intro.ps

早期freebsd实现

(ve p)-.15 H 1.228(erformance when reading the con\214guration \214le, a memor\
y image can be pro-).15 F 2.5(vided. This)102 383 R(pro)2.5 E
(vides a \231compiled\232 form of the con\214guration \214le.)-.15 E F0 2.5
(3. USA)72 407 R(GE AND IMPLEMENT)-.55 E -.95(AT)-.9 G(ION).95 E 2.5(3.1. Ar)87
431 R(guments)-.1 E F1(Ar)127 447.2 Q .376
(guments may be \215ags and addresses.)-.18 F .377(Flags set v)5.377 F .377
(arious processing options.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.377 G(llo).15 E .377(wing \215ag)
-.25 F(ar)102 459.2 Q .281(guments, address ar)-.18 F .281(guments may be gi)
-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .281(n, unless we are running in SMTP mode.).15 F .28
(Addresses fol-)5.28 F(lo)102 471.2 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he syntax in RFC822 [Crock)
122.03 471.2 Q(er82] for ARP)-.1 E(ANET address formats.)-.92 E
(In brief, the format is:)5 E 12.5(\(1\) An)107 487.4 R
(ything in parentheses is thro)-.15 E(wn a)-.25 E -.1(wa)-.15 G 2.5(y\().1 G
(as a comment\).)299.65 487.4 Q 12.5(\(2\) An)107 503.6 R .051
(ything in angle brack)-.15 F .051(ets \(\231<)-.1 F .051
(>\232\) is preferred o)1.666 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.551(ra).15 G -.15(ny)348.064
503.6 S .051(thing else.).15 F .051(This rule implements the)5.051 F(ARP)133.66
515.6 Q(ANET standard that addresses of the form)-.92 E
(user name <machine-address>)173.66 531.8 Q(will send to the electronic \231ma\
chine-address\232 rather than the human \231user name.)133.66 548 Q<9a>-.7 E
12.5(\(3\) Double)107 564.2 R 2.246(quotes \()4.746 F -2.754 2.5("\) q)2.5 H
2.246(uote phrases; backslashes quote characters.)224.188 564.2 R 2.246
(Backslashes are more)7.246 F(po)133.66 576.2 Q .654(werful in that the)-.25 F
3.154(yw)-.15 G .655(ill cause otherwise equi)229.196 576.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G
.655(lent phrases to compare dif).25 F .655(ferently \212 for)-.25 F -.15(ex)
133.66 588.2 S(ample,).15 E F2(user)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F2("user")2.5 E F1
(are equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent, b).25 E(ut)-.2 E F2(\\user)2.5 E F1
(is dif)2.5 E(ferent from either of them.)-.25 E -.15(Pa)127 604.4 S 1.12
(rentheses, angle brack).15 F 1.12
(ets, and double quotes must be properly balanced and nested.)-.1 F(The)6.12 E
(re)102 618.4 Q(writing rules control remaining parsing)-.25 E F3(3)266.17
614.4 Q F1(.)269.67 618.4 Q .32 LW 76 646 72 646 DL 80 646 76 646 DL 84 646 80
646 DL 88 646 84 646 DL 92 646 88 646 DL 96 646 92 646 DL 100 646 96 646 DL 104
646 100 646 DL 108 646 104 646 DL 112 646 108 646 DL 116 646 112 646 DL 120 646
116 646 DL 124 646 120 646 DL 128 646 124 646 DL 132 646 128 646 DL 136 646 132
646 DL 140 646 136 646 DL 144 646 140 646 DL 148 646 144 646 DL 152 646 148 646
DL 156 646 152 646 DL 160 646 156 646 DL 164 646 160 646 DL 168 646 164 646 DL
172 646 168 646 DL 176 646 172 646 DL 180 646 176 646 DL 184 646 180 646 DL 188
646 184 646 DL 192 646 188 646 DL 196 646 192 646 DL 200 646 196 646 DL 204 646
200 646 DL 208 646 204 646 DL 212 646 208 646 DL 216 646 212 646 DL/F4 5
/Times-Roman@0 SF(2)93.6 656.4 Q/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(Ob)3.2 I(viously)-.12 E
2.226(,i)-.52 G 2.226(ft)135.246 659.6 S .226(he site gi)142.36 659.6 R .226(v\
ing the error is not the originating site, the only reasonable option is to ma\
il back to the sender)-.2 F 4.227(.A)-.44 G(lso,)492.664 659.6 Q .191
(there are man)72 669.2 R 2.191(ym)-.12 G .19(ore error disposition options, b)
128.213 669.2 R .19(ut the)-.16 F 2.19(yo)-.12 G .19(nly ef)255.514 669.2 R .19
(fect the error message \212 the \231return to sender\232 function is al)-.2 F
-.08(wa)-.08 G .19(ys han-).08 F(dled in one of these tw)72 678.8 Q 2(ow)-.08 G
