hp.4

早期freebsd实现

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.\"     @(#)hp.4	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
.\"
.Dd June 5, 1993
.Dt HP 4 vax
.Os BSD 4
.Sh NAME
.Nm hp
.Nd
.Tn MASSBUS
disk interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "disk hp0 at mba0 drive 0"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm hp
driver
is a generic Massbus disk driver which handles both the standard
.Tn DEC
controllers and the Emulex
.Tn SC750
and
.Tn SC780
controllers.
It is typical of a block-device disk driver; block
.Tn I/O
is
described in
.Xr physio 4 .
.Pp
The script
.Xr MAKEDEV 8
should be used to create the special files; if a special file
needs to be created by hand consult
.Xr mknod 8 .
It is recommended as a security precaution to not create special files
for devices which may never be installed.
.Pp
The first sector of each disk contains both a first-stage bootstrap program
and a disk label containing geometry information and partition layouts (see
.Xr disklabel 5 .
This sector is normally write-protected, and disk-to-disk copies should
avoid copying this sector.
The label may be updated with
.Xr disklabel 8 ,
which can also be used to write-enable and write-disable the sector.
The next 15 sectors contain a second-stage bootstrap program.
.Sh DISK SUPPORT
This driver handles both standard
.Tn DEC
controllers and Emulex
.Tn SC750
and
.Tn SC780
controllers.
During autoconfiguration or whenever a drive comes on line for the first time,
or when a drive is opened after all partitions are closed,
the first sector of the drive is examined for a disk label.
If a label is found, the geometry of the drive and the partition tables
are taken from it.
If no label is found,
standard
.Tn DEC
drive types are
recognized according to the
.Tn MASSBUS
drive type register,
and default partitions are used.
For the Emulex controller the drive type register should be configured
to indicate the drive is an
.Tn RM02 .
When this is encountered,
the driver checks the holding register to find out
the disk geometry and, based on this information, decides what
the drive type is.
.Pp
Special file names begin with
.Sq Li hp
and
.Sq Li rhp
for the block and character files respectively. The second
component of the name, a drive unit number in the range of zero to
seven, is represented by a
.Sq Li ?
in the disk layouts below.
The last component is the file system partition
designated
by a letter from
.Sq Li a
to
.Sq Li h
and also corresponds to a minor device number set: zero to seven,
eight to 15, 16 to 23 and so forth for drive zero, drive two and drive
three respectively.
The following disks are supported:
.Tn RM03 ,
.Tn RM05 ,
.Tn RP06 ,
.Tn RM80 ,
.Tn RP05 ,
.Tn RP07 ,
.Tn ML11A ,
.Tn ML11B ,
.Tn CDC 9775 ,
.Tn CDC 9730 ,
.Tn AMPEX
Capricorn (32 sectors/track),
.Tn FUJITSU
Eagle (48 sectors/track),
.Tn FUJITSU 2361, 
and
.Tn AMPEX
9300.  The default layout and size (in sectors) of the
partitions for these drives:
.Bl -column header diskx undefined length
.Tn RM03 No partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyls
	hp?a	0	15884	0-99
	hp?b	16000	33440	100-309
	hp?c	0	131680	0-822
	hp?d	49600	15884	309-408
	hp?e	65440	55936	409-758
	hp?f	121440	10080	759-822
	hp?g	49600	82080	309-822

.Tn RM05 No partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyls
	hp?a	0	15884	0-26
	hp?b	16416	33440	27-81
	hp?c	0	500384	0-822
	hp?d	341696	15884	562-588
	hp?e	358112	55936	589-680
	hp?f	414048	86176	681-822
	hp?g	341696	158528	562-822
	hp?h	49856	291346	82-561

.Tn RP06 No partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyls
	hp?a	0	15884	0-37
	hp?b	15884	33440	38-117
	hp?c	0	340670	0-814
	hp?d	49324	15884	118-155
	hp?e	65208	55936	156-289
	hp?f	121220	219296	290-814
	hp?g	49324	291192	118-814	

.Tn RM80 No partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyls
	hp?a	0	15884	0-36
	hp?b	16058	33440	37-114
	hp?c	0	242606	0-558
	hp?d	49910	15884	115-151
	hp?e	68096	55936	152-280
	hp?f	125888	120466	281-558
	hp?g	49910	192510	115-558

.Tn RP05 No partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyls
	hp?a	0	15884	0-37
	hp?b	15884	33440	38-117
	hp?c	0	171798	0-410
	hp?d	2242	15884	118-155
	hp?e	65208	55936	156-289
	hp?f	121220	50424	290-410
	hp?g	2242	122320	118-410

.Tn RP07 No partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyls
	hp?a	0	15884	0-9
	hp?b	16000	66880	10-51
	hp?c	0	1008000	0-629
	hp?d	376000	15884	235-244
	hp?e	392000	307200	245-436
	hp?f	699200	308600	437-629
	hp?g	376000	631800	235-629
	hp?h	83200	291346	52-234

.Tn CDC No 9775 partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyls
	hp?a	0	15884	0-12
	hp?b	16640	66880	13-65
	hp?c	0	1077760	0-841
	hp?d	376320	15884	294-306
	hp?e	392960	307200	307-546
	hp?f	700160	377440	547-841
	hp?g	376320	701280	294-841
	hp?h	84480	291346	66-293

