vi.chars

早期freebsd实现

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.\"	@(#)vi.chars	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
.\"
.bd S 3
..pn 21
.de iP
.IP "\fB\\$1\fR" \\$2
..
.SH
Appendix: character functions
.PP
This appendix gives the uses the editor makes of each character.  The
characters are presented in their order in the \s-2ASCII\s0 character
set:  Control characters come first, then most special characters, then
the digits, upper and then lower case characters.
.PP
For each character we tell a meaning it has as a command and any meaning it
has during an insert.
If it has only meaning as a command, then only this is discussed.
Section numbers in parentheses indicate where the character is discussed;
a `f' after the section number means that the character is mentioned
in a footnote.
.iP "^@" 15
Not a command character.
If typed as the first character of an insertion it is replaced with the
last text inserted, and the insert terminates.  Only 128 characters are
saved from the last insert; if more characters were inserted the mechanism
is not available.
A \fB^@\fR cannot be part of the file due to the editor implementation
(7.5f).
.iP "^A" 15
Unused.
.iP "^B" 15
Backward window.
A count specifies repetition.
Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2).
.iP "^C" 15
Unused.
.iP "^D" 15
As a command, scrolls down a half-window of text.  
A count gives the number of (logical) lines to scroll, and is remembered
for future \fB^D\fR and \fB^U\fR commands (2.1, 7.2).
During an insert, backtabs over \fIautoindent\fR white space at the beginning
of a line (6.6, 7.5); this white space cannot be backspaced over.
.iP "^E" 15
Exposes one more line below the current screen in the file, leaving
the cursor where it is if possible.
(Version 3 only.)
.iP "^F" 15
Forward window.  A count specifies repetition.
Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2).
.iP "^G" 15
Equivalent to \fB:f\fR\s-2CR\s0, printing the current file, whether
it has been modified, the current line number and the number of lines
in the file, and the percentage of the way through the file that you
are.
.iP "^H (\fR\s-2BS\s0\fP)" 15
Same as
.B "left arrow" .
(See
.B h ).
During an insert, eliminates the last input character, backing over it
but not erasing it; it remains so you can see what you typed if you
wish to type something only slightly different (3.1, 7.5).
.iP "^I\ (\fR\s-2TAB\s0\fP)" 15
Not a command character.
When inserted it prints as some
number of spaces.
When the cursor is at a tab character it rests at the last of the spaces
which represent the tab.
The spacing of tabstops is controlled by the \fItabstop\fR option (4.1, 6.6).
.iP "^J\ (\fR\s-2LF\s0\fP)" 15
Same as
.B "down arrow"
(see
.B j ).
.iP "^K" 15
Unused.
.iP "^L" 15
The \s-2ASCII\s0 formfeed character, this causes the screen to be cleared
and redrawn.  This is useful after a transmission error, if characters
typed by a program other than the editor scramble the screen,
or after output is stopped by an interrupt (5.4, 7.2f).
.iP "^M\ (\fR\s-2CR\s0\fP)" 15
A carriage return advances to the next line, at the first non-white position
in the line.  Given a count, it advances that many lines (2.3).
During an insert, a \s-2CR\s0 causes the insert to continue onto
another line (3.1).
.iP "^N" 15
Same as
.B "down arrow"
(see
.B j ).
.iP "^O" 15
Unused.
.iP "^P" 15
Same as
.B "up arrow"
(see
.B k ).
.iP "^Q" 15
Not a command character.
In input mode,
.B ^Q
quotes the next character, the same as
.B ^V ,
except that some teletype drivers will eat the
.B ^Q
so that the editor never sees it.
.iP "^R" 15
Redraws the current screen, eliminating logical lines not corresponding
to physical lines (lines with only a single @ character on them).
On hardcopy terminals in \fIopen\fR mode, retypes the current line
(5.4, 7.2, 7.8).
