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<title>第一章 绪论</title>
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<p align="center"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="6">7.5
有向无环图及其应用</font></b></span></p>
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一个无环的有向图称做有向无环图，简称DAG图，如下图所示分别为树，DAG图和有向图的例子。</font></span></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><font color="#FFFFFF" size="5"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <img border="0" src="ds7.5.1.gif" width="506" height="271">
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<p align="left"><b><font color="#FFFFFF" size="5"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">有向无环图是描述一项工程或系统的进行过程的有效工具。除最简单的情况之外，几乎所有的工种都可分为若干个称做活动的子工程，而这些子工程之间，通常受着一定条件的约束，如其中某些子工程的开始必须在另一些子工程完成之后。对整个工程和系统，人们关心的是两个方面的问题：一是能否顺利进行；二是估算整个工程完成所必须的最短时间，对应于有向图，即为进行拓扑排序和求关键路径的操作。</span></font></b></p>
<p align="left"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="5">7.5.1
</font><a href="ds7.5.1.htm"><font size="5" color="#FFFF00">拓扑排序</font></a></span></b></p>
<p align="left"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="5">7.5.2
</font><a href="ds7.5.2.htm"><font size="5" color="#FFFF00">关键路径</font></a></span></b></p>
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