ex.rm

早期freebsd实现

An offset relative to the current buffer line.\(dg
.FS
\(dg
The forms `.+3' `+3' and `+++' are all equivalent;
if the current line is line 100 they all address line 103.
.FE
.IP \fB/\fIpat\fR\fB/\fR\ \fB?\fIpat\fR\fB?\fR 20
Scan forward and backward respectively for a line containing \fIpat\fR, a
regular expression (as defined below).  The scans normally wrap around the end
of the buffer.
If all that is desired is to print the next line containing \fIpat\fR, then
the trailing \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR may be omitted.
If \fIpat\fP is omitted or explicitly empty, then the last
regular expression specified is located.\(dd
.FS
\(dd The forms \fB\e/\fP and \fB\e?\fP scan
using the last regular expression used in a scan; after a substitute
\fB//\fP and \fB??\fP would scan using the substitute's regular expression.
.FE
.IP \fB\(aa\(aa\fP\ \fB\(aa\fP\fIx\fP 20
Before each non-relative motion of the current line `\fB.\fP',
the previous current line is marked with a tag, subsequently referred to as
`\(aa\(aa'.
This makes it easy to refer or return to this previous context.
Marks may also be established by the
.I mark
command, using single lower case letters
.I x
and the marked lines referred to as
`\(aa\fIx\fR'.
.NH 2
Combining addressing primitives
.PP
Addresses to commands consist of a series of addressing primitives,
separated by `,' or `;'.
Such address lists are evaluated left-to-right.
When addresses are separated by `;' the current line `\fB.\fR'
is set to the value of the previous addressing expression
before the next address is interpreted.
If more addresses are given than the command requires,
then all but the last one or two are ignored.
If the command takes two addresses, the first addressed line must
precede the second in the buffer.\(dg
.FS
\(dg Null address specifications are permitted in a list of addresses,
the default in this case is the current line `.';
thus `,100' is equivalent to `\fB.\fR,100'.
It is an error to give a prefix address to a command which expects none.
.FE
.NH 1
Command descriptions
.PP
The following form is a prototype for all
.I ex
commands:
.DS
\fIaddress\fR \fBcommand\fR \fI! parameters count flags\fR
.DE
All parts are optional; the degenerate case is the empty command which prints
the next line in the file.  For sanity with use from within
.I visual
mode,
.I ex
ignores a ``:'' preceding any command.
.PP
In the following command descriptions, the
default addresses are shown in parentheses,
which are
.I not,
however,
part of the command.
.LC
\fBabbreviate\fR \fIword rhs\fP	abbr: \fBab\fP
.ZP
Add the named abbreviation to the current list.
When in input mode in visual, if
.I word
is typed as a complete word, it will be changed to
.I rhs .
.LC
( \fB.\fR ) \fBappend\fR	abbr: \fBa\fR
.br
\fItext\fR
.br
\&\fB.\fR
.ZP
Reads the input text and places it after the specified line.
After the command, `\fB.\fR'
addresses the last line input or the
specified line if no lines were input.
If address `0' is given,
text is placed at the beginning of the buffer.
.LC
\fBa!\fR
.br
\fItext\fR
.br
\&\fB.\fR
.ZP
The variant flag to
.I append
toggles the setting for the
.I autoindent
option during the input of
.I text.
.LC
\fBargs\fR
.ZP
The members of the argument list are printed, with the current argument
delimited by `[' and `]'.
.ig
.PP
\fBcd\fR \fIdirectory\fR
.ZP
The
.I cd
command is a synonym for
.I chdir.
..
.LC
( \fB.\fP , \fB.\fP ) \fBchange\fP \fIcount\fP	abbr: \fBc\fP
.br
\fItext\fP
.br
\&\fB.\fP
.ZP
Replaces the specified lines with the input \fItext\fP.
The current line becomes the last line input;
if no lines were input it is left as for a
\fIdelete\fP.
.LC
\fBc!\fP
.br
\fItext\fP
.br
\&\fB.\fP
.ZP
The variant toggles
.I autoindent
during the
.I change.
.ig
.LC
\fBchdir\fR \fIdirectory\fR
.ZP
The specified \fIdirectory\fR becomes the current directory.
If no directory is specified, the current value of the
.I home
option is used as the target directory.
After a
.I chdir
the current file is not considered to have been
edited so that write restrictions on pre-existing files apply.
..
.LC
( \fB.\fP , \fB.\fP )\|\fBcopy\fP \fIaddr\fP \fIflags\fP	abbr: \fBco\fP
.ZP
A
.I copy
of the specified lines is placed after
.I addr,
which may be `0'.
The current line
`\fB.\fR'
addresses the last line of the copy.
The command
.I t
is a synonym for
.I copy.
.LC
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR )\|\fBdelete\fR \fIbuffer\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR	abbr: \fBd\fR
.ZP
Removes the specified lines from the buffer.
The line after the last line deleted becomes the current line;
if the lines deleted were originally at the end,
the new last line becomes the current line.
