install.texi

早期freebsd实现

@example
make install-fixincludes
@end example

@noindent
If you selected a different directory for GNU CC installation when you
installed it, by specifying the Make variable @code{prefix} or
@code{libdir}, specify it the same way in this command.

Note that some systems are starting to come with ANSI C system header
files.  On these systems, don't run @code{install-fixincludes}; it may
not work, and is certainly not necessary.  One exception: there are is a
special script for System V release 4, which you should run.

It is not the purpose of @code{install-fixincludes} to add prototypes to
the system header files.  We support headers with ANSI C prototypes in
the GNU C Library, and we have no time to support adding them to other
systems' header files.

@item
If you're going to use C++, it's likely that you need to also install
the @code{libg++} distribution.  It should be available from the same
place where you got the GCC distribution.  Just as GCC does not
distribute a C runtime library, it also does not include a C++ run-time
library.  All I/O functionality, special class libraries, etc., are
available in the @code{libg++} distribution.
@end enumerate

If you cannot install the compiler's passes and run-time support in
@file{/usr/local/lib}, you can alternatively use the @samp{-B} option to
specify a prefix by which they may be found.  The compiler concatenates
the prefix with the names  @file{cpp}, @file{cc1} and @file{libgcc.a}.
Thus, you can put the files in a directory @file{/usr/foo/gcc} and
specify @samp{-B/usr/foo/gcc/} when you run GNU CC.

Also, you can specify an alternative default directory for these files
by setting the Make variable @code{libdir} when you make GNU CC.

@node Other Dir
@section Compilation in a Separate Directory
@cindex other directory, compilation in
@cindex compilation in a separate directory
@cindex separate directory, compilation in

If you wish to build the object files and executables in a directory
other than the one containing the source files, here is what you must
do differently:

@enumerate
@item
Make sure you have a version of Make that supports the @code{VPATH}
feature.  (GNU Make supports it, as do Make versions on most BSD
systems.)

@item
If you have ever run @file{configure} in the source directory, you must undo
the configuration.  Do this by running:

@example
make distclean
@end example

@item
Go to the directory in which you want to build the compiler before
running @file{configure}:

@example
mkdir gcc-sun3
cd gcc-sun3
@end example

On systems that do not support symbolic links, this directory must be
on the same file system as the source code directory.

@item
Specify where to find @file{configure} when you run it:

@example
../gcc/configure @dots{}
@end example

This also tells @code{configure} where to find the compiler sources;
@code{configure} takes the directory from the file name that was used to
invoke it.  But if you want to be sure, you can specify the source
directory with the @samp{--srcdir} option, like this:

@example
../gcc/configure --srcdir=../gcc sun3
@end example

The directory you specify with @samp{--srcdir} need not be the same
as the one that @code{configure} is found in.
@end enumerate

Now, you can run @code{make} in that directory.  You need not repeat the
configuration steps shown above, when ordinary source files change.  You
must, however, run @code{configure} again when the configuration files
change, if your system does not support symbolic links.

@node Cross-Compiler
@section Building and Installing a Cross-Compiler
@cindex cross-compiler, installation

GNU CC can function as a cross-compiler for many machines, but not all.

@itemize @bullet
@item
Cross-compilers for the Mips as target do not work because the auxiliary
programs @file{mips-tdump.c} and @file{mips-tfile.c} can't be compiled
on anything but a Mips.

@item
Cross-compilers to or from the Vax probably don't work completely
because the Vax uses an incompatible floating point format (not IEEE
format).
@end itemize

Since GNU CC generates assembler code, you probably need a
cross-assembler that GNU CC can run, in order to produce object files.
If you want to link on other than the target machine, you need a
cross-linker as well.  You also need header files and libraries suitable
for the target machine that you can install on the host machine.

