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字号:
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<title>数 据 结 构</title>
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<p align="center"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><font face="宋体" size="6" color="#FFFF00">4.1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
</span>串及其基本运算</font></span></b></p>
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<h4><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体" color="#CC6633"><b><font color="#FFFF00"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5" face="宋体">4.1.1
</font></span><font size="5" face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">串的基本概念</span></font></font></b><!--mstheme--></font></h4>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font color="#FFFF00"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman"><font size="5" face="宋体">１．串的定义</font></span><font size="5" face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.65pt"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><font size="5" face="宋体" color="#FFFFFF">串是由零个或多个任意字符组成的字符序列。一般记作：</font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:88.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5" face="宋体">s=</font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5" face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">＂</span><span lang="EN-US">s<sub>1</sub>
s<sub>2 </sub>… s<sub>n</sub></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">＂</span></font></b></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><font size="5" face="宋体" color="#FFFFFF">其中</font></span><font size="5" face="宋体" color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">s
</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">是串名；在本书中，用双引号作为串的定界符，引号引起来的字符序列为串值，引号本身不属于串的内容；</span><span lang="EN-US">a<sub>i</sub>(1<=i<=n)</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">是一个任意字符，它称为串的元素，是构成串的基本单位，</span><span lang="EN-US">i</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">是它在整个串中的序号</span><span lang="EN-US">;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>n</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">为串的长度，表示串中所包含的字符个数，当</span><span lang="EN-US">n=0</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">时，称为空串，通常记为</span><span lang="EN-US">Ф</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">。</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font color="#FFFF00"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman"><font size="5" face="宋体">２．几个术语</font></span><font size="5" face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
</o:p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.65pt"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><font size="5" face="宋体" color="#FFFF00">子串与主串</font><font size="5" face="宋体" color="#FFFFFF">：串中任意连续的字符组成的子序列称为该串的子串。包含子串的串相应地称为主串。</font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.65pt"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><font size="5" face="宋体" color="#FFFF00">子串的位置</font><font size="5" face="宋体" color="#FFFFFF">：子串的第一个字符在主串中的序号称为子串的位置。</font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.65pt"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><font size="5" face="宋体" color="#FFFF00">串相等</font><font size="5" face="宋体" color="#FFFFFF">：称两个串是相等的，是指两个串的长度相等且对应字符都相等。</font></span></b></p>
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<h4><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体" color="#CC6633"><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#FFFF00"><b><font size="5" face="宋体">4.1.2
</font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFF00"><b><font size="5" face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">串的基本运算</span></font></b></font><!--mstheme--></font></h4>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US"><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5" face="宋体">
</font></b></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="5" face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">串的运算有很多，下面介绍部分基本运算：</span></font></b></font></p>
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