.iP "^S" 15
Unused.  Some teletype drivers use
.B ^S
to suspend output until
.B ^Q is pressed.
.iP "^T" 15
Not a command character.
During an insert, with \fIautoindent\fR set and at the beginning of the
line, inserts \fIshiftwidth\fR white space.
.iP "^U" 15
Scrolls the screen up, inverting \fB^D\fR which scrolls down.  Counts work as
they do for \fB^D\fR, and the previous scroll amount is common to both.
On a dumb terminal, \fB^U\fR will often necessitate clearing and redrawing
the screen further back in the file (2.1, 7.2).
.iP "^V" 15
Not a command character.
In input mode, quotes the next character so that it is possible
to insert non-printing and special characters into the file (4.2, 7.5).
.iP "^W" 15
Not a command character.
During an insert, backs up as \fBb\fR would in command mode; the deleted
characters remain on the display (see \fB^H\fR) (7.5).
.iP "^X" 15
Unused.
.iP "^Y" 15
Exposes one more line above the current screen, leaving the cursor where
it is if possible.  (No mnemonic value for this key; however, it is next
to \fB^U\fR which scrolls up a bunch.)
(Version 3 only.)
.iP "^Z" 15
If supported by the Unix system,
stops the editor, exiting to the top level shell.
Same as \fB:stop\fP\s-2CR\s0.
Otherwise, unused.
.iP "^[\ (\fR\s-2ESC\s0\fP)" 15
Cancels a partially formed command, such as a \fBz\fR when no following
character has yet been given; terminates inputs on the last line (read
by commands such as \fB: /\fR and \fB?\fR); ends insertions of new text
into the buffer.
If an \s-2ESC\s0 is given when quiescent in command state, the editor
rings the bell or flashes the screen.  You can thus hit \s-2ESC\s0 if
you don't know what is happening till the editor rings the bell.
If you don't know if you are in insert mode you can type \s-2ESC\s0\fBa\fR,
and then material to be input; the material will be inserted correctly
whether or not you were in insert mode when you started (1.5, 3.1, 7.5).
.iP "^\e" 15
Unused.
.iP "^]" 15
Searches for the word which is after the cursor as a tag.  Equivalent
to typing \fB:ta\fR, this word, and then a \s-2CR\s0.
Mnemonically, this command is ``go right to'' (7.3).
.iP "^\(ua" 15
Equivalent to \fB:e #\fR\s-2CR\s0, returning to the previous position
in the last edited file, or editing a file which you specified if you
got a `No write since last change diagnostic' and do not want to have
to type the file name again (7.3).
(You have to do a \fB:w\fR before \fB^\(ua\fR
will work in this case.  If you do not wish to write the file you should
do \fB:e!\ #\fR\s-2CR\s0 instead.)
.iP "^_" 15
Unused.
Reserved as the command character for the
Tektronix 4025 and 4027 terminal.
.iP "\fR\s-2SPACE\s0\fP" 15
Same as
.B "right arrow"
(see
.B l ).
.iP "!" 15
An operator, which processes lines from the buffer with reformatting commands.
Follow \fB!\fR with the object to be processed, and then the command name
terminated by \s-2CR\s0.  Doubling \fB!\fR and preceding it by a count
causes count lines to be filtered; otherwise the count
is passed on to the object after the \fB!\fR.  Thus \fB2!}\fR\fIfmt\fR\s-2CR\s0
reformats the next two paragraphs by running them through the program
\fIfmt\fR.  If you are working on \s-2LISP\s0,
the command \fB!%\fR\fIgrind\fR\s-2CR\s0,*
.FS
*Both
.I fmt
and
.I grind
are Berkeley programs and may not be present at all installations.
.FE
given at the beginning of a
function, will run the text of the function through the \s-2LISP\s0 grinder
(6.7, 7.3).
To read a file or the output of a command into the buffer use \fB:r\fR (7.3).
To simply execute a command use \fB:!\fR (7.3).