If a named
.I buffer
is specified by giving a letter,
then the specified lines are saved in that buffer,
or appended to it if an upper case letter is used.
.LC
\fBedit\fR \fIfile\fR	abbr: \fBe\fR
.br
\fBex\fR \fIfile\fR
.ZP
Used to begin an editing session on a new file.
The editor
first checks to see if the buffer has been modified since the last
.I write
command was issued.
If it has been,
a warning is issued and the
command is aborted.
The
command otherwise deletes the entire contents of the editor buffer,
makes the named file the current file and prints the new filename.
After insuring that this file is sensible\(dg
.FS
\(dg I.e., that it is not a binary file such as a directory,
a block or character special file other than
.I /dev/tty,
a terminal,
or a binary or executable file
(as indicated by the first word).
.FE
the editor reads the file into its buffer.
.IP
If the read of the file completes without error,
the number of lines and characters read is typed.
If there were any non-\s-2ASCII\s0 characters
in the file they are stripped of their non-\s-2ASCII\s0
high bits,
and any null characters in the file are discarded.
If none of these errors occurred, the file is considered
.I edited.
If the last line of the input file is missing the trailing
newline character, it will be supplied and a complaint will be issued.
This command leaves the current line `\fB.\fR' at the last line read.\(dd
.FS
\(dd If executed from within
.I open
or
.I visual,
the current line is initially the first line of the file.
.FE
.LC
\fBe!\fR \fIfile\fR
.ZP
The variant form suppresses the complaint about modifications having
been made and not written from the editor buffer, thus
discarding all changes which have been made before editing the new file.
.LC
\fBe\fR \fB+\fIn\fR \fIfile\fR
.ZP
Causes the editor to begin at line
.I n
rather than at the last line;
\fIn\fR may also be an editor command containing no spaces, e.g.: ``+/pat''.
.LC
\fBfile\fR	abbr: \fBf\fR
.ZP
Prints the current file name,
whether it has been `[Modified]' since the last
.I write 
command,
whether it is
.I "read only" ,
the current line,
the number of lines in the buffer,
and the percentage of the way through the buffer of the current line.*
.FS
* In the rare case that the current file is `[Not edited]' this is
noted also; in this case you have to use the form \fBw!\fR to write to
the file, since the editor is not sure that a \fBwrite\fR will not
destroy a file unrelated to the current contents of the buffer.
.FE
.LC
\fBfile\fR \fIfile\fR
.ZP
The current file name is changed to
.I file
which is considered 
`[Not edited]'.
.LC
( 1 , $ ) \fBglobal\fR /\fIpat\|\fR/ \fIcmds\fR	abbr: \fBg\fR
.ZP
First marks each line among those specified which matches
the given regular expression.
Then the given command list is executed with `\fB.\fR' initially
set to each marked line.
.IP
The command list consists of the remaining commands on the current
input line and may continue to multiple lines by ending all but the
last such line with a `\e'.
If
.I cmds
(and possibly the trailing \fB/\fR delimiter) is omitted, each line matching
.I pat
is printed.
.I Append,
.I insert,
and
.I change
commands and associated input are permitted;
the `\fB.\fR' terminating input may be omitted if it would be on the
last line of the command list.
.I Open
and
.I visual
commands are permitted in the command list and take input from the terminal.
.IP
The
.I global
command itself may not appear in
.I cmds.
The
.I undo
command is also not permitted there,
as
.I undo
instead can be used to reverse the entire
.I global
command.
The options
.I autoprint
and
.I autoindent
are inhibited during a
.I global,
(and possibly the trailing \fB/\fR delimiter) and the value of the
.I report
option is temporarily infinite,
in deference to a \fIreport\fR for the entire global.
Finally, the context mark `\'\'' is set to the value of
`.' before the global command begins and is not changed during a global
command,
except perhaps by an
.I open
or
.I visual
within the
.I global.
.LC
\fBg!\fR \fB/\fIpat\fB/\fR \fIcmds\fR	abbr: \fBv\fR
.IP
The variant form of \fIglobal\fR runs \fIcmds\fR at each line not matching
\fIpat\fR.
.LC
( \fB.\fR )\|\fBinsert\fR	abbr: \fBi\fR
.br
\fItext\fR
.br
\&\fB.\fR
.ZP
Places the given text before the specified line.
The current line is left at the last line input;
if there were none input it is left at the line before the addressed line.
This command differs from
.I append
only in the placement of text.
.KS
.LC
\fBi!\fR
.br
\fItext\fR
.br
\&\fB.\fR
.ZP
The variant toggles
.I autoindent
during the
.I insert.
.KE
.LC
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR+1 ) \fBjoin\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR	abbr: \fBj\fR
.ZP
Places the text from a specified range of lines
together on one line.
White space is adjusted at each junction to provide at least
one blank character, two if there was a `\fB.\fR' at the end of the line,
or none if the first following character is a `)'.
If there is already white space at the end of the line,
then the white space at the start of the next line will be discarded.
