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<title>数 据 结 构</title>
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<!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><p:colorscheme
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 21.0pt" align="center"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" size="6" color="#FFFF00">4.2
</font></span><span style="font-family:黑体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial"><font size="6" color="#FFFF00">串的定长顺序存储及基本运算</font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>因为串是数据元素类型为字符型的线性表，所以线性表的存储方式仍适用于串，也因为字符的特殊性和字符串经常作为一个整体来处理的特点，串在存储时还有一些与一般线性表不同之处。</b></font></span></p>
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<h4><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体" color="#CC6633"><b><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5" color="#00FF00">4.2.1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></span><font size="5" color="#00FF00"><span style="font-family:黑体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial">串的定长顺序存储</span></font></b><!--mstheme--></font></h4>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>类似于顺序表，用一组地址连续的存储单元存储串值中的字符序列，所谓定长是指按预定义的大小，为每一个串变量分配一个固定长度的存储区，如：</b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.65pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>#define
MAXSIZE<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>256</b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>char<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>s[MAXSIZE];</b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">则串的最大长度不能超过</font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US">256</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。</span></font></b></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt"><font color="#FFFF00"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><font size="5">如何标识实际长度</font></b></span><font size="5"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">的</span></b></font></font><b><font color="#FFFF00"><font size="5"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">问题</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">：</span></font></font><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#FFFF00" size="5"> </font><font color="#FF0000" size="5"><o:p>
</o:p>
</font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">类似顺序表，用一个指针来指向最后一个字符，这样表示的串描述如下：</span></font></b></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>typedef
struct</b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5"> </font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">{<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>char<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>data[MAXSIZE];</font></b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 21.75pt; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>int<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>curlen;</b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 27.0pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>}
SeqString;</b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:27.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5">定义一个串变量：</font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US">SeqString
s;</span></font></b></font></p>
<font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">这种存储方式可以直接得到串的长度：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">s.curlen+1</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。如下图</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">所示。</span></b></font>
<p><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="4">S.data</font></span></b></p>
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<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>0</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>1</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>2</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>3</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>4</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>5</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>...</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="53" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="61" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="91" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><b><font color="#FFFFFF" size="3">Maxsize-1</font></b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
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<td width="64" height="22" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>A</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="22" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>B</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="22" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>C</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="22" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>D</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="22" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>E</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="22" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>F</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="22" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="53" height="22" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="61" height="22" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="91" height="22" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><!--mstheme--></font></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 20.65pt" align="center">
<img border="0" src="ds4.2.1.gif" align="baseline" width="60" height="29"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 20.65pt" align="left"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">2.
</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">在串尾存储一个不会在串中出现的特殊字符作为串的终结符，以此表示串的结尾。比如</span><span lang="EN-US">C</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">语言中处理定长串的方法就是这样的，它是用</span><span lang="EN-US">’\0’</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">来表示串的结束。这种存储方法不能直接得到串的长度，是用判断当前字符是否是</span><span lang="EN-US">’\0’</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">来确定串是否结束，从而求得串的长度。</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 20.65pt" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">char<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>s[MAXSIZE];</font></b></span></p>
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<table border="1" width="657" height="60" bordercolorlight="#3366CC" bordercolordark="#000000">
<tr>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>0</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>1</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>2</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>3</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>4</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>5</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="64" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>...</b></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="53" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="61" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="91" height="26" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><b><font color="#FFFFFF" size="3">Maxsize-1</font></b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
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