(ays.)156.272 678.8 Q F4(3)93.6 689.2 Q F5
(Disclaimer: Some special processing is done after re)3.2 I
(writing local names; see belo)-.2 E -.52(w.)-.2 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 192.28(SMM:9-6 SENDMAIL)72 60 R 2.5<8a41>2.5 G 2.5(nI)
383.99 60 S(nter)395.94 60 Q(netw)-.15 E(ork Mail Router)-.1 E 2.5(3.2. Mail)87
96 R(to Files and Pr)2.5 E(ograms)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .609
(Files and programs are le)127 112.2 R .609(gitimate message recipients.)-.15 F
.609(Files pro)5.609 F .609(vide archi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.109(ls).25 G .61
(torage of mes-)445.02 112.2 R .124
(sages, useful for project administration and history)102 124.2 R 5.124(.P)-.65
G .124(rograms are useful as recipients in a v)318.308 124.2 R .124(ariety of)
-.25 F .69(situations, for e)102 136.2 R .691(xample, to maintain a public rep\
ository of systems messages \(such as the Berk)-.15 F(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(msgs)102 148.2 Q F1(program, or the MARS system [Sattle)2.5
E(y78]\).)-.15 E(An)127 164.4 Q 3.188(ya)-.15 G .688(ddress passing through th\
e initial parsing algorithm as a local address \(i.e, not appear)151.698 164.4
R(-)-.2 E .276(ing to be a v)102 176.4 R .276
(alid address for another mailer\) is scanned for tw)-.25 F 2.776(os)-.1 G .277
(pecial cases.)362.128 176.4 R .277(If pre\214x)5.277 F .277(ed by a v)-.15 F
(erti-)-.15 E .18(cal bar \(\231)102 188.4 R .833<7c9a>.833 G 2.68(\)t)-.833 G
.179(he rest of the address is processed as a shell command.)156.456 188.4 R
.179(If the user name be)5.179 F .179(gins with a)-.15 F(slash mark \(\231/)102
200.4 Q(\232\) the name is used as a \214le name, instead of a login name.).833
E .241(Files that ha)127 216.6 R .541 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .241
(etuid or setgid bits set b).15 F .241(ut no e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .241
(cute bits set ha).15 F .541 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .241(hose bits honored if).15 F F2
(send-)2.742 E(mail)102 228.6 Q F1(is running as root.)2.5 E F0 2.5
(3.3. Aliasing,)87 252.6 R -.25(Fo)2.5 G(rwarding, Inclusion).25 E F2(Sendmail)
127 268.8 Q F1 1.075(reroutes mail three w)3.575 F 3.575(ays. Aliasing)-.1 F
1.074(applies system wide.)3.575 F -.15(Fo)6.074 G(rw).15 E 1.074(arding allo)
-.1 F 1.074(ws each)-.25 F .233
(user to reroute incoming mail destined for that account.)102 280.8 R .233
(Inclusion directs)5.233 F F2(sendmail)2.733 E F1 .233(to read a \214le for)
2.733 F 2.5(al)102 292.8 S
(ist of addresses, and is normally used in conjunction with aliasing.)111.72
292.8 Q F0 2.5(3.3.1. Aliasing)102 316.8 R F1 1.554
(Aliasing maps names to address lists using a system-wide \214le.)142 333 R
1.553(This \214le is inde)6.553 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.053(dt).15 G(o)499 333 Q 1.1
(speed access.)117 345 R 1.101(Only names that parse as local are allo)6.1 F
1.101(wed as aliases; this guarantees a unique)-.25 F -.1(ke)117 357 S 2.5(y\()
-.05 G(since there are no nicknames for the local host\).)137.02 357 Q F0 2.5
(3.3.2. F)102 381 R(orwarding)-.25 E F1 .651
(After aliasing, recipients that are local and v)142 397.2 R .651
(alid are check)-.25 F .65(ed for the e)-.1 F .65(xistence of a \231.for)-.15 F
(-)-.2 E -.1(wa)117 409.2 S .493(rd\232 \214le in their home directory).1 F
5.493(.I)-.65 G 2.994(fi)264.178 409.2 S 2.994(te)273.282 409.2 S .494
(xists, the message is)283.346 409.2 R F2(not)2.994 E F1 .494
(sent to that user)2.994 F 2.994(,b)-.4 G .494(ut rather to)459.132 409.2 R .37
(the list of users in that \214le.)117 421.2 R .37
(Often this list will contain only one address, and the feature will be)5.37 F
(used for netw)117 433.2 Q(ork mail forw)-.1 E(arding.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)142 449.4
