vi.apwh.ms

早期freebsd实现

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.\"	@(#)vi.apwh.ms	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
.\"
.TL
Vi Command & Function Reference
.AU CB 2675
Alan P.W. Hewett
.sp
Revised for version 2.12 by Mark Horton
.CB
.NH 1
Author's Disclaimer
.LP
This document does not claim to be 100% complete.  There are a
few commands listed in the original document that I was unable
to test either because I do not speak \fBlisp\fR, because they
required programs we don't have, or because I wasn't able to make
them work.  In these cases I left the command out.  The commands
listed in this document have been tried and are known to work.
It is expected that prospective users of this document will read
it once to get the flavor of everything that \fBvi\fR can do
and then use it as a reference document.  Experimentation is
recommended.  If you don't understand a command, try it and
see what happens.
.LP
[Note: In revising this document, I have attempted to make it
completely reflect version 2.12 of
.B vi .
It does not attempt to document the VAX version (version 3),
but with one or two exceptions (wrapmargin, arrow keys)
everything said about 2.12 should apply to 3.1.
.I "Mark Horton" ]
.NH 1
Notation
.LP
\fB[option]\fR is used to denote optional parts of a command.
Many \fBvi\fR commands have an optional count.  \fB[cnt]\fR
means that an optional number may precede the command to
multiply or iterate the command.
\fB{variable item}\fR is used to denote parts of the command
which must appear, but can take a number of different values.
\fB<character [-character]>\fR means that the character or
one of the characters in the range described between the
two angle brackets is to be typed.
For example \fB<esc>\fR means
the \fBescape\fR key is to be typed.  \fB<a-z>\fR means that a
lower case letter is to be typed.  \fB^<character>\fR means that
the character is to be typed as a \fBcontrol\fR character, that is,
with the \fB<cntl>\fR key held down while simultaneously typing
the specified character.  In this document control characters will
be denoted using the \fIupper case\fR character, but
^<uppercase chr> and ^<lowercase chr> are equivalent.  That is, for
example, \fB<^D>\fR is equal to \fB<^d>\fR.
The most common character abbreviations
used in this list are as follows:
.VL 8
.IP <esc> 8
escape, octal 033
.IP <cr> 8
carriage return, ^M, octal 015
.IP <lf> 8
linefeed ^J, octal 012
.IP <nl> 8
newline, ^J, octal 012 (same as linefeed)
.IP <bs> 8
backspace, ^H, octal 010
.IP <tab> 8
tab, ^I, octal 011
.IP <bell> 8
bell, ^G, octal 07
.IP <ff> 8
formfeed, ^L, octal 014
.IP <sp> 8
space, octal 040
.IP <del> 8
delete, octal 0177
.LE
.sp 1
.NH 1
Basics
.LP
To run \fBvi\fR the shell variable \fBTERM\fR must be defined and
exported to your environment.
How you do this depends on which shell you are using.
You can tell which shell you have by the character it
prompts you for commands with.
The Bourne shell prompts with `$', and the C shell prompts with `%'.
For these examples, we will suppose
that you are using an HP 2621 terminal, whose termcap name is ``2621''.
.NH 2
Bourne Shell
.LP
To manually set your terminal type to 2621 you would type:
.DS
TERM=2621
export TERM
.DE
.PP
There are various ways of having this automatically or
semi-automatically done when you log in.
Suppose you usually dial in on a 2621.
You want to tell this to the machine, but still have it
work when you use a hardwired terminal.
The recommended way, if you have the
.B tset
program, is to use the sequence
.DS
tset \-s \-d 2621 > tset$$
\&. tset$$
rm tset$$
.DE
in your .login (for csh) or the same thing using `.' instead of `source'
in your .profile (for sh).
The above line says that if you are dialing in you are on a 2621,
but if you are on a hardwired terminal it figures out your terminal
type from an on-line list.
.NH 2
The C Shell
.LP
To manually set your terminal type to 2621 you would type:
.DS
setenv TERM 2621
.DE
.PP
There are various ways of having this automatically or
semi-automatically done when you log in.
