vi.apwh.ms

早期freebsd实现

at line number n,
and "/text", which searches for "text" and starts at the line where
it is found.
.IP "^^" 16
Switch back to the place you were before your last tag command.
If your last tag command stayed within the file, ^^ returns to that tag.
If you have no recent tag command, it will return to the
same place in the previous file that it was showing when you switched
to the current file.
.IP ":n[!]" 16
Start editing the next file in the argument list.  Since \fBvi\fR
can be called with multiple file names, the ":n" command tells it to
stop work on the current file and switch to the next file.  If the
current file was modifies, it has to be written out before the ":n"
will work or else the "!" must be supplied, which says discard the
changes I made to the current file.
.IP ":n[!] file [file file ...]" 16
.sp
Replace the current argument list with a new list of files and start
editing the first file in this new list.
.IP ":r file" 16
Read in a copy of "file" on the line after the cursor.
.IP ":r !cmd" 16
Execute the "cmd" and take its output and put it into the file after
the current line.
.IP ":!cmd" 16
Execute any UNIX shell command.
.IP ":ta[!] tag" 16
.B Vi
looks in the file named
.B tags
in the current directory.
.B Tags
is a file of lines in the format:
.sp 1
.ti +8
tag filename \fBvi\fR-search-command
.sp 1
If \fBvi\fR finds the tag you specified in the \fB:ta\fR command,
it stops editing the current file if necessary and if the current file is
up to date on the disk and switches to the file specified and uses the
search pattern specified to find the "tagged" item of interest.  This
is particularly useful when editing multi-file C programs such as the
operating system.  There is a program called \fBctags\fR which will
generate an appropriate \fBtags\fR file for C and f77
programs so that by saying
\fB:ta function<nl>\fR you will be switched to that function.
It could also be useful when editing multi-file documents, though the
\fBtags\fR file would have to be generated manually.
.LE
.NH 1
Special Arrangements for Startup
.PP
\fBVi\fR takes the value of \fB$TERM\fR and looks up the characteristics
of that terminal in the file \fB/etc/termcap\fR.
If you don't know \fBvi\fR's name for the terminal you are working
on, look in \fB/etc/termcap\fR.
.PP
When \fBvi\fR starts, it attempts to read the variable EXINIT
from your environment.*
If that exists, it takes the values in it as the default values
for certain of its internal constants.  See the section on "Set Values"
for further details.
If EXINIT doesn't exist you will get all the normal defaults.
.FS
* On version 6 systems
Instead of EXINIT, put the startup commands in the file .exrc
in your home directory.
.FE
.PP
Should you inadvertently hang up the phone while inside
.B vi ,
or should the computer crash,
all may not be lost.
Upon returning to the system, type:
.DS
vi \-r file
.DE
This will normally recover the file.  If there is more than one
temporary file for a specific file name, \fBvi\fR recovers the
newest one.  You can get an older version by recovering the
file more than once.
The command "vi -r" without a file name gives you the list of files
that were saved in the last system crash
(but
.I not
the file just saved when the phone was hung up).
.NH 1
Set Commands
.LP
\fBVi\fR has a number of internal variables and switches which can be
set to achieve special affects.
These options come in three forms, those that are switches, which toggle
from off to on and back, those that require a numeric value, and those
that require an alphanumeric string value.
The toggle options are set by a command of the form:
.DS
:set option<nl>
.DE
and turned off with the command:
.DS
:set nooption<nl>
.DE
Commands requiring a value are set with a command of the form:
.DS
:set option=value<nl>
.DE
To display the value of a specific option type:
.DS
:set option?<nl>
.DE
To display only those that you have changed type:
.DS
:set<nl>
.DE
and to display the long table of all the settable parameters and
their current values type:
.DS
:set all<nl>
.DE
.PP
Most of the options have a long form and an abbreviation.  Both are
listed in the following table as well as the normal default value.
.PP
To arrange to have values other than the default used every time you
enter
.B vi ,
place the appropriate
.B set
command in EXINIT in your environment, e.g.