S(rw).15 E 1.151(arding also permits a user to specify a pri)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25
G 1.152(te incoming mailer).25 F 6.152(.F)-.55 G 1.152(or e)437.346 449.4 R
1.152(xample, for)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -.1(wa)117 461.4 S(rding to:).1 E -2.5 .833
("| /)157 477.6 T(usr/local/ne)-.833 E(wmail myname")-.25 E(will use a dif)117
493.8 Q(ferent incoming mailer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F0 2.5(3.3.3. Inclusion)102
517.8 R F1(Inclusion is speci\214ed in RFC 733 [Crock)142 534 Q(er77a] syntax:)
-.1 E(:Include: pathname)157 550.2 Q .391
(An address of this form reads the \214le speci\214ed by)117 566.4 R F2
(pathname)2.891 E F1 .391(and sends to all users listed in that)2.891 F
(\214le.)117 578.4 Q .644(The intent is)142 594.6 R F2(not)3.144 E F1 .644
(to support direct use of this feature, b)3.144 F .644
(ut rather to use this as a subset of)-.2 F 2.5(aliasing. F)117 606.6 R(or e)
-.15 E(xample, an alias of the form:)-.15 E
(project: :include:/usr/project/userlist)157 622.8 Q 1.93(is a method of letti\
ng a project maintain a mailing list without interaction with the system)117
639 R(administration, e)117 651 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)203.54 651
S(he alias \214le is protected.)212.15 651 Q 2.024(It is not necessary to reb)
142 667.2 R 2.024(uild the inde)-.2 F 4.524(xo)-.15 G 4.524(nt)317.822 667.2 S
2.025(he alias database when a :include: list is)330.126 667.2 R(changed.)117
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SENDMAIL \212 An Inter)72 60 Q(netw)-.15 E
(ork Mail Router)-.1 E(SMM:9-7)462.9 60 Q 2.5(3.4. Message)87 96 R(Collection)
2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .857
(Once all recipient addresses are parsed and v)127 112.2 R .857
(eri\214ed, the message is collected.)-.15 F .856(The message)5.857 F
(comes in tw)102 124.2 Q 2.5(op)-.1 G
(arts: a message header and a message body)162.73 124.2 Q 2.5(,s)-.65 G
(eparated by a blank line.)343.42 124.2 Q
(The header is formatted as a series of lines of the form)127 140.4 Q
(\214eld-name: \214eld-v)178 156.6 Q(alue)-.25 E(Field-v)102 172.8 Q 1.366
(alue can be split across lines by starting the follo)-.25 F 1.366
(wing lines with a space or a tab)-.25 F 6.366(.S)-.4 G(ome)486.78 172.8 Q .211
(header \214elds ha)102 184.8 R .511 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .211
(pecial internal meaning, and ha).15 F .511 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .211
(ppropriate special processing.).15 F .21(Other headers)5.21 F
(are simply passed through.)102 196.8 Q
(Some header \214elds may be added automatically)5 E 2.5(,s)-.65 G
(uch as time stamps.)413.53 196.8 Q .86(The body is a series of te)127 213 R
.861(xt lines.)-.15 F .861(It is completely uninterpreted and untouched, e)
5.861 F .861(xcept that)-.15 F 1.43(lines be)102 225 R 1.43
(ginning with a dot ha)-.15 F 1.729 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.429
(he dot doubled when transmitted o).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.929(ra).15 G 3.929
(nS)407.213 225 S 1.429(MTP channel.)421.702 225 R(This)6.429 E -.15(ex)102 237
S(tra dot is stripped by the recei).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.55(r.).15 G F0 2.5
(3.5. Message)87 261 R(Deli)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(ry).1 E F1 .028
(The send queue is ordered by recei)127 277.2 R .029
(ving host before transmission to implement message batch-)-.25 F 3.07
(ing. Each)102 289.2 R .57(address is mark)3.07 F .57
(ed as it is sent so rescanning the list is safe.)-.1 F .57(An ar)5.57 F .57
(gument list is b)-.18 F .57(uilt as)-.2 F 1.138(the scan proceeds.)102 301.2 R
1.139(Mail to \214les is detected during the scan of the send list.)6.139 F
1.139(The interf)6.139 F 1.139(ace to the)-.1 F
