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"Times New Roman"'>图</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.6<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>带末尾指针的索引表</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0; margin-left: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"> </font></b></span><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">3.
</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">带特征位的索引表</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">当一个串的存储空间不超过一个指针的存储空间时，可以直接将该串存在索引项的指针域，这样即节约了存储空间，又提高查找速度，但这时要加一个特征位</span><span lang="EN-US">tag</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以指出指针域存放的是指针还是串。</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如下图</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示，索引项的结点类型为：</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">typedef<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>struct</font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b> </b></font></span><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>{<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>char<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>name[MAXNAME];</b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 21.75pt; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">int
tag;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>/*</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">特征位</span><span lang="EN-US">*/</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 21.75pt; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">union</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span><span lang="EN-US">/*</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">起始地址或串值</span><span lang="EN-US">*/</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 31.7pt; margin-left: 20.65pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">{char
*stradr;</font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 31.7pt; margin-left: 20.65pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b> </b></font></span><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>char
value[4];</b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 31.7pt; margin-left: 20.65pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">}uval;</font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 27.0pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">}
TNode;</font></b></span></p>
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<h4><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">4.3.2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></span><span style="font-family:黑体">堆存储结构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></b></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在应用程序中，参与运算的串变量之间的长度相差较大，并且操作中串值的长度变化也较大，因此为串变量预分配固定大小的空间不尽合理。</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">
</span><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">堆存储结构的基本思想是：在内存中开辟能存储足够多的串、地址连续的存储空间作为应用程序中所有串的可利用存储空间，称为堆空间，如设</span><span lang="EN-US">store[SMAX+1];
</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">根据每个串的长度，动态的为每个串在堆空间里申请相应大小的存储区域，这个串顺序存储在所申请的存储区域中，当操作过程中若原空间不够了，可以根据串的实际长度重新申请，拷贝原串值后再释放原空间。</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.65pt" align="left"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如图</span><span lang="EN-US">4.8</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示，是一个堆结构示意图。阴影部分是已经为存在的串分配过的，</span><span lang="EN-US">free</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为未分配部分的起始地址，每当向</span><span lang="EN-US">store</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">中存放一个串时，要填上该串的索引项</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.65pt" align="center"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><img src="ds4.3.4.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1029 _x0000_s1030 _x0000_s1031 _x0000_s1032 _x0000_s1033 _x0000_s1034 _x0000_s1035 _x0000_s1036 _x0000_s1037 _x0000_s1038 _x0000_s1039 _x0000_s1040 _x0000_s1041 _x0000_s1042 _x0000_s1043 _x0000_s1044 _x0000_s1045 _x0000_s1046 _x0000_s1047 _x0000_s1048 _x0000_s1049 _x0000_s1050 _x0000_s1051 _x0000_s1052 _x0000_s1053 _x0000_s1054 _x0000_s1055 _x0000_s1056 _x0000_s1057 _x0000_s1058 _x0000_s1059 _x0000_s1060 _x0000_s1061" align="middle" width="296" height="225"></font></b></span><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><br style="mso-ignore:vglayout" clear="ALL">
<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p>
</o:p>
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<h4><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>4.3.3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></b></font></span><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><span style="font-family:黑体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial">基于堆结构的基本运算</span></b></font></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.75pt"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">堆结构上的串运算仍然基于字符序列的复制进行，基本思想是：当需要产生一个新串时，要判断堆空间中是否还有存储空间，若有，则从</span><span lang="EN-US">free</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指针开始划出相应大小的区域为该串的存储区，然后根据运算求出串值，最后建立该串存储映象索引信息，并修改</span><span lang="EN-US">free</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指针。</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.75pt"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">设堆空间为：</span><span lang="EN-US">
char<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>store[SMAX+1];</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:62.65pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>自由区指针：</b></font></span><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><span lang="EN-US">int<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>free;</span></b></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:62.65pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">串的存储映象类型如下：</font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 3.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">typedef<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>struct</font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 3.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b></b></font></span><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b>{<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>int<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>length;</b></font></span><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman""> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">/*</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">串长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">*/</span></b></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:21.0pt"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">int<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>stradr;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">/*</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">起始地址</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">*/</span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b> </b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 3"><span lang="EN-US"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">}
HString;</font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 黑体">1.
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">串常量赋值</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></b></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span lang="EN-US"><b><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF">void
StrAssign(HString *s1,char *s2)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 30.95pt; margin-left: 20.65pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">/*</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">将一个字符型数组</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">s2</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">中的字符串送入堆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">store</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">,free</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">是自由区的指针</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">*/<o:p>
</o:p>
</span></b></font></p>
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