scripts.ps

物业管理和办公自动化系统

0 X
([7]) 72 712 T
0.38 (Don Libes, \322Using expect to Automate Systems Administration T) 99 712 P
0.38 (asks\323,) 417.38 712 P
1 F
0.38 (Pr) 449.74 712 P
0.38 (oceedings of the) 461.29 712 P
1.81 (Fourth USENIX Lar) 99 698 P
1.81 (ge Installation Systems Administration \050LISA\051 Confer) 200.12 698 P
1.81 (ence) 465.58 698 P
0 F
1.81 (, Colorado) 487.55 698 P
(Springs, Colorado, October 17-19, 1990.) 99 684 T
([8]) 72 658 T
1.05 (Norman Johnson, Samuel Kotz, \322) 99 658 P
1 F
1.05 (Continuous Univariate Distributions) 264.43 658 P
0 F
1.05 (\323, V) 443.12 658 P
1.05 (ol. 1, Houghton) 462.6 658 P
(Mif) 99 644 T
(\337in Co, New Y) 116.77 644 T
(ork, NY) 188.87 644 T
(, 1970.) 226.62 644 T
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 740.81 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 36 540 47.95 R
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(expect: Scripts for Controlling Interactive Processes) 295.54 39.95 T
0 12 Q
(19) 528.01 39.95 T
72 63 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
1.08 (Thanks to Scott Paisley who wrote the callback script.  John Ousterhout is responsible for T) 72 712 P
1.08 (cl,) 528.34 712 P
-0.02 (without which) 72 698 P
2 F
-0.02 (expect) 143.92 698 P
0 F
-0.02 ( would not have been written.  John also critiqued) 176.55 698 P
2 F
-0.02 (expect) 418.52 698 P
0 F
-0.02 ( as well as the \336rst) 451.16 698 P
(paper about it.  I am indebted to him.) 72 684 T
-0.22 (Several people made important observations or wrote early scripts while I was still developing the) 72 660 P
2.05 (command semantics.  Thanks to Rob Densock, Ken Manheimer) 72 646 P
2.05 (, Eric Newton, Scott Paisley) 394.35 646 P
2.05 (,) 537 646 P
0.86 (Steve Ray) 72 632 P
0.86 (, Sandy Ressler) 121.05 632 P
0.86 (, Harry Bochner) 196.57 632 P
0.86 (, Ira Fuchs, Craig W) 275.4 632 P
0.86 (arren, Barry W) 375.8 632 P
0.86 (arsaw) 448.81 632 P
0.86 (, Keith Eber-) 476 632 P
0.26 (hardt, Jerry Friesen, and Dan Bernstein.  Thanks to Mike Gourlay) 72 618 P
0.26 (, Clem Cole, Andy Holyer) 389.27 618 P
0.26 (, and) 516.42 618 P
-0.18 (Alan Crosswell for help in porting) 72 604 P
2 F
-0.18 (expect) 238.81 604 P
0 F
-0.18 ( to various UNIX platforms.  Thanks to Steve Simmons,) 271.45 604 P
-0.11 (Joe Gorman, and Corey Satten for \336xing some of the bugs.  Finally) 72 590 P
-0.11 (, thanks to K.C. Morris, Chuck) 392.32 590 P
0.84 (Dinkel, Sue Mulroney) 72 576 P
0.84 (, and the anonymous Computing Systems reviewers, who gave me exten-) 179.83 576 P
(sive suggestions on improving this paper) 72 562 T
(.) 267.57 562 T
0.77 (Certain trade names and company products are mentioned in order to adequately specify proce-) 72 538 P
-0.19 (dures and equipment used.  In no case does such identi\336cation imply recommendation or endorse-) 72 524 P
0.79 (ment by the National Institute of Standards and T) 72 510 P
