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Unix网络编程 基于Socket的网络编程

QUICK AND DIRTY
===============

    cd <some-directory-of-your-choosing>
    gunzip -c unpv12e.tar.gz | tar xvf -

    cd unpv12e
    ./configure    # try to figure out all implementation differences

    cd lib         # build the basic library that all programs need
    make           # use "gmake" everywhere on BSD/OS systems

    cd ../libfree  # continue building the basic library
    make

    cd ../libgai   # the getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() functions
    make

    cd ../libroute # only if your system supports 4.4BSD style routing sockets
    make           # only if your system supports 4.4BSD style routing sockets

    cd ../libxti   # only if your system supports XTI
    make           # only if your system supports XTI

    cd ../intro    # build and test a basic client program
    make daytimetcpcli
    ./daytimetcpcli 127.0.0.1

If all that works, you're all set to start compiling individual programs.

Notice that all the source code assumes tabs every 4 columns, not 8.

MORE DETAILS
============

0.  To extract the source directories from the unpv12e.tar.gz tar file,
    execute:

	cd <some-directory-of-your-choosing>
	gunzip -c unpv12e.tar.gz | tar xvf -

    This creates a directory named unpv12e/ containing about 40 other
    directories.  The names of these 40 other directories are what appears
    in the horizontal rules that start and end each source code listing
    in the book.  For example, the file unpv12e/intro/daytimetcpcli.c
    corresponds to the source code in Figure 1.5 (Page 6) of the book.

1.  There is a "unp.h" header that appears in every one of the 40 directories.
    If you need to make any changes to this "unp.h" header, notice that it
    is a hard link in each directory, so you only need to change it once.
    Hard links are also used with the other "unp*.h" headers.

2.  I used the GNU autoconf package to generate a shell script named
    "configure" that you must execute.  This script will try and figure
    out lots of characteristics of your system.

    This script builds two important files "Make.defines" and "config.h".
    Each "Makefile" in each of the 40 directories includes "Make.defines",
    and the first #include done by "unp.h" is of "config.h".

    These two files *must* be set correctly for your system, or you will
    not be able to build the source code.

3.  Go into the "lib/" directory and type "make".  This builds the library
    "libunp.a" that is required by almost all of the programs.  There may
    be compiler warnings (see NOTES below).

    Go into the "libfree/" directory and type "make".  This adds to the
    "libunp.a" library.  Similarly go into the  "libgai", "libroute" and
    "libxti" directories and "make".  The "libroute" directory should only
    be used if your system supports 4.4BSD-style routing sockets.  The
    "libxti" directory should only be used if your system supports XTI
    (not TLI).

4.  Once the library is made, you can then go into any of the source code
    directories and make whatever program you are interested in.  A good
    starting poing is the "intro" directory and "make daytimetcpcli".

NOTES
=====

- I have run most of the programs on the following Unix systems:

	alpha-dec-osf3.2
	alpha-dec-osf4.0
	hppa1.1-hp-hpux10.30
	i386-pc-bsdi3.0
	i386-univel-sysv4.2MP   (UnixWare 2.1.2)
	i586-pc-linux-gnu       (RedHat Linux 4.2)
	powerpc-ibm-aix4.2.0.0
	sparc-sun-solaris2.5.1
	sparc-sun-solaris2.6
	sparc-sun-sunos4.1.4

  These are the names used by the autoconf system to identify the
  hardware, vendor, and operating system.

  The code should port quite easily to other Unix systems, but I do
  *NOT* have time to help everyone port the code to different
  environments.  Please do *NOT* send me email with your "make" output
  asking me to tell you what to do.

- BEWARE: Not all programs in each directory will compile on all systems
  (e.g., the file unpv12erc/advio/recvfromflags.c will not compile unless
  your system supports the IP_RECVDSTADDR socket option).

  Also, not all files in each directory are included in the book.  Beware
  of any files with "test" in the filename: they are probably a quick test
  program that I wrote to check something, and may or may not work.

- You may find comments of the form "/* begin FOO */" followed later by
  a "/* end FOO */".  These delineate pieces of source code for the loom
  program that includes the source code in the book.  Ignore these.

  Similarly you will encounter comments that begin with "4" or "8".
  These are used to move the comment to the right by that number of
  spaces, getting around the GNU indent program.  Ignore these.

- I have included the "sock" program that was introduced with "TCP/IP
  Illustrated, Volume 1" and also used in this Volume of UNP.  It is in
  the "sock/" directory.  The code compiles and works, but has never been
  cleaned up.

- Many systems do not have correct function prototypes for the socket
  functions, and this can cause many warnings during compilation.
  For example, Solaris 2.5 omits the "const" from the 2nd argument
  to connect().  Lots of systems use "int" for the length of socket
  address structures, while Posix.1g specifies "socklen_t".  Lots of
  systems still have the pointer argument to [sg]etsockopt() as a
  "char *" instead of a "void *", and this also causes warnings.

- SunOS 4.1.x: If you are using Sun's acc compiler, you need to run
  the configure program as

        CC=acc CFLAGS=-w CPPFLAGS=-w ./configure

  Failure to do this results in numerous system headers (<sys/sockio.h>)
  not being found during configuration, causing compile errors later.

- If your system supports IPv6 and you want to run the examples in the
  book using hostnames, you must install the latest BIND release.  You
  can get it from ftp://ftp.vix.com/pub/bind/release.  All you need from
  this release is a resolver library that you should then add to the
  LDLIBS and LDLIBS_THREADS lines.

- IPv6 support is still in its infancy.  There may be differences
  between the IPv6 sockets API specifications and what the vendor
  provides.  This *WILL* require hand tweaking, but should get better
  over time.

- If your system supports an older draft of the Posix pthreads standard,
  but configure detects the support of pthreads, you will have to disable
  this by hand.  Digital Unix V3.2C has this problem, for example, as it
  supports draft 4, not the final draft.  AIX 4.2 supports draft 7, not
  the final standard.

  To fix this, remove wrappthread.o from LIB_OBJS in "Make.defines" and
  don't try to build and run any of the threads programs.

COMMON DIFFERENCES
==================

These are the common differences that I see in various headers that are
not "yet" at the level of Posix.1g or X/Open XNS Issue 5.

- getsockopt() and setsockopt(): 5th argument is not correct type.

- t_bind(): second argument is missing "const".

- t_connect(): second argument is missing "const".

- t_open(): first argument is missing "const".

- t_optmsmg(): second argument is missing "const".

- If your <xti.h> defines the members of the t_opthdr{} as longs,
  instead of t_uscalar_t, some of the printf formats of these value
  might generate warnings from your compiler, since you are printing
  a long without a corresponding long format specifier.