(mailer is performed using one of the techniques described in section 2.2.)102
313.2 Q .996(After a connection is established,)127 329.4 R/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(sendmail)3.496 E F1(mak)3.495 E .995(es the per)-.1 F .995
(-mailer changes to the header and)-.2 F .236(sends the result to the mailer)
102 341.4 R 5.236(.I)-.55 G 2.736(fa)228.406 341.4 S .537 -.15(ny m)238.912
341.4 T .237(ail is rejected by the mailer).15 F 2.737(,a\215)-.4 G .237
(ag is set to in)386.628 341.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .437 -.1(ke t).2 H .237
(he return-).1 F(to-sender function after all deli)102 353.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry completes.).15 E F0 2.5(3.6. Queued)87 377.4 R(Messages)2.5 E F1 .163
(If the mailer returns a \231temporary f)127 393.6 R .163(ailure\232 e)-.1 F
.162(xit status, the message is queued.)-.15 F 2.662(Ac)5.162 G .162
(ontrol \214le is)455.336 393.6 R .85
(used to describe the recipients to be sent to and v)102 405.6 R .851
(arious other parameters.)-.25 F .851(This control \214le is for)5.851 F(-)-.2
E 1.011(matted as a series of lines, each describing a sender)102 417.6 R 3.511
(,ar)-.4 G 1.011(ecipient, the time of submission, or some)333.494 417.6 R .776
(other salient parameter of the message.)102 429.6 R .776
(The header of the message is stored in the control \214le, so)5.776 F(that th\
e associated data \214le in the queue is just the temporary \214le that w)102
441.6 Q(as originally collected.)-.1 E F0 2.5(3.7. Con\214guration)87 465.6 R
F1 .493(Con\214guration is controlled primarily by a con\214guration \214le re\
ad at startup.)127 481.8 R F2(Sendmail)5.492 E F1(should)2.992 E
(not need to be recomplied e)102 493.8 Q(xcept)-.15 E 12.5(\(1\) T)107 510 R
2.5(oc)-.8 G(hange operating systems \(V6, V7/32V)150.91 510 Q 2.5(,4)-1.29 G
(BSD\).)313.21 510 Q 12.5(\(2\) T)107 526.2 R 2.5(or)-.8 G(emo)149.8 526.2 Q .3
-.15(ve o)-.15 H 2.5(ri).15 G(nsert the DBM \(UNIX database\) library)192.27
526.2 Q(.)-.65 E 12.5(\(3\) T)107 542.4 R 2.5(oc)-.8 G(hange ARP)150.91 542.4 Q
(ANET reply codes.)-.92 E 12.5(\(4\) T)107 558.6 R 2.5(oa)-.8 G
(dd headers \214elds requiring special processing.)150.91 558.6 Q .434
(Adding mailers or changing parsing \(i.e., re)102 574.8 R .435
(writing\) or routing information does not require recom-)-.25 F(pilation.)102
586.8 Q 1.317(If the mail is being sent by a local user)127 603 R 3.817(,a)-.4
G 1.317(nd the \214le \231.mailcf\232 e)303.914 603 R 1.317
(xists in the sender')-.15 F 3.817(sh)-.55 G(ome)486.78 603 Q(directory)102 615
Q 2.721(,t)-.65 G .221(hat \214le is read as a con\214guration \214le after th\
e system con\214guration \214le.)145.451 615 R .222(The primary use)5.222 F
(of this feature is to add header lines.)102 627 Q 3.25(The con\214guration \
\214le encodes macro de\214nitions, header de\214nitions, mailer de\214nitions\
,)127 643.2 R(re)102 655.2 Q(writing rules, and options.)-.25 E F0 2.5
(3.7.1. Macr)102 679.2 R(os)-.18 E F1 .332(Macros can be used in three w)142
695.4 R 2.833(ays. Certain)-.1 F .333(macros transmit unstructured te)2.833 F
.333(xtual informa-)-.15 F .07(tion into the mail system, such as the name)117
707.4 R F2(sendmail)2.57 E F1 .07
(will use to identify itself in error messages.)2.57 F 1.247
(Other macros transmit information from)117 719.4 R F2(sendmail)3.747 E F1
1.247(to the con\214guration \214le for use in creating)3.747 F EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 192.28(SMM:9-8 SENDMAIL)72 60 R 2.5<8a41>2.5 G 2.5(nI)
383.99 60 S(nter)395.94 60 Q(netw)-.15 E(ork Mail Router)-.1 E/F1 10
/Times-Roman@0 SF .312(other \214elds \(such as ar)117 96 R .312(gument v)-.18
F .312(ectors to mailers\); e.g., the name of the sender)-.15 F 2.811(,a)-.4 G
.311(nd the host and)442.237 96 R .848(user of the recipient.)117 108 R .848