To build GNU CC as a cross-compiler, you start out by running
@code{configure}.  You must specify two different configurations, the
host and the target.  Use the @samp{--host=@var{host}} option for the
host and @samp{--target=@var{target}} to specify the target type.  For
example, here is how to configure for a cross-compiler that runs on a
hypothetical Intel 386 system and produces code for an HP 68030 system
running BSD:

@example
configure --target=m68k-hp-bsd4.3 --host=i386-bozotheclone-bsd4.3
@end example

Next you should install the cross-assembler and cross-linker (and
@code{ar} and @code{ranlib}).  Put them in the directory
@file{/usr/local/@var{target}/bin}.  The installation of GNU CC will find
them there and copy or link them to the proper place to find them when
you run the cross-compiler later.

If you want to install any additional libraries to use with the
cross-compiler, put them in the directory
@file{/usr/local/@var{target}/lib}; all files in that subdirectory will
be installed in the proper place when you install the cross-compiler.
Likewise, put the header files for the target machine in
@file{/usr/local/@var{target}/include}.

You must now produce a substitute for @file{libgcc1.a}.  Normally this
file is compiled with the ``native compiler'' for the target machine;
compiling it with GNU CC does not work.  But compiling it with the host
machine's compiler also doesn't work---that produces a file that would
run on the host, and you need it to run on the target.

We can't give you any automatic way to produce this substitute.  For
some targets, the subroutines in @file{libgcc1.c} are not actually used.
You need not provide the ones that won't be used.  The ones that most
commonly are used are the multiplication, division and remainder
routines---many RISC machines rely on the library for this.  One way to
make them work is to define the appropriate @code{perform_@dots{}}
macros for the subroutines that you need.  If these definitions do not
use the C arithmetic operators that they are meant to implement, you
might be able to compile them with the cross-compiler you are building.
To do this, specify @samp{LIBGCC1=libgcc1.a OLDCC=./xgcc} when building
the compiler.

Now you can proceed just as for compiling a single-machine compiler
through the step of building stage 1.  If you have not provided some
sort of @file{libgcc1.a}, then compilation will give up at the point
where it needs that file, printing a suitable error message.  If you
do provide @file{libgcc1.a}, then building the compiler will automatically
compile and link a test program called @file{cross-test}; if you get
errors in the linking, it means that not all of the necessary routines
in @file{libgcc1.a} are available.

When you are using a cross-compiler configuration, building stage 1
does not compile all of GNU CC.  This is because one part of building,
the compilation of @file{libgcc2.c}, requires use of the cross-compiler.

However, when you type @samp{make install} to install the bulk of the
cross-compiler, that will also compile @file{libgcc2.c} and install the
resulting @file{libgcc.a}.

Do not try to build stage 2 for a cross-compiler.  It doesn't work to
rebuild GNU CC as a cross-compiler using the cross-compiler, because
that would produce a program that runs on the target machine, not on the
host.  For example, if you compile a 386-to-68030 cross-compiler with
itself, the result will not be right either for the 386 (because it was
compiled into 68030 code) or for the 68030 (because it was configured
for a 386 as the host).  If you want to compile GNU CC into 68030 code,
whether you compile it on a 68030 or with a cross-compiler on a 386, you
must specify a 68030 as the host when you configure it.

@node PA Install
@section Installing GNU CC on the HP Precision Architecture

There are two variants of this CPU, called 1.0 and 1.1, which have
different machine descriptions.  You must use the right one for your
machine.  All 7@var{nn} machines and 8@var{n}7 machines use 1.1, while
all other 8@var{nn} machines use 1.0.

The easiest way to handle this problem is to use @samp{configure
hp@var{nnn}} or @samp{configure hp@var{nnn}-hpux}, where @var{nnn} is
the model number of the machine.  Then @file{configure} will figure out
if the machine is a 1.0 or 1.1.  Use @samp{uname -a} to find out the
model number of your machine.

@samp{-g} does not work on HP-UX, since that system uses a peculiar
debugging format which GNU CC does not know about.  There are preliminary
versions of GAS and GDB for the HP-PA which do work with GNU CC for 
debugging.  You can get them by anonymous ftp from @code{jaguar.cs.utah.edu}
@samp{dist} subdirectory.  You would need to install GAS in the file

@example
/usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/@var{configuration}/@var{gccversion}/as
@end example

@noindent
where @var{configuration} is the configuration name (perhaps
@samp{hp@var{nnn}-hpux}) and @var{gccversion} is the GNU CC version
number.  Do this @emph{before} starting the build process, otherwise you will
get errors from the HPUX assembler while building @file{libgcc2.a}.  The
command 

@example
make install-dir
@end example

@noindent
will create the necessary directory hierarchy so you can install GAS before
building GCC.

