jove.2

早期freebsd实现

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.\"	@(#)jove.2	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
.\"
.NH 1
Commands for English Text
.XS \n(PN
\*(SN Commands for English Text
.XE
.LP
\s-2JOVE\s0 has many commands that work on the basic units of English text:
words, sentences and paragraphs.
.NH 2
Word Commands
.XS \n(PN 5n
\*(SN Word Commands
.XE
.LP
\s-2JOVE\s0 has commands for moving over or operating on words.
By convention,
they are all ESC commands.
.IP "ESC F" 20n
Move Forward over a word.
.IP "ESC B" 20n
Move Backward over a word.
.IP "ESC D" 20n
Kill forward to the end of a word.
.IP "ESC Rubout" 20n
Kill backward to the beginning of a word.
.LP
Notice how these commands form a group that parallels the character-
based commands,
C-F,
C-B,
C-D,
and Rubout.
.LP
The commands ESC F and ESC B move forward and backward over words.
They are thus analogous to Control-F and Control-B,
which move over single characters.
Like their Control- analogues,
ESC F and ESC B move several words if given an argument.
ESC F with a negative argument moves backward like ESC B,
and ESC B with a negative argument moves forward.
Forward motion stops right after the last letter of the word,
while backward motion stops right before the first letter.
.LP
It is easy to kill a word at a time.
ESC D kills the word after point.
To be precise,
it kills everything from point to the place ESC F would move to.
Thus,
if point is in the middle of a word,
only the part after point is killed.
If some punctuation comes after point,
and before the next word,
it is killed along with the word.
If you wish to kill only the next word but not the punctuation,
simply do ESC F to get to the end,
and kill the word backwards with ESC Rubout.
ESC D takes arguments just like ESC F.
.LP
ESC Rubout kills the word before point.
It kills everything from point back to where ESC B would move to.
If point is after the space in "FOO, BAR",
then "FOO, " is killed.
If you wish to kill just "FOO",
then do a ESC B and a ESC D instead of a ESC Rubout.
.NH 2
Sentence Commands
.XS \n(PN 5n
\*(SN Sentence Commands
.XE
.LP
The \s-2JOVE\s0 commands for manipulating sentences and paragraphs are
mostly ESC commands,
so as to resemble the word-handling commands.
.IP "ESC A" 20n
Move back to the beginning of the sentence.
.IP "ESC E" 20n
Move forward to the end of the sentence.
.IP "ESC K" 20n
Kill forward to the end of the sentence.
.IP "C-X Rubout" 20n
Kill back to the beginning of the sentence.
.LP
The commands ESC A and ESC E move to the beginning and end of the
current sentence,
respectively.
They were chosen to resemble
Control-A and Control-E,
which move to the beginning and end of a line.
Unlike them,
ESC A and ESC E if repeated or given numeric arguments
move over successive sentences.
\s-2JOVE\s0 considers a sentence to end wherever there is a ".",
"?", or "!" followed by the end of a line
or by one or more spaces.
Neither ESC A nor ESC E moves past the
end of the line or spaces which delimit the sentence.
.LP
Just as C-A and C-E have a kill command,
C-K,
to go with them,
so ESC A and ESC E have a corresponding kill command ESC K which kills from
point to the end of the sentence.
With minus one as an argument it
kills back to the beginning of the sentence.
Positive arguments serve as a repeat count.
.LP
There is a special command,
C-X Rubout for killing back to the beginning of a sentence,
because this is useful when you change your
mind in the middle of composing text.
.NH 2
Paragraph Commands
.XS \n(PN 5n
\*(SN Paragraph Commands
.XE
.LP
The \s-2JOVE\s0 commands for handling paragraphs are
.IP "ESC [" 20n
Move back to previous paragraph beginning.
.IP "ESC ]" 20n
Move forward to next paragraph end.
