install

早期freebsd实现

This file documents the installation of the GNU compiler. Copyright (C)
1988, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. You may copy,
distribute, and modify it freely as long as you preserve this copyright
notice and permission notice.


Installing GNU CC
******************

   Here is the procedure for installing GNU CC on a Unix system.

  1. If you have built GNU CC previously in the same directory for a
     different target machine, do `make distclean' to delete all files
     that might be invalid.  One of the files this deletes is
     `Makefile'; if `make distclean' complains that `Makefile' does not
     exist, it probably means that the directory is already suitably
     clean.

  2. On a System V release 4 system, make sure `/usr/bin' precedes
     `/usr/ucb' in `PATH'.  The `cc' command in `/usr/ucb' uses
     libraries which have bugs.

  3. Specify the host and target machine configurations.  You do this by
     running the file `configure' with appropriate arguments.

     If you are building a compiler to produce code for the machine it
     runs on, specify just one machine type.  Use the `--target'
     option; the host type will default to be the same as the target. 
     (For information on building a cross-compiler, see *Note
     Cross-Compiler::.)  The command looks like this:

          configure --target=sparc-sun-sunos4.1

     A configuration name may be canonical or it may be more or less
     abbreviated.

     A canonical configuration name has three parts, separated by
     dashes. It looks like this: `CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM'. (The three parts
     may themselves contain dashes; `configure' can figure out which
     dashes serve which purpose.)  For example, `m68k-sun-sunos4.1'
     specifies a Sun 3.

     You can also replace parts of the configuration by nicknames or
     aliases. For example, `sun3' stands for `m68k-sun', so
     `sun3-sunos4.1' is another way to specify a Sun 3.  You can also
     use simply `sun3-sunos', since the version of SunOS is assumed by
     default to be version 4.  `sun3-bsd' also works, since `configure'
     knows that the only BSD variant on a Sun 3 is SunOS.

     You can specify a version number after any of the system types,
     and some of the CPU types.  In most cases, the version is
     irrelevant, and will be ignored.  So you might as well specify the
     version if you know it.

     Here are the possible CPU types:

          a29k, alpha, arm, cN, elxsi, hppa1.0, hppa1.1, i386, i860,
          i960, m68000, m68k, m88k, mips, ns32k, pyramid, romp, rs6000,
          sparc, vax, we32k.

     Here are the recognized company names.  As you can see, customary
     abbreviations are used rather than the longer official names.

          alliant, altos, apollo, att, cbm, convergent, convex, crds,
          dec, dg, encore, harris, hp, ibm, mips, motorola, ncr, next,
          ns, omron, sequent, sgi, sony, sun, tti, unicom.

     The company name is meaningful only to disambiguate when the rest
     of the information supplied is insufficient.  You can omit it,
     writing just `CPU-SYSTEM', if it is not needed.  For example,
     `vax-ultrix4.2' is equivalent to `vax-dec-ultrix4.2'.

     Here is a list of system types:

          aix, aos, bsd, ctix, dgux, dynix, genix, hpux, isc, linux,
          luna, mach, minix, newsos, osf, osfrose, riscos, sco, sunos,
          sysv, ultrix, unos, vms.

     You can omit the system type; then `configure' guesses the
     operating system from the CPU and company.

     You can add a version number to the system type; this may or may
     not make a difference.  For example, you can write `bsd4.3' or
     `bsd4.4' to distinguish versions of BSD.  In practice, the version
     number is most needed for `sysv3' and `sysv4', which are often
     treated differently.

     If you specify an impossible combination such as `i860-dg-vms',
     then you may get an error message from `configure', or it may
     ignore part of the information and do the best it can with the
     rest. `configure' always prints the canonical name for the
     alternative that it used.