Suppose you usually dial in on a 2621.
You want to tell this to the machine, but still have it
work when you use a hardwired terminal.
The recommended way, if you have the
.B tset
program, is to use the sequence
.DS
tset \-s \-d 2621 > tset$$
source tset$$
rm tset$$
.DE
in your .login.*
.FS
* On a version 6 system
without environments, the invocation of tset
is simpler, just add the line ``tset \-d 2621''
to your .login or .profile.
.FE
The above line says that if you are dialing in you are on a 2621,
but if you are on a hardwired terminal it figures out your terminal
type from an on-line list.
.NH 1
Normal Commands
.LP
\fBVi\fR is a visual editor with a window on the file.  What
you see on the screen is \fBvi\fR's current notion of
what your file will contain,
(at this point in the file),
when it is written out.
Most commands do not cause any change in the screen until the
complete command is typed.  Should you get confused while
typing a command, you can abort the command by typing an
<del> character.  You will know you are back to command level
when you hear a <bell>.  Usually typing an <esc> will produce the
same result.  When \fBvi\fR gets an improperly formatted command
it rings the <bell>.
Following are the \fBvi\fR commands broken down by function.
.NH 2
Entry and Exit
.LP
To enter
.B vi
on a particular
.I file ,
type
.DS
\fBvi\fP \fIfile\fP
.DE
The file will be read in and the cursor will be placed at the beginning
of the first line.
The first screenfull of the file will be displayed on the terminal.
.PP
To get out of the editor, type
.DS
ZZ
.DE
If you are in some special mode, such as input mode
or the middle of a multi-keystroke command, it may
be necessary to type <esc> first.
.NH 2
Cursor and Page Motion
.LP
.VL 16
.B NOTE:
The arrow keys (see the next four commands)
on certain kinds of terminals will not work with the
PDP-11 version of vi.  The control versions or the hjkl versions will
work on any terminal.  Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because
they are always right under their fingers.  Beginners often prefer
the arrow keys, since they do not require memorization of which hjkl
key is which.
The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking at the keyboard of an adm3a.
.sp
.IP "[cnt]<bs> or [cnt]h or [cnt]\(<-" 16
.br
Move the cursor to the left one character.  Cursor stops at the left
margin of the page.
If cnt is given, these commands move that many spaces.
.IP "[cnt]^N or [cnt]j or [cnt]\(da or [cnt]<lf>" 16
.br
Move down one line.
Moving off the screen scrolls the window to force a new line
onto the screen.
Mnemonic: \fBN\fRext
.IP "[cnt]^P or [cnt]k or [cnt]\(ua" 16
.br
Move up one line.
Moving off the top of the screen forces new text onto the screen.
Mnemonic: \fBP\fRrevious
.IP "[cnt]<sp> or [cnt]l or [cnt]\(->" 16
.br
Move to the right one character.
Cursor will not go beyond the end of the line.
.IP [cnt]- 16
Move the cursor up the screen to the beginning of the next line.
Scroll if necessary.
.IP "[cnt]+ or [cnt]<cr>" 16
.sp 1
Move the cursor down the screen to the beginning of the next line.
Scroll up if necessary.
.IP "[cnt]$" 16
Move the cursor to the end of the line.
If there is a count, move to the end of the line "cnt" lines
forward in the file.
.IP "^" 16
Move the cursor to the beginning of the first word on the line.
.IP "0" 16
Move the cursor to the left margin of the current line.
.IP "[cnt]|" 16
Move the cursor to the column specified by the count.  The default is
column zero.
.IP "[cnt]w" 16
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word. If there
is a count, then move forward that many words and
position the cursor at the beginning of the word.
Mnemonic: next-\fBw\fRord
.IP "[cnt]W" 16
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word which follows
a "white space" (<sp>,<tab>, or <nl>).  Ignore other punctuation.
.IP "[cnt]b" 16
Move the cursor to the preceding word.  Mnemonic: \fBb\fRackup-word
.IP "[cnt]B" 16
Move the cursor to the preceding word that is separated from the
current word by a "white space" (<sp>,<tab>, or <nl>).