.LP
ESC [ moves to the beginning of the current or previous paragraph, while
ESC ] moves to the end of the current or next paragraph.  Paragraphs are
delimited by lines of differing indent, or lines with text formatter
commands, or blank lines.  \s-2JOVE\s0 knows how to deal with most indented
paragraphs correctly, although it can get confused by one- or two-line
paragraphs delimited only by indentation.
.NH 2
Text Indentation Commands
.XS \n(PN 5n
\*(SN Text Indentation Commands
.XE
.LP
.IP "Tab" 20n
Indent "appropriately" in a mode-dependent fashion.
.IP "LineFeed" 20n
Is the same as Return,
except it copies the indent of the line you just left.
.IP "ESC M" 20n
Moves to the line's first non-blank character.
.LP
.LP
The way to request indentation is with the Tab command.
Its precise effect depends on the major mode.
In \fIText\fP mode,
it indents to the next tab stop.
In \fIC\fP mode,
it indents to the "right" position for C programs.
.LP
To move over the indentation on a line,
do ESC M (\fIfirst-non-blank\fP).
This command,
given anywhere on a line,
positions the cursor at the first non-blank, non-tab character on the line.
.NH 2
Text Filling
.XS \n(PN 5n
\*(SN Text Filling
.XE
.LP
\fIAuto Fill\fP mode causes text to be \fIfilled\fP
(broken up into lines that fit in a specified width)
automatically as you type it in.
If you alter existing text so that it is no longer properly filled,
\s-2JOVE\s0 can fill it again if you ask.
.LP
Entering \fIAuto Fill\fP mode is done with ESC X \fIauto-fill-mode\fP.
From then on,
lines are broken automatically at spaces when they get longer than the
desired width.
To leave \fIAuto Fill\fP mode,
once again execute ESC X \fIauto-fill-mode\fP.
When \fIAuto Fill\fP mode is in effect,
the word \fBFill\fP appears in the mode line.
.LP
If you edit the middle of a paragraph,
it may no longer correctly be filled.
To refill a paragraph,
use the command ESC J (\fIfill-paragraph\fP).
It causes the paragraph that point is inside to be filled.
All the line breaks are removed and new ones inserted where necessary.
.LP
The maximum line width for filling is in the variable \fIright-margin\fP.
Both ESC J and auto-fill make sure that no line exceeds this width.
The value of \fIright-margin\fP is initially 72.
.LP
Normally ESC J figures out the indent of the paragraph and uses that same
indent when filling.  If you want to change the indent of a paragraph you
set \fIleft-margin\fP to the new position and type C-U\ ESC\ J.
\fIfill-paragraph\fP, when supplied a numeric argument, uses the value of
\fIleft-margin\fP.
.LP
If you know where you want to set the right margin but you don't know the
actual value, move to where you want to set the value and use the
\fIright-margin-here\fP command.  \fIleft-margin-here\fP does the same
for the \fIleft-margin\fP variable.
.NH 2
Case Conversion Commands
.XS \n(PN 5n
\*(SN Case Conversion Commands
.XE
.LP
.IP "ESC L" 15n
Convert following word to lower case.
.IP "ESC U" 15n
Convert following word to upper case.
.IP "ESC C" 15n
Capitalize the following word.
.LP
.LP
The word conversion commands are most useful.
ESC L converts the word after point to lower case,
moving past it.
Thus,
successive ESC L's convert successive words.
ESC U converts to all capitals instead,
while ESC C puts the first letter of the word into upper case and the
rest into lower case.
All these commands convert several words at once if given an argument.
They are especially convenient for
converting a large amount of text from all upper case to mixed case,
because you can move through the test using ESC L,
ESC U or ESC C on each word as appropriate.
.LP
When given a negative argument,
the word case conversion commands apply to
the appropriate number of words before point,
but do not move point.
This is convenient when you have just typed a word in the wrong case.
You can give the case conversion command and continue typing.
.LP
If a word case conversion command is given in the middle of a word,
it applies only to the part of the word which follows the cursor,
treating it as a whole word.