     Often a particular model of machine has a name.  Many machine
     names are recognized as aliases for CPU/company combinations. 
     Thus, the machine name `sun3', mentioned above, is an alias for
     `m68k-sun'. Sometimes we accept a company name as a machine name,
     when the name is popularly used for a particular machine.  Here is
     a table of the known machine names:

          3300, 3b1, 3bN, 7300, altos3068, altos, apollo68, att-7300,
          balance, convex-cN, crds, decstation-3100, decstation, delta,
          encore, fx2800, gmicro, hp7NN, hp8NN, hp9k2NN, hp9k3NN,
          hp9k7NN, hp9k8NN, iris4d, iris, isi68, m3230, magnum, merlin,
          miniframe, mmax, news-3600, news800, news, next, pbd, pc532,
          pmax, ps2, risc-news, rtpc, sun2, sun386i, sun386, sun3,
          sun4, symmetry, tower-32, tower.

     Remember that a machine name specifies both the cpu type and the
     company name.

     There are four additional options you can specify independently to
     describe variant hardware and software configurations.  These are
     `--with-gnu-as', `--with-gnu-ld', `--with-stabs' and `--nfp'.

    `--with-gnu-as'
          On certain systems, you must specify whether you want GNU CC
          to work with the usual compilation tools or with the GNU
          compilation tools (including GAS).  Use the `--with-gnu-as'
          argument when you run `configure', if you want to use the GNU
          tools.  (Specify `--with-gnu-ld' as well, since on these
          systems GAS works only with the GNU linker.)  The systems
          where this makes a difference are `i386-ANYTHING-sysv',
          `i860-ANYTHING-bsd', `m68k-hp-hpux', `m68k-sony-bsd',
          `m68k-altos-sysv', `m68000-hp-hpux', and `m68000-att-sysv'. 
          On any other system, `--with-gnu-as' has no effect.

    `--with-gnu-ld'
          Specify the option `--with-gnu-ld' if you plan to use the GNU
          linker.  This inhibits the installation of `collect2', a
          program which otherwise serves as a front-end for the
          system's linker on most configurations.

    `--with-stabs'
          On MIPS based systems, you must specify whether you want GNU
          CC to create the normal ECOFF debugging format, or to use
          BSD-style stabs passed through the ECOFF symbol table.  The
          normal ECOFF debug format cannot fully handle languages other
          than C.  BSD stabs format can handle other languages, but it
          only works with the GNU debugger GDB.

          Normally, GNU CC uses the ECOFF debugging format by default;
          if you prefer BSD stabs, specify `--with-stabs' when you
          configure GNU CC.

          No matter which default you choose when you configure GNU CC,
          the user can use the `-gcoff' and `-gstabs+' options to
          specify explicitly the debug format for a particular
          compilation.

    `--nfp'
          On certain systems, you must specify whether the machine has
          a floating point unit.  These systems are `m68k-sun-sunosN'
          and `m68k-isi-bsd'.  On any other system, `--nfp' currently
          has no effect, though perhaps there are other systems where
          it could usefully make a difference.

     If you want to install your own homemade configuration files, you
     can use `local' as the company name to access them.  If you use
     configuration `CPU-local', the entire configuration name is used
     to form the configuration file names.

     Thus, if you specify `m68k-local', then the files used are
     `m68k-local.md', `m68k-local.h', `m68k-local.c',
     `xm-m68k-local.h', `t-m68k-local', and `x-m68k-local'.

     Here is a list of configurations that have special treatment or
     special things you must know:

    `alpha-*-osf1'
          Systems using processors that implement the DEC Alpha
          architecture and are running the OSF/1 operating system. (VMS
          on the Alpha is not currently supported by GNU CC.)  As of
          this writing, the only Alpha-based product currently
          available from DEC is the 21064 (EV4) processor chip; no
          system-level products can be ordered.  This port is provided
          for those developers who might have early Alpha hardware from
          DEC or other vendors and run the OSF/1 operating system.  It
          has not been extensively tested and both the C++ and
          Objective-C languages may not work, except in a
          cross-compilation environment.