.DS
EXINIT='set ai aw terse sh=/bin/csh'
export EXINIT
.DE
or
.DS
setenv EXINIT 'set ai aw terse sh=/bin/csh'
.DE
for
.B sh
and
.B csh ,
respectively.
These are usually placed in your .profile or .login.
If you are running a system without environments (such as version 6)
you can place the set command in the file .exrc in your home
directory.
.VL 16
.IP autoindent\ ai 16
Default: noai Type: toggle
.br
When in autoindent mode, vi helps you indent code by starting each
line in the same column as the preceding line.
Tabbing to the right with <tab> or <^T> will move this boundary to
the right, and it can be moved to the left with <^D>.
.IP autoprint\ ap 16
Default: ap Type: toggle
.br
Causes the current line to be printed after each ex text modifying command.
This is not of much interest in the normal \fBvi\fR visual mode.
.IP autowrite\ aw 16
Default: noaw type: toggle
.br
Autowrite causes an automatic write to be done if there are unsaved
changes before certain commands which change files or otherwise
interact with the outside world.
These commands are :!, :tag, :next, :rewind, ^^, and ^].
.IP beautify\ bf 16
Default: nobf Type: toggle
.br
Causes all control characters except <tab>, <nl>, and <ff> to be discarded.
.IP directory\ dir 16
Default: dir=/tmp Type: string
.br
This is the directory in which \fBvi\fR puts its temporary file.
.IP errorbells\ eb 16
Default: noeb Type: toggle
.br
Error messages are preceded by a <bell>.
.IP hardtabs\ ht 16
Default: hardtabs=8 Type: numeric
.br
This option contains the value of hardware tabs in your terminal, or
of software tabs expanded by the Unix system.
.IP ignorecase\ ic 16
Default: noic Type: toggle
.br
All upper case characters are mapped to lower case in regular expression
matching.
.IP lisp 16
Default: nolisp Type: toggle
.br
Autoindent for \fBlisp\fR code.  The commands \fB( ) [[\fR and \fB]]\fR
are modified appropriately to affect s-expressions and functions.
.IP list 16
Default: nolist Type: toggle
.br
All printed lines have the <tab> and <nl> characters displayed visually.
.IP magic 16
Default: magic Type: toggle
.br
Enable the metacharacters for matching.  These include \fB. * < > [string]
[^string]\fR and \fB[<chr>-<chr>]\fR.
.IP number\ nu 16
Default: nonu Type: toggle
.br
Each line is displayed with its line number.
.IP open 16
Default: open Type: toggle
.br
When set, prevents entering open or visual modes from ex or edit.
Not of interest from vi.
.IP optimize\ opt 16
Default: opt Type: toggle
.br
Basically of use only when using the \fBex\fR capabilities.  This
option prevents automatic <cr>s from taking place,
and speeds up output of indented lines,
at the expense of losing typeahead on some versions of UNIX.
.IP paragraphs\ para 16
Default: para=IPLPPPQPP\ bp Type: string
.br
Each pair of characters in the string indicate \fBnroff\fR macros
which are to be treated as the beginning of a paragraph for the
\fB{\fR and \fB}\fR commands.  The default string is for the \fB-ms\fR
and \fB-mm\fR macros.
To indicate one letter \fBnroff\fR macros, such as \fB.P\fR or \fB.H\fR,
quote a space in for the second character position.  For example:
.sp 1
.ti +8
:set paragraphs=P\e bp<nl>
.sp 1
would cause \fBvi\fR to consider \fB.P\fR and \fB.bp\fR as paragraph
delimiters.
.IP prompt 16
Default: prompt Type: toggle
.br
In
.B ex
command mode the prompt character \fB:\fR will be printed when
\fBex\fR is waiting for a command.  This is not of interest from vi.
.IP redraw 16
Default: noredraw Type: toggle
.br
On dumb terminals, force the screen to always be up to date,
by sending great amounts of output.  Useful only at high speeds.
.IP report 16
Default: report=5 Type: numeric
.br
This sets the threshold for the number of lines modified.  When
more than this number of lines are modified, removed, or yanked,
\fBvi\fR will report the number of lines changed at the bottom of
the screen.