.Tn CDC No 9730 partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyls
	hp?a	0	15884	0-49
	hp?b	16000	33440	50-154
	hp?c	0	263360	0-822
	hp?d	49600	15884	155-204
	hp?e	65600	55936	205-379
	hp?f	121600	141600	380-822
	hp?g	49600	213600	155-822

.Tn AMPEX No Capricorn partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyls
	hp?a	0	15884	0-31
	hp?b	16384	33440	32-97
	hp?c	0	524288	0-1023
	hp?d	342016	15884	668-699
	hp?e	358400	55936	700-809
	hp?f	414720	109408	810-1023
	hp?g	342016	182112	668-1023
	hp?h	50176	291346	98-667

.Tn FUJITSU No Eagle partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyls
	hp?a	0	15884	0-16
	hp?b	16320	66880	17-86
	hp?c	0	808320	0-841
	hp?d	375360	15884	391-407
	hp?e	391680	55936	408-727
	hp?f	698880	109248	728-841
	hp?g	375360	432768	391-841
	hp?h	83520	291346	87-390

.Tn FUJITSU No 2361 partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyls
	hp?a	0	15884	0-12
	hp?b	16640	66880	13-65
	hp?c	0	1077760	0-841
	hp?d	376320	15884	294-306
	hp?e	392960	307200	307-546
	hp?f	700160	377408	547-841
	hp?g	363520	701248	294-841
	hp?h	84480	291346	66-293

.Tn AMPEX No 9300 partitions
.Sy	disk	start	length	cyl
	hp?a	0	15884	0-26
	hp?b	16416	33440	27-81
	hp?c	0	495520	0-814
	hp?d	341696	15884	562-588
	hp?e	358112	55936	589-680
	hp?f	414048	81312	681-814
	hp?g	341696	153664	562-814
	hp?h	49856	291346	82-561
.El
.Pp
The hp?a partition is normally used for the root file system,
the hp?b partition as a paging area,
and the hp?c partition for pack-pack copying (it maps the entire disk).
On disks larger than about 205 Megabytes, the hp?h partition
is inserted prior to the hp?d or hp?g partition;
the hp?g partition then maps the remainder of the pack.
All disk partition tables are calculated using the
.Xr diskpart 8
program.
.Pp
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /dev/rhp[0-7][a-h] -compact
.It Pa /dev/hp[0-7][a-h]
block files
.It Pa /dev/rhp[0-7][a-h]
raw files
.El
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Bl -diag
.It "hp%d%c: hard error %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (hp%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) mbsr=%b er1=%b er2=%b."
An unrecoverable error occurred during transfer of the specified
filesystem block number,
which is a logical block number on the indicated partition.
If the transfer involved multiple blocks, the block range is printed as well.
The parenthesized fields list the actual disk sector number
relative to the beginning of the drive,
as well as the cylinder, track and sector number of the block.
The
.Tn MASSBUS
status register is printed in hexadecimal and
with the error bits decoded if any error bits other than
.Tn MBEXC
and
.Tn DTABT
are set.  In any case the contents of the two error registers are also printed
in octal and symbolically with bits decoded.
(Note that er2 is what old
.Tn RP06
manuals would call
.Tn RPER3 ;
the terminology
is that of the
.Tn RM
disks).
The error was either unrecoverable, or a large number of retry attempts
(including offset positioning and drive recalibration) could not
recover the error.
.Pp
.It hp%d: write locked.
The write protect switch was set on the drive
when a write was attempted.  The write operation is not recoverable.
.Pp
.It hp%d: not ready .
The drive was spun down or off line when it was
accessed.  The
.Tn I/O
operation is not recoverable.
.Pp
.It "hp%d%c: soft ecc reading fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (hp%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d)."
A recoverable
.Tn ECC
error occurred on the
specified sector of the specified disk partition. 
If the transfer involved multiple blocks, the block range is printed as well.
The parenthesized fields list the actual disk sector number
relative to the beginning of the drive,
as well as the cylinder, track and sector number of the block.
This happens normally
a few times a week.  If it happens more frequently than
this the sectors where the errors are occurring should be checked to see
if certain cylinders on the pack, spots on the carriage of the drive
or heads are indicated.
.Pp
.It hp%d: 9775 (direct).
.It hp%d: 9730 (direct).
.It hp%d: 9300.
.It hp%d: 9762.
.It hp%d: capricorn.
.It hp%d: eagle.
.It hp%d: 2361.
.It hp%d: ntracks %d, nsectors %d: unknown device.
During autoconfiguration one of the above messages may appear
on the console indicating the appropriate drive type was recognized.
The last message indicates the drive is of a unknown type.
In this case, the correct geometry is set, and one partition is created
that contains the entire drive.
.Pp
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr physio 4 ,
.Xr up 4 ,
.Xr disklabel 5 ,
.Xr MAKEDEV 8
.Xr disklabel 8
.Xr mknod 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
driver appeared in
.Bx 4.0 .
.Sh BUGS
.Tn DEC Ns -standard
error logging should be supported.
.Pp
A program to analyze the logged error information (even in its
present reduced form) is needed.