If you obtained GAS before October 6, 1992 it is highly recommended you
get a new one to avoid several bugs which have been discovered
recently.

To enable debugging, configure GNU CC with the @samp{--gas} option before
building.

@node Sun Install
@section Installing GNU CC on the Sun
@cindex Sun installation
@cindex installing GNU CC on the Sun

Make sure the environment variable @code{FLOAT_OPTION} is not set when
you compile @file{libgcc.a}.  If this option were set to @code{f68881}
when @file{libgcc.a} is compiled, the resulting code would demand to be
linked with a special startup file and would not link properly without
special pains.

@cindex @code{alloca}, for SunOs
There is a bug in @code{alloca} in certain versions of the Sun library.
To avoid this bug, install the binaries of GNU CC that were compiled by
GNU CC.  They use @code{alloca} as a built-in function and never the one
in the library.

Some versions of the Sun compiler crash when compiling GNU CC.  The
problem is a segmentation fault in cpp.  This problem seems to be due to
the bulk of data in the environment variables.  You may be able to avoid
it by using the following command to compile GNU CC with Sun CC:

@example
make CC="TERMCAP=x OBJS=x LIBFUNCS=x STAGESTUFF=x cc"
@end example

@node 3b1 Install
@section Installing GNU CC on the 3b1
@cindex 3b1 installation
@cindex installing GNU CC on the 3b1

Installing GNU CC on the 3b1 is difficult if you do not already have
GNU CC running, due to bugs in the installed C compiler.  However,
the following procedure might work.  We are unable to test it.

@enumerate
@item
Comment out the @samp{#include "config.h"} line on line 37 of
@file{cccp.c} and do @samp{make cpp}.  This makes a preliminary version
of GNU cpp.

@item
Save the old @file{/lib/cpp} and copy the preliminary GNU cpp to that
file name.

@item
Undo your change in @file{cccp.c}, or reinstall the original version,
and do @samp{make cpp} again.

@item
Copy this final version of GNU cpp into @file{/lib/cpp}.

@findex obstack_free
@item
Replace every occurrence of @code{obstack_free} in the file
@file{tree.c} with @code{_obstack_free}.

@item
Run @code{make} to get the first-stage GNU CC.

@item
Reinstall the original version of @file{/lib/cpp}.

@item
Now you can compile GNU CC with itself and install it in the normal
fashion.
@end enumerate

@node Unos Install
@section Installing GNU CC on Unos
@cindex Unos installation
@cindex installing GNU CC on Unos

Use @samp{configure unos} for building on Unos.

The Unos assembler is named @code{casm} instead of @code{as}.  For some
strange reason linking @file{/bin/as} to @file{/bin/casm} changes the
behavior, and does not work.  So, when installing GNU CC, you should
install the following script as @file{as} in the subdirectory where
the passes of GCC are installed:

@example
#!/bin/sh
casm $*
@end example

The default Unos library is named @file{libunos.a} instead of
@file{libc.a}.  To allow GNU CC to function, either change all
references to @samp{-lc} in @file{gcc.c} to @samp{-lunos} or link
@file{/lib/libc.a} to @file{/lib/libunos.a}.

@cindex @code{alloca}, for Unos
When compiling GNU CC with the standard compiler, to overcome bugs in
the support of @code{alloca}, do not use @samp{-O} when making stage 2.
Then use the stage 2 compiler with @samp{-O} to make the stage 3
compiler.  This compiler will have the same characteristics as the usual
stage 2 compiler on other systems.  Use it to make a stage 4 compiler
and compare that with stage 3 to verify proper compilation.

(Perhaps simply defining @code{ALLOCA} in @file{x-crds} as described in
the comments there will make the above paragraph superfluous.  Please
inform us of whether this works.)

Unos uses memory segmentation instead of demand paging, so you will need
a lot of memory.  5 Mb is barely enough if no other tasks are running.