named.8

早期freebsd实现

.LP
The ``slave'' line (shown commented out) is used to put the server in slave
mode.  In this mode, the server will only make queries to forwarders.  This
option is normally used on machine that wish to run a server but for
physical or administrative reasons cannot be given access to the Internet,
but have access to a host that does have access.
.LP
The ``sortlist'' line can be used to indicate networks that are to be
preferred over other networks Queries for host addresses from hosts on the
same network as the server will receive responses with local network
addresses listed first, then addresses on the sort list, then other
addresses.
.LP
The ``xfrnets'' directive (not shown) can be used to implement primative
access control.  If this directive is given, then your name server will
only answer zone transfer requests from hosts which are on networks listed
in your ``xfrnets'' directives.  This directive may also be given as
``tcplist'' for compatibility with older, interrim servers.
.LP
The ``include'' directive (not shown) can be used to process the contents
of some other file as though they appeared in place of the ``include''
directive.  This is useful if you have a lot of zones or if you have 
logical groupings of zones which are maintained by different people.
The ``include'' directive takes one argument, that being the name of the
file whose contents are to be included.  No quotes are necessary around
the file name.
.LP
The ``bogusns'' directive (not shown) tells \s-1BIND\s+1 that no queries
are to be sent to the specified name server addresses (which are specified
as dotted quads, not as domain names).  This is useful when you know that
some popular server has bad data in a zone or cache, and you want to avoid
contamination while the problem is being fixed.
.PP
The master file consists of control information and a list of resource
records for objects in the zone of the forms:
.RS
.nf

$INCLUDE <filename> <opt_domain>
$ORIGIN <domain>
<domain> <opt_ttl> <opt_class> <type> <resource_record_data>

.fi
.RE
where
.I domain
is "." for root, "@" for the current origin, or a standard domain
name. If
.I domain
is a standard domain name that does not end with ``.'', the current origin
is appended to the domain. Domain names ending with ``.'' are
unmodified.
The
.I opt_domain
field is used to define an origin for the data in an included file.
It is equivalent to placing a $ORIGIN statement before the first
line of the included file.  The field is optional.
Neither the
.I opt_domain
field nor $ORIGIN statements in the included file modify the current origin
for this file.
The
.I opt_ttl
field is an optional integer number for the time-to-live field.
It defaults to zero, meaning the minimum value specified in the SOA
record for the zone.
The
.I opt_class
field is the object address type; currently only one type is supported,
.BR IN ,
for objects connected to the DARPA Internet. 
The
.I type
field contains one of the following tokens; the data expected in the
.I resource_record_data
field is in parentheses.
.TP "\w'MINFO    'u"
A
a host address (dotted quad)
.IP NS
an authoritative name server (domain)
.IP MX
a mail exchanger (domain), preceded by a preference value (0..32767),
with lower numeric values representing higher logical preferences.
.IP CNAME
the canonical name for an alias (domain)
.IP SOA
marks the start of a zone of authority (domain of originating host,
domain address of maintainer, a serial number and the following
parameters in seconds: refresh, retry, expire and minimum TTL (see RFC883)).
.IP NULL
a null resource record (no format or data)
.IP RP
a Responsible Person for some domain name (mailbox, TXT-referral)
.IP PTR
a domain name pointer (domain)
.IP HINFO
host information (cpu_type OS_type)
.PP
Resource records normally end at the end of a line,
but may be continued across lines between opening and closing parentheses.
Comments are introduced by semicolons and continue to the end of the line.
.PP
Note that there are other resource record types, not shown here.  You should
consult the \s-1BIND\s+1 Operations Guide (``\s-1BOG\s+1'') for the complete
list.  Some resource record types may have been standardized in newer RFC's
but not yet implemented in this version of \s-1BIND\s+1.
.PP
Each master zone file should begin with an SOA record for the zone.
An example SOA record is as follows:
.LP
.nf
@	IN	SOA	ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU. rwh.ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU. (
				1989020501	; serial
				10800	; refresh
				3600	; retry
				3600000	; expire
				86400 )	; minimum
.fi
.LP
The SOA specifies a serial number, which should be changed each time the
master file is changed.  Note that the serial number can be given as a
dotted number, but this is a \fIvery\fP unwise thing to do since the
translation to normal integers is via concatenation rather than
multiplication and addition.  You can spell out the year, month, day of
month, and 0..99 version number and still fit inside the unsigned 32-bit
size of this field.  It's true that we will have to rethink this strategy in
the year 4294 (Greg.) but we're not worried about it.  Secondary servers
check the serial number at intervals specified by the refresh time in
seconds; if the serial number changes, a zone transfer will be done to load
the new data.  If a master server cannot be contacted when a refresh is due,
the retry time specifies the interval at which refreshes should be attempted.
If a master server cannot be contacted within the interval given by the
expire time, all data from the zone is discarded by secondary servers.  The
minimum value is the time-to-live (``\s-1TTL\s+1'') used by records in the
file with no explicit time-to-live value.
.SH NOTES
The boot file directives ``domain'' and ``suffixes'' have been
obsoleted by a more useful resolver-based implementation of
suffixing for partially qualified domain names.  The prior mechanisms
could fail under a number of situations, especially when then local
nameserver did not have complete information.
.sp
The following signals have the specified effect when sent to the
server process using the
.IR kill (1)
command.
.IP SIGHUP
Causes server to read named.boot and reload database.  If the server
is built with the FORCED_RELOAD compile-time option, then SIGHUP will
also cause the server to check the serial number on all secondary zones.
Normally the serial numbers are only checked at the SOA-specified intervals.
.IP SIGINT
Dumps current data base and cache to /var/tmp/named_dump.db
.IP SIGIOT
Dumps statistics data into /var/tmp/named.stats if the server is
compiled -DSTATS.  Statistics data is appended to the file.
.IP SIGSYS
Dumps the profiling data in /var/tmp if the server is compiled
with profiling (server forks, chdirs and exits).
.IP SIGTERM
Dumps the primary and secondary database files.
Used to save modified data on shutdown if the
server is compiled with dynamic updating enabled.
.IP SIGUSR1
Turns on debugging; each SIGUSR1 increments debug level.
(SIGEMT on older systems without SIGUSR1)
.IP SIGUSR2
Turns off debugging completely.
(SIGFPE on older systems without SIGUSR2)
.IP SIGWINCH
Toggles logging of all incoming queries via syslog(8)
(requires server to have been built with the QRYLOG option).
.SH FILES
.nf
.ta \w'/var/tmp/named_dump.db   'u
/etc/named.boot	name server configuration boot file
/etc/named.pid	the process id (/var/run/named.pid on newer systems)
/var/tmp/named.run	debug output
/var/tmp/named_dump.db	dump of the name server database
/var/tmp/named.stats	nameserver statistics data
.fi
.SH "SEE ALSO"
kill(1), gethostbyname(3N), signal(3c), resolver(3), resolver(5), hostname(7),
RFC 882, RFC 883, RFC 973, RFC 974, RFC 1033, RFC 1034, RFC 1035, RFC 1123,
\fIName Server Operations Guide for \s-1BIND\s+1\fR