.IP "[cnt]e" 16
Move the cursor to the end of the current word or the end of the
"cnt"'th word hence.  Mnemonic: \fBe\fRnd-of-word
.IP "[cnt]E" 16
Move the cursor to the end of the current word which is delimited by
"white space" (<sp>,<tab>, or <nl>).
.IP "[line number]G" 16
.br
Move the cursor to the line specified.  Of particular use are the
sequences "1G" and "G", which move the cursor to the beginning and
the end of the file respectively.  Mnemonic: \fBG\fRo-to
.LP
.B NOTE:
The next four commands (^D, ^U, ^F, ^B)
are not true motion commands, in that they
cannot be used as the object of commands such as delete or change.
.IP "[cnt]^D" 16
Move the cursor down in the file by "cnt" lines (or the last "cnt"
if a new count isn't given.  The initial default is half a page.)  The
screen is simultaneously scrolled up.  Mnemonic: \fBD\fRown
.IP "[cnt]^U" 16
Move the cursor up in the file by "cnt" lines.  The screen is simultaneously
scrolled down.  Mnemonic: \fBU\fRp
.IP "[cnt]^F" 16
Move the cursor to the next page.  A count moves that many pages.
Two lines of the previous page are kept on the screen for continuity if
possible.  Mnemonic: \fBF\fRorward-a-page
.IP "[cnt]^B" 16
Move the cursor to the previous page.  Two lines of the current page
are kept if possible.  Mnemonic: \fBB\fRackup-a-page
.IP "[cnt](" 16
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next sentence.
A sentence is defined as ending with a ".", "!", or "?"
followed by two spaces or a <nl>.
.IP "[cnt])" 16
Move the cursor backwards to the beginning of a sentence.
.IP "[cnt]}" 16
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph.  This command
works best inside \fBnroff\fR documents.  It understands two sets of
\fBnroff\fR macros, \fB\-ms\fR and \fB\-mm\fR, for which the
commands ".IP", ".LP", ".PP", ".QP", "P", as well as the nroff command ".bp"
are considered to be paragraph delimiters.
A blank line also delimits a paragraph.
The \fBnroff\fR macros that it accepts as paragraph delimiters is
adjustable.  See \fBparagraphs\fR under the \fBSet Commands\fR section.
.IP "[cnt]{" 16
Move the cursor backwards to the beginning of a paragraph.
.IP "]]" 16
Move the cursor to the next "section", where a section is defined by
two sets of \fBnroff\fR macros, \fB\-ms\fR and \fB\-mm\fR, in which
".NH", ".SH", and ".H" delimit a section.  A line beginning with a <ff><nl>
sequence, or a line beginning with a "{" are also considered to
be section delimiters.  The last option makes it
useful for finding the beginnings of C functions.
The \fBnroff\fR macros that are used for section delimiters can be adjusted.
See \fBsections\fR under the \fBSet Commands\fR section.
.IP "[[" 16
Move the cursor backwards to the beginning of a section.
.IP "%" 16
Move the cursor to the matching parenthesis
or brace.  This is very useful in C or lisp code.  If the
cursor is sitting on a \fB( ) {\fR or \fB}\fR the cursor
is moved to the matching character at the other end of the
section.  If the cursor is not sitting on a brace or a
parenthesis, \fBvi\fR searches forward until it finds one
and then jumps to the match mate.
.IP "[cnt]H" 16
If there is no count move the cursor to the top left position on the screen.
If there is a count, then move the cursor to the beginning of the line
"cnt" lines from the top of the screen.  Mnemonic:  \fBH\fRome
.IP "[cnt]L" 16
If there is no count move the cursor to the beginning
of the last line on the screen.
If there is a count, then move the cursor to the beginning of the line
"cnt" lines from the bottom of the screen.  Mnemonic: \fBL\fRast
.IP "M" 16
Move the cursor to the beginning of the middle line on the screen.
Mnemonic: \fBM\fRiddle
.IP "m<a-z>" 16
This command does not move the cursor, but it \fBmarks\fR the place