!_CONLY__)
You can use _GDBN__ to debug programs written in C, C++, and Modula-2.
Fortran support will be added when a GNU Fortran compiler is ready.
_fi__(!_CONLY__)

@menu
* Free Software::               Free Software
* Contributors::                Contributors to GDB
@end menu

@node Free Software
@unnumberedsec Free Software

_GDBN__ is @dfn{free software}, protected by the GNU General Public License
(GPL).  The GPL gives you the freedom to copy or adapt a licensed
program---but every person getting a copy also gets with it the
freedom to modify that copy (which means that they must get access to
the source code), and the freedom to distribute further copies.
Typical software companies use copyrights to limit your freedoms; the
Free Software Foundation uses the GPL to preserve these freedoms.

Fundamentally, the General Public License is a license which says that
you have these freedoms and that you cannot take these freedoms away
from anyone else.

_if__(!_AGGLOMERATION__)
For full details, @pxref{Copying, ,GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE}.
_fi__(!_AGGLOMERATION__)

@node Contributors
@unnumberedsec Contributors to GDB

Richard Stallman was the original author of GDB, and of many other GNU
programs.  Many others have contributed to its development.  This
section attempts to credit major contributors.  One of the virtues of
free software is that everyone is free to contribute to it; with
regret, we cannot actually acknowledge everyone here.  The file
@file{ChangeLog} in the GDB distribution approximates a blow-by-blow
account.

Changes much prior to version 2.0 are lost in the mists of time.

@quotation
@emph{Plea:} Additions to this section are particularly welcome.  If you
or your friends (or enemies; let's be evenhanded) have been unfairly
omitted from this list, we would like to add your names!
@end quotation

So that they may not regard their long labor as thankless, we
particularly thank those who shepherded GDB through major releases: Stu
Grossman and John Gilmore (releases 4.6, 4.5, 4.4), John Gilmore
(releases 4.3, 4.2, 4.1, 4.0, and 3.9); Jim Kingdon (releases 3.5, 3.4,
3.3); and Randy Smith (releases 3.2, 3.1, 3.0).  As major maintainer of
GDB for some period, each contributed significantly to the structure,
stability, and capabilities of the entire debugger.

Richard Stallman, assisted at various times by Pete TerMaat, Chris
Hanson, and Richard Mlynarik, handled releases through 2.8.

Michael Tiemann is the author of most of the GNU C++ support in GDB,
with significant additional contributions from Per Bothner.  James
Clark wrote the GNU C++ demangler.  Early work on C++ was by Peter
TerMaat (who also did much general update work leading to release 3.0).

GDB 4 uses the BFD subroutine library to examine multiple
object-file formats; BFD was a joint project of David V.
Henkel-Wallace, Rich Pixley, Steve Chamberlain, and John Gilmore.

David Johnson wrote the original COFF support; Pace Willison did
the original support for encapsulated COFF.

Adam de Boor and Bradley Davis contributed the ISI Optimum V support.
Per Bothner, Noboyuki Hikichi, and Alessandro Forin contributed MIPS
support.  Jean-Daniel Fekete contributed Sun 386i support.  Chris
Hanson improved the HP9000 support.  Noboyuki Hikichi and Tomoyuki
Hasei contributed Sony/News OS 3 support.  David Johnson contributed
Encore Umax support.  Jyrki Kuoppala contributed Altos 3068 support.
Keith Packard contributed NS32K support.  Doug Rabson contributed
Acorn Risc Machine support.  Chris Smith contributed Convex support
(and Fortran debugging).  Jonathan Stone contributed Pyramid support.
Michael Tiemann contributed SPARC support.  Tim Tucker contributed
support for the Gould NP1 and Gould Powernode.  Pace Willison
contributed Intel 386 support.  Jay Vosburgh contributed Symmetry
support.

Rich Schaefer and Peter Schauer helped with support of SunOS shared
libraries.

Jay Fenlason and Roland McGrath ensured that GDB and GAS agree about
several machine instruction sets.

Patrick Duval, Ted Goldstein, Vikram Koka and Glenn Engel helped
develop remote debugging.  Intel Corporation and Wind River Systems
contributed remote debugging modules for their products.

Brian Fox is the author of the readline libraries providing
command-line editing and command history.

Andrew Beers of SUNY Buffalo wrote the language-switching code and
the Modula-2 support, and contributed the Languages chapter of this
manual.

Fred Fish wrote most of the support for Unix System Vr4, and enhanced
the command-completion support to cover C++ overloaded symbols.

_if__(_GENERIC__ || !_H8__)
@node New Features
@unnumbered New Features since GDB version 3.5

@table @emph
@item Targets
Using the new command @code{target}, you can select at runtime whether
you are debugging local files, local processes, standalone systems over
a serial port, realtime systems over a TCP/IP connection, etc.  The
command @code{load} can download programs into a remote system.  Serial
stubs are available for Motorola 680x0, Intel 80386, and Sparc remote
systems; GDB also supports debugging realtime processes running under
VxWorks, using SunRPC Remote Procedure Calls over TCP/IP to talk to a
debugger stub on the target system.  Internally, GDB now uses a function
vector to mediate access to different targets; if you need to add your
own support for a remote protocol, this makes it much easier.

@item Watchpoints
GDB now sports watchpoints as well as breakpoints.  You can use a
watchpoint to stop execution whenever the value of an expression
changes, without having to predict a particular place in your program
where this may happen.

@item Wide Output
Commands that issue wide output now insert newlines at places designed
to make the output more readable.

@item Object Code Formats
GDB uses a new library called the Binary File Descriptor (BFD)
Library to permit it to switch dynamically, without reconfiguration or
recompilation, between different object-file formats.  Formats currently
supported are COFF, a.out, and the Intel 960 b.out; files may be read as
.o's, archive libraries, or core dumps.  BFD is available as a
subroutine library so that other programs may take advantage of it, and
the other GNU binary utilities are being converted to use it.

@item Configuration and Ports
Compile-time configuration (to select a particular architecture and
operating system) is much easier.  The script @code{configure} now
allows you to configure GDB as either a native debugger or a
cross-debugger. @xref{Installing GDB}, for details on how to
configure.