.LC
\fBj!\fR
.ZP
The variant causes a simpler
.I join
with no white space processing; the characters in the lines are simply
concatenated.
.LC
( \fB.\fR ) \fBk\fR \fIx\fR
.ZP
The
.I k
command is a synonym for
.I mark.
It does not require a blank or tab before the following letter.
.LC
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBlist\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR
.ZP
Prints the specified lines in a more unambiguous way:
tabs are printed as `^I'
and the end of each line is marked with a trailing `$'.
The current line is left at the last line printed.
.LC
\fBmap\fR \fIlhs\fR \fIrhs\fR
.ZP
The
.I map
command is used to define macros for use in
.I visual
mode.
.I Lhs
should be a single character, or the sequence ``#n'', for n a digit,
referring to function key \fIn\fR.  When this character or function key
is typed in
.I visual
mode, it will be as though the corresponding \fIrhs\fR had been typed.
On terminals without function keys, you can type ``#n''.
See section 6.9 of the ``Introduction to Display Editing with Vi''
for more details.
.LC
( \fB.\fR ) \fBmark\fR \fIx\fR
.ZP
Gives the specified line mark
.I x,
a single lower case letter.
The
.I x
must be preceded by a blank or a tab.
The addressing form `\'x' then addresses this line.
The current line is not affected by this command.
.LC
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBmove\fR \fIaddr\fR	abbr: \fBm\fR
.ZP
The
.I move
command repositions the specified lines to be after
.I addr .
The first of the moved lines becomes the current line.
.LC
\fBnext\fR	abbr: \fBn\fR
.ZP
The next file from the command line argument list is edited.
.LC
\fBn!\fR
.ZP
The variant suppresses warnings about the modifications to the buffer not
having been written out, discarding (irretrievably) any changes which may
have been made.
.LC
\fBn\fR \fIfilelist\fR
.br
\fBn\fR \fB+\fIcommand\fR \fIfilelist\fR
.ZP
The specified
.I filelist
is expanded and the resulting list replaces the
current argument list;
the first file in the new list is then edited.
If
.I command
is given (it must contain no spaces), then it is executed after editing the first such file.
.LC
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBnumber\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR	abbr: \fB#\fR or \fBnu\fR
.ZP
Prints each specified line preceded by its buffer line
number.
The current line is left at the last line printed.
.KS
.LC
( \fB.\fR ) \fBopen\fR \fIflags\fR	abbr: \fBo\fR
.br
( \fB.\fR ) \fBopen\fR /\fIpat\|\fR/ \fIflags\fR
.ZP
Enters intraline editing \fIopen\fR mode at each addressed line.
If
.I pat
is given,
then the cursor will be placed initially at the beginning of the
string matched by the pattern.
To exit this mode use Q.
See
.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi"
for more details.
.KE
.LC
\fBpreserve\fR
.ZP
The current editor buffer is saved as though the system had just crashed.
This command is for use only in emergencies when a
.I write
command has resulted in an error and you don't know how to save your work.
After a
.I preserve
you should seek help.
.LC
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR )\|\fBprint\fR \fIcount\fR	abbr: \fBp\fR or \fBP\fR
.ZP
Prints the specified lines
with non-printing characters printed as control characters `^\fIx\fR\|';
delete (octal 177) is represented as `^?'.
The current line is left at the last line printed.
.LC
( \fB.\fR )\|\fBput\fR \fIbuffer\fR	abbr: \fBpu\fR
.ZP
Puts back
previously
.I deleted
or
.I yanked
lines.
Normally used with
.I delete
to effect movement of lines,
or with
.I yank
to effect duplication of lines.
If no
.I buffer
is specified, then the last
.I deleted
or
.I yanked
text is restored.*
.FS
* But no modifying commands may intervene between the
.I delete
or
.I yank
and the
.I put,
nor may lines be moved between files without using a named buffer.
.FE
By using a named buffer, text may be restored that was saved there at any
previous time.
.LC
\fBquit\fR	abbr: \fBq\fR
.ZP
Causes 
.I ex
to terminate.
No automatic write of the editor buffer to a file is performed.
However,
.I ex
issues a warning message if the file has changed
since the last
.I write
command was issued, and does not
.I quit.\(dg
.FS
\(dg \fIEx\fR
will also issue a diagnostic if there are more files in the argument
list.
.FE
Normally, you will wish to save your changes, and you 
should give a \fIwrite\fR command;
if you wish to discard them, use the \fBq!\fR command variant.
.LC
\fBq!\fR
.ZP
Quits from the editor, discarding changes to the buffer without complaint.
.LC
( \fB.\fR ) \fBread\fR \fIfile\fR	abbr: \fBr\fR
.ZP
Places a copy of the text of the given file in the
editing buffer after the specified line.
If no 
.I file
is given the current file name is used.
The current file name is not changed unless there is none in which
case
.I file
becomes the current name.
The sensibility restrictions for the 
.I edit