.tr "
.iP  15
Precedes a named buffer specification.  There are named buffers \fB1\-9\fR
used for saving deleted text and named buffers \fBa\-z\fR into which you can
place text (4.3, 6.3)
.tr 
.iP "#" 15
The macro character which, when followed by a number, will substitute
for a function key on terminals without function keys (6.9).
In input mode, 
if this is your erase character, it will delete the last character
you typed in input mode, and must be preceded with a \fB\e\fR to insert
it, since it normally backs over the last input character you gave.
.iP "$" 15
Moves to the end of the current line.  If you \fB:se list\fR\s-2CR\s0,
then the end of each line will be shown by printing a \fB$\fR after the
end of the displayed text in the line.  Given a count, advances to the
count'th following end of line; thus \fB2$\fR advances to the end of the
following line.
.iP "%" 15
Moves to the parenthesis or brace \fB{ }\fR which balances the parenthesis
or brace at the current cursor position.
.iP "&" 15
A synonym for \fB:&\fR\s-2CR\s0, by analogy with the
.I ex
.B &
command.
.iP "\(aa" 15
When followed by a \fB\(aa\fR returns to the previous context at the
beginning of a line.  The previous context is set whenever the current
line is moved in a non-relative way.
When followed by a letter \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR, returns to the line which
was marked with this letter with a \fBm\fR command, at the first non-white
character in the line. (2.2, 5.3).
When used with an operator such as \fBd\fR, the operation takes place
over complete lines; if you use \fB\(ga\fR, the operation takes place
from the exact marked place to the current cursor position within the
line.
.iP "(" 15
Retreats to the beginning of a
sentence, or to the beginning of a \s-2LISP\s0 s-expression
if the \fIlisp\fR option is set.
A sentence ends at a \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR which is followed by either
the end of a line or by two spaces.  Any number of closing \fB) ] "\fR
and \fB\(aa\fR characters may appear after the \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR,
and before the spaces or end of line.  Sentences also begin
at paragraph and section boundaries
(see \fB{\fR and \fB[[\fR below).
A count advances that many sentences (4.2, 6.8).
.iP ")" 15
Advances to the beginning of a sentence.
A count repeats the effect.
See \fB(\fR above for the definition of a sentence (4.2, 6.8).
.iP "*" 15
Unused.
.iP "+" 15
Same as \s-2CR\s0 when used as a command.
.iP "," 15
Reverse of the last \fBf F t\fR or \fBT\fR command, looking the other way
in the current line.  Especially useful after hitting too many \fB;\fR
characters.  A count repeats the search.
.iP "\-" 15
Retreats to the previous line at the first non-white character.
This is the inverse of \fB+\fR and \s-2RETURN\s0.
If the line moved to is not on the screen, the screen is scrolled, or
cleared and redrawn if this is not possible.
If a large amount of scrolling would be required the screen is also cleared
and redrawn, with the current line at the center (2.3).
.iP "\&." 15
Repeats the last command which changed the buffer.  Especially useful
when deleting words or lines; you can delete some words/lines and then
hit \fB.\fR to delete more and more words/lines.
Given a count, it passes it on to the command being repeated.  Thus after
a \fB2dw\fR, \fB3.\fR deletes three words (3.3, 6.3, 7.2, 7.4).
.iP "/" 15
Reads a string from the last line on the screen, and scans forward for
the next occurrence of this string.  The normal input editing sequences may
be used during the input on the bottom line; an returns to command state
without ever searching.
The search begins when you hit \s-2CR\s0 to terminate the pattern;
the cursor moves to the beginning of the last line to indicate that the search
is in progress; the search may then
be terminated with a \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0, or by backspacing when
at the beginning of the bottom line, returning the cursor to
its initial position.
Searches normally wrap end-around to find a string
anywhere in the buffer.
.IP
When used with an operator the enclosed region is normally affected.
By mentioning an