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<title>数 据 结 构</title>
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<p align="center"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US"><font size="6" color="#FFFF00">10.3
交换排序</font></span></b></p>
<p align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>交换排序主要是通过两两比较待排记录的关键码，若发生与排序要求相逆，则交换之。</b></font></span></p>
<h4><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#FFFF00"><b><font size="5">10.3.1</font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFF00"><b><font size="5"><span style="font-family:黑体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial">冒泡排序</span><span lang="EN-US">(Bubble Sort)</span></font></b></font></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
</b></font></span><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>先来看看待排序列一趟冒泡的过程：设1<j≤n，r[1],r[2],···,r[j]为待排序列，<o:p>
</o:p>
</b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">
通过两两比较、交换，重新安排存放顺序，使得<span lang="EN-US">r[j]是序列中关键码最大的记录。一趟冒泡方法为：<o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></b></span></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>i=1；<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></b></font></span><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">//设置从第一个记录开始进行两两比较</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></b></font></li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>若i≥j，一趟冒泡结束。<o:p>
</o:p>
</b></font></span></li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">比较r[i].key与r[i+1].key，若r[i].key≤r[i+1].key，不交换，转</font><font size="5" color="#FFFF00">5</font><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><o:p>
</o:p>
</font></b></span></li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>当r[i].key>r[i+1].key时，
r[0]=r[i]；r[i]=r[i+1]；r[i+1]=r[0]；将r[i]与r[i+1]交换</b></font></span></li>
<li>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">i=i+1；
调整对下两个记录进行两两比较，转</font><font size="5" color="#FFFF00">2</font></b></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
</b></font></span><b><font size="5" color="#FFFF00">冒泡排序方法</font><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">：对n个记录的表，第一趟冒泡得到一个关键码最大的记录r[n]，第二趟冒泡对n-1个记录的表，再得到一个关键码最大的记录r[n-1]，如此重复，直到n个记录按关键码有序的表。<o:p>
</o:p>
</font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">【算法<span lang="EN-US">10.6】<o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">void
bubble_sort(SqList a)</font></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman" lang="EN-US"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">{</font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"> for(i=a.length-1,change=TRUE;i>=1&&change;--i)</font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"> {</font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">
change=FALSE;</font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">
for(j=0;j<i;++j)</font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">
if(a[j].key>a[j+1].key)</font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">
{a[j].key<-->a[j+1].key;change=TRUE;}</font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"> }</font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman" lang="EN-US"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">}</font></span><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><font size="5" color="#FFFF00">【效率分析】</font><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">空间效率：仅用了一个辅助单元。</font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">时间效率：总共要进行<span lang="EN-US">n-1趟冒泡，对j个记录的表进行一趟冒泡需要j-1次关键码比较。</span></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US"><img border="0" src="ds10.316.gif" width="215" height="43"></span></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>移动次数：</b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>最好情况下：待排序列已有序，不需移动。</b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><img border="0" src="ds10.317.gif" width="502" height="43"></p>
<h4><b><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5" color="#FFFF00">10.3.2</font></span><font size="5" color="#FFFF00"><span style="font-family:黑体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial">快速排序（Quick Sort）</span></font></b></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>快速排序是通过比较关键码、交换记录，以某个记录为界<span lang="EN-US">(该记录称为支点)，将待排序列分成两部分。其中，一部分所有记录的关键码大于等于支点记录的关键码，另一部分所有记录的关键码小于支点记录的关键码。我们将待排序列按关键码以支点记录分成两部分的过程，称为一次划分。对各部分不断划分，直到整个序列按关键码有序。<o:p>
</o:p>
</span></b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>一次划分方法：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">
</font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">设1≤p<q≤n，r[p],r[p+1],...,r[q]为待排序列<o:p>
</o:p>
</font></b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><b><font size="5" color="#FFFF00">A</font><font color="#FFFFFF" size="5">
low=p；high=q； <span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span></font></b></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">//设置两个搜索指针，low是向后搜索指针，high是向前搜索指针<o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></b></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">
</font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">r[0]=r[low]；<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">//取第一个记录为支点记录，low位置暂设为支点空位</span></font></b></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></b></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><b><font size="5" color="#FFFF00">B</font><font color="#FFFFFF" size="5">
若low=high，支点空位确定，即为low。<o:p>
</o:p>
</font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">
</font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">r[low]=r[0]；<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">//填入支点记录，一次划分结束<o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></b></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">
</font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">否则，low<high，搜索需要交换的记录，并交换之</font></b></font></span></p>
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