.IP scroll 16
Default: scroll={1/2 window} Type: numeric
.br
This is the number of lines that the screen scrolls up or down when
using the <^U> and <^D> commands.
.IP sections 16
Default: sections=SHNHH HU Type: string
.br
Each two character pair of this string specify \fBnroff\fR macro names
which are to be treated as the beginning of a section by the
\fB]]\fR and \fB[[\fR commands.  The default string is for the \fB-ms\fR
and \fB-mm\fR macros.
To enter one letter \fBnroff\fR macros, use a quoted space as the
second character.
See \fBparagraphs\fR for a fuller explanation.
.IP shell\ sh 16
Default: sh=from environment SHELL or /bin/sh   Type: string
.br
This is the name of the \fBsh\fR to be used for "escaped" commands.
.IP shiftwidth\ sw 16
Default: sw=8 Type: numeric
.br
This is the number of spaces that a <^T> or <^D> will move over for
indenting, and the amount < and > shift by.
.IP showmatch\ sm 16
Default: nosm Type: toggle
.br
When a \fB)\fR or \fB}\fR is typed, show the matching \fB(\fR or \fB{\fR
by moving the cursor to it for one second if it is on the current screen.
.IP slowopen\ slow 16
Default: terminal dependent Type: toggle
.br
On terminals that are slow and unintelligent, this option prevents the
updating of the screen some of the time to improve speed.
.IP tabstop\ ts 16
Default: ts=8 Type: numeric
.br
<tab>s are expanded to boundaries that are multiples of this value.
.IP taglength\ tl 16
Default: tl=0 Type: numeric
.br
If nonzero, tag names are only significant to this many characters.
.IP term 16
Default: (from environment \fBTERM\fP, else dumb) Type: string
.br
This is the terminal and controls the visual displays.  It cannot be
changed when in "visual" mode,
you have to Q to command mode, type a
set term command, and do ``vi.'' to get back into visual.
Or exit vi, fix $TERM, and reenter.
The definitions that drive a particular
terminal type are found in the file \fB/etc/termcap\fR.
.IP terse 16
Default: terse Type: toggle
.br
When set, the error diagnostics are short.
.IP warn 16
Default: warn Type: toggle
.br
The user is warned if she/he tries to escape to
the shell without writing out the current changes.
.IP window 16
Default: window={8 at 600 baud or less, 16 at 1200 baud, and screen
size \- 1 at 2400 baud or more} Type: numeric
.br
This is the number of lines in the window whenever \fBvi\fR must redraw
an entire screen.  It is useful to make this size smaller if you are
on a slow line.
.IP w300,\ w1200,\ w9600
.br
These set window, but only within the corresponding speed ranges.
They are useful in an EXINIT to fine tune window sizes.
For example,
.DS
set w300=4 w1200=12
.DE
causes a 4 lines window at speed up to 600 baud, a 12 line window at 1200
baud, and a full screen (the default) at over 1200 baud.
.IP wrapscan\ ws 16
Default: ws Type: toggle
.br
Searches will wrap around the end of the file when is option is set.  When
it is off, the search will terminate when it reaches the end or the
beginning of the file.
.IP wrapmargin\ wm 16
Default: wm=0 Type: numeric
.br
\fBVi\fR will automatically insert a <nl> when it finds a natural
break point (usually a <sp> between words) that occurs within
"wm" spaces of the right margin.
Therefore with "wm=0" the option is off.  Setting it to 10 would
mean that any time you are within 10 spaces of the right margin
\fBvi\fR would be looking for a <sp> or <tab> which it could
replace with a <nl>.  This is convenient for people who forget
to look at the screen while they type.
(In version 3, wrapmargin behaves more like nroff, in that the
boundary specified by the distance from the right edge of the screen
is taken as the rightmost edge of the area where a break is allowed,
instead of the leftmost edge.)
.IP writeany\ wa 16
Default: nowa Type: toggle
.br
\fBVi\fR normally makes a number of checks before it writes out a file.
This prevents the user from inadvertently destroying a file.  When the
"writeany" option is enabled, \fBvi\fR no longer makes these checks.
.LE