          The `ASSEMBLE_FILE_START' macro writes a `.verstamp' directive
          containing the version of the calling sequence.  Currently,
          we use `9 0', which we believe will work until the official
          release by DEC of their system, at which point `3 11' is the
          correct value.  If you get a mismatch error from the
          assembler on a `.verstamp' line, consult the file
          `/usr/include/stamp.h' for the present value.  GNU C on the
          Alpha does not support versions of DEC's OSF/1 earlier than
          BL9; if you are running an older version, we suggest you ask
          your DEC contact for an update.

          Note that since the Alpha is a 64-bit architecture,
          cross-compilers from 32-bit machines will not generate as
          efficient code as that generated when the compiler is running
          on a 64-bit machine because many optimizations that depend on
          being able to represent a word on the target in an integral
          value on the host cannot be performed.

    `a29k'
          AMD Am29K-family processors.  These are normally used in
          embedded applications.  There are no standard Unix
          configurations. This configuration corresponds to AMD's
          standard calling sequence and binary interface and is
          compatible with other 29K tools.

          You may need to make a variant of the file `a29k.h' for your
          particular configuration.

    `a29k-*-bsd'
          AMD Am29050 used in a system running a variant of BSD Unix.

    `elxsi-elxsi-bsd'
          The Elxsi's C compiler has known limitations that prevent it
          from compiling GNU C.  Please contact `[e-mail]' for
          more details.

    `i386-*-sco'
          Compilation with RCC is recommended.

    `i386-ibm-aix'
          You need a version of GAS that you can get from
          `[e-mail]'.

    `i386-sequent'
          Go to the Berkeley universe before compiling.  In addition,
          you probably need to create a file named `string.h'
          containing just one line: `#include <strings.h>'.

    `i386-sun-sunos4'
          You may find that you need another version of GNU CC to begin
          bootstrapping with, since the current version when built with
          the system's own compiler seems to get an infinite loop
          compiling part of `libgcc2.c'.  GNU CC version 2 compiled
          with GNU CC (any version) seems not to have this problem.

    `m68000-att'
          AT&T 3b1, a.k.a. 7300 PC.  Special procedures are needed to
          compile GNU CC with this machine's standard C compiler, due
          to bugs in that compiler.  *Note 3b1 Install::.  You can
          bootstrap it more easily with previous versions of GNU CC if
          you have them.

    `m68000-hp-bsd'
          HP 9000 series 200 running BSD.  Note that the C compiler
          that comes with this system cannot compile GNU CC; contact
          `[e-mail]' to get binaries of GNU CC for bootstrapping.

    `m68k-altos'
          Altos 3068.  You must use the GNU assembler, linker and
          debugger, with COFF-encapsulation.  Also, you must fix a
          kernel bug.  Details in the file `README.ALTOS'.

    `m68k-hp-hpux'
          HP 9000 series 300 or 400 running HP-UX.  HP-UX version 8.0
          has a bug in the assembler that prevents compilation of GNU
          CC.  To fix it, get patch PHCO_0800 from HP.

          In addition, `--gas' does not currently work with this
          configuration.  Changes in HP-UX have broken the library
          conversion tool and the linker.

    `m68k-sun'
          Sun 3.  We do not provide a configuration file to use the Sun
          FPA by default, because programs that establish signal
          handlers for floating point traps inherently cannot work with
          the FPA.

    `m88k-svr3'
          Motorola m88k running the AT&T/Unisoft/Motorola V.3 reference
          port. These systems tend to use the Green Hills C, revision
          1.8.5, as the standard C compiler.  There are apparently bugs
          in this compiler that result in object files differences
          between stage 2 and stage 3.  If this happens, make the stage
          4 compiler and compare it to the stage 3 compiler.  If the
          stage 3 and stage 4 object files are identical, this suggests
          a problem with the standard C compiler.  It is best, however,
          to use an older version of GNU CC for bootstrapping.

    `m88k-dgux'
          Motorola m88k running DG/UX.  To build native or cross
          compilers on DG/UX, you must first change to the 88open BCS
          software development environment.  This is done by issuing
          this command:

               eval `sde-target m88kbcs`

    `mips-mips-bsd'