.LP
The other case conversion functions are \fIcase-region-upper\fP and
\fIcase-region-lower\fP,
which convert everything between point and mark to the specified case.
Point and mark remain unchanged.
.NH 2
Commands for Fixing Typos
.XS \n(PN 5n
\*(SN Commands for Fixing Typos
.XE
.LP
In this section we describe the commands that are especially useful
for the times when you catch a mistake on your text after you have made it,
or change your mind while composing text on line.
.IP "Rubout" 25n
Delete last character.
.IP "ESC Rubout" 25n
Kill last word.
.IP "C-X Rubout" 25n
Kill to beginning of sentence.
.IP "C-T" 25n
Transpose two characters.
.IP "C-X C-T" 25n
Transpose two lines.
.IP "ESC Minus ESC L" 25n
Convert last word to lower case.
.IP "ESC Minus ESC U" 25n
Convert last word to upper case.
.IP "ESC Minus ESC C" 25n
Convert last word to lower case with capital initial.
.LP
.NH 2
Killing Your Mistakes
.XS \n(PN 5n
\*(SN Killing Your Mistakes
.XE
.LP
The Rubout command is the most important correction command.
When used among printing (self-inserting) characters,
it can be thought of as canceling the last character typed.
.LP
When your mistake is longer than a couple of characters,
it might be more convenient to use ESC Rubout or C-X Rubout.
ESC Rubout kills back to the start of the last word,
and C-X Rubout kills back to the start of the last sentence.
C-X Rubout is particularly useful when
you are thinking of what to write as you type it,
in case you change your mind about phrasing.
ESC Rubout and C-X Rubout save the killed text for C-Y and ESC Y to retrieve.
.LP
ESC Rubout is often useful even when you have typed only a few
characters wrong,
if you know you are confused in your typing and aren't sure what you typed.
At such a time,
you cannot correct with
Rubout except by looking at the screen to see what you did.
It requires less thought to kill the whole word and start over again,
especially if the system is heavily loaded.
.LP
If you were typing a command or command parameters, C-G will abort the
command with no further processing.
.NH 2
Transposition
.XS \n(PN 5n
\*(SN Transposition
.XE
.LP
The common error of transposing two characters can be fixed
with the C-T (\fItranspose-characters\fP) command.
Normally,
C-T transposes the two characters on either side of the cursor
and moves the cursor forward one character.  Repeating the command
several times "drags" a character to the right.
(Remember that \fIpoint\fP is considered to be between two characters,
even though the visible cursor in your terminal is on only one of them.)
When given at the end of a line,
rather than switching the last character of the line with the line separator,
which would be useless,
C-T transposes the last two characters on the line.
So,
if you catch your transposition error right away,
you can fix it with just a C-T.
If you don't catch it so fast,
you must move the cursor back to between the two characters.
.LP
To transpose two lines,
use the C-X C-T (\fItranspose-lines\fP) command.  The line containing the
cursor is exchanged with the line above it; the cursor is left at the
beginning of the line following its original position.
.NH 2
Checking and Correcting Spelling
.XS \n(PN 5n
\*(SN Checking and Correcting Spelling
.XE
.LP
When you write a paper,
you should correct its spelling at some point close to finishing it.
To correct the entire buffer,
do ESC X \fIspell-buffer\fP.
This invokes the
.UX
.I spell
program,
which prints a list of all the misspelled words.
\s-2JOVE\s0 catches the list and places it in a
\s-2JOVE\s0 buffer called \fBSpell\fP.
You are given an opportunity to delete from that buffer any words that
aren't really errors;
then \s-2JOVE\s0 looks up each misspelled word and
remembers where it is in the buffer being corrected.
Then you can go forward to each misspelled word with C-X C-N (\fInext-error\fP)
and backward with C-X C-P (\fIprevious-error\fP).
See the section entitled \fIError Message Parsing\fP.
.NH 1
File Handling
.XS \n(PN
\*(SN File Handling
.XE