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<p align="center"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">3.1.2 <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">栈的存储实现和运算实现</font></font></b></p>
<p align="left"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="5" color="#FFFFFF">
由于栈是运算受限的线性表，因此线性表的存储结构对栈也是适用的，只是操作不同而已。</font></p>
<ol>
<b><font FACE="oúì?,SimHei" LANG="ZH-CN">
<li><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">顺序栈</font></li>
</ol>
</font></b><font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></font><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">
利用顺序存储方式实现的栈称为顺序栈。类似于顺序表的定义，栈中的数据元素用一个预设的足够长度的一维数组来实现：</font>datatype
data[MAXSIZE]<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">，栈底位置可以设置在数组的任一个端点，而栈顶是随着插入和删除而变化的，用一个</font>int
top <font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">来作为栈顶的指针，指明当前栈顶的位置，同样将</font>data<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">和</font>top<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">封装在一个结构中，顺序栈的类型描述如下：</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">#define
MAXSIZE 1024</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">typedef
struct</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">{datatype
data[MAXSIZE];</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">
int
top;</font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"> }SeqStack</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="5" color="#FFFFFF">定义一个指向顺序栈的指针：</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">SeqStack *s;</font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> <font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">通常</font>0<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">下标端设为栈底，这样空栈时栈顶指针</font>top=-1;
<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">入栈时，栈顶指针加１，即</font>s->top++;
<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">出栈时，栈顶指针减１，即</font>s->top--<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">。栈操作的示意图如图</font>3.2<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">所示。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">
图</font>(a)<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">是空栈，图</font>(c)<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">是</font>A<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">、</font>B<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">、</font>C<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">、</font>D<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">、</font>E
5<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">个元素依次入栈之后，图</font>(d)<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">是在图</font>(c)<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">之后</font>E<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">、</font>D<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">相继出栈，此时栈中还有</font>3<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">个元素，或许最近出栈的元素</font>D<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">、</font>E<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">仍然在原先的单元存储着，但</font>top<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">指针已经指向了新的栈顶，则元素</font>D<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">、</font>E<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">已不在栈中了，通过这个示意图要深刻理解栈顶指针的作用。</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="center" style="margin-bottom: 0"><font SIZE="3"><img SRC="Image1.gif" WIDTH="493" HEIGHT="233"></font></p>
<font SIZE="3">
<p ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0"><img border="0" src="ds3.1.2.gif" width="405" height="65"></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></font><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN" size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>在上述存储结构上基本操作的实现如下：</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">⑴</font>
<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">置空栈：首先建立栈空间，然后初始化栈顶指针。</font></b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>SeqStack
*Init_SeqStack()</b></font></p>
<blockquote>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>{
SeqStack *s;</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
s=malloc(sizeof(SeqStack));</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
s->top= -1; </b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b> return s;</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>}</b></font></p>
</blockquote>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">⑵</font>
<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">判空栈</font></b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>int
Empty_SeqStack(SeqStack *s)</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>{
if (s->top= = -1) </b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
return OK;</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
else </b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
return ERROR;</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>}</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">⑶</font>
<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">进栈</font></b></font></p>
<blockquote>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>int
Push_SeqStack (SeqStack *s, datatype x)</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>{</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b> if
(s->top==MAXSIZE-1) return ERROR; /*<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">栈满</font>*/</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b> else
</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
{ </b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
s->top++;</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
s->data[s->top]=x;</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
return OK;</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: -5"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
}</b></font></p>
</blockquote>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: -5; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
}</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">⑷</font>
<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">出栈</font></b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
int Pop_SeqStack(SeqStack *s, datatype *x)</b></font></p>
<blockquote>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>{
</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b> if
(Empty_SeqStack ( s ) ) </b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
return ERROR; /*<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">栈空不能出栈</font>
*/</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b> else
</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b> {
</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
*x=s->data[s->top];</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
s->top--; </b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>
return OK; </b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b> }
/*<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">栈顶元素存入</font>*x<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">，返回</font>*/</b></font></p>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>}</b></font></p>
</blockquote>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">⑸</font>
<font FACE="??ì?,SimSun" LANG="ZH-CN">取栈顶元素</font></b></font></p>
<blockquote>
<p ALIGN="justify" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>datatype
Top_SeqStack(SeqStack *s)</b></font></p>
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