0.79 (echnology) 314.69 510 P
0.79 (, nor does it imply that the products) 363.88 510 P
(are necessarily the best available for the purpose.) 72 496 T
3 16 Q
(16.  A) 108 455.33 T
(vailability) 145.47 455.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.26 (Since the design and implementation was paid for by the U.S. government,) 72 430 P
2 F
-0.26 (expect) 434.43 430 P
0 F
-0.26 ( is in the public) 467.06 430 P
0.23 (domain.  However) 72 416 P
0.23 (, the author and NIST would like credit if this program, documentation or por-) 160.91 416 P
1.24 (tions of them are used.) 72 402 P
2 F
1.24 (expect) 194.34 402 P
0 F
1.24 ( may be) 226.98 402 P
2 F
1.24 (ftp) 271.65 402 P
0 F
1.24 (ed anonymously as) 286.31 402 P
2 F
1.24 (pub/expect/expect.shar) 384.96 402 P
1.24 (.Z) 501.45 402 P
0 F
1.24 ( from) 512.45 402 P
2 F
0.29 (ft) 72 388 P
0.29 (p.cme.nist.gov) 79.99 388 P
0 F
0.29 (.  Request email delivery by mailing to) 152.16 388 P
4 F
0.69 ([e-mail]) 344.04 388 P
0 F
0.29 (.  The con-) 487.18 388 P
(tents of the message should be \050no subject line\051) 72 374 T
4 F
(send pub/expect/expect.shar.Z) 302.18 374 T
0 F
(.) 510.86 374 T
(As of August, 1991, over 2500 sites had retrieved) 72 350 T
2 F
(expect) 313.5 350 T
0 F
(.) 346.13 350 T
3 16 Q
(17.  References) 108 309.33 T
0 12 Q
([1]) 72 282 T
-0.12 (fsck,) 99 282 P
1 F
-0.12 (UNIX Pr) 124.86 282 P
-0.12 (ogrammer) 167.26 282 P
-0.12 (\325) 217.67 282 P
-0.12 (s Manual) 220.12 282 P
0 F
-0.12 (, Section 8, Sun Microsystems, Inc., Mountain V) 264.97 282 P
-0.12 (iew) 497.93 282 P
-0.12 (, CA,) 514.47 282 P
(September) 99 268 T
(, 1989.) 149.82 268 T
([2]) 72 242 T
1.04 (Don Libes, \322expect: Curing Those Uncontrollable Fits of Interaction\323,) 99 242 P
1 F
1.04 (Pr) 448.43 242 P
1.04 (oceedings of the) 459.98 242 P
(Summer 1990 USENIX Confer) 99 228 T
(ence) 245.46 228 T
0 F
(, Anaheim, California, June 1) 267.43 228 T
(1-15, 1990.) 408.56 228 T
([3]) 72 202 T
1.26 (John Ousterhout, \322T) 99 202 P
1.26 (cl: An Embeddable Command Language\323,) 198.28 202 P
1 F
1.26 (Pr) 411.75 202 P
1.26 (oceedings of the W) 423.3 202 P
1.26 (inter) 517.34 202 P
(1990 USENIX Confer) 99 188 T
(ence) 203.16 188 T
0 F
(, W) 225.13 188 T
(ashington, D.C., January 22-26, 1990.) 241.49 188 T
([4]) 72 162 T
2.26 (John Ousterhout, \322tcl\0503\051 \320 overview of tool command language facilities\323,) 99 162 P
1 F
2.26 (unpublished) 481.36 162 P
(manual page) 99 148 T
0 F
(, University of California at Berkeley) 161.29 148 T
(, January 1990.) 339.72 148 T
([5]) 72 122 T
0.26 (Don Libes, \322expect User Manual\323, to be published as) 99 122 P
1 F
0.26 (NIST IR 744-91) 360.14 122 P
0 F
0.26 (, National Institute of) 436.62 122 P
(Standards and T) 99 108 T
(echnology) 176.11 108 T
(, Gaithersbur) 225.29 108 T
(g, MD.) 287.69 108 T
([6]) 72 82 T
0.23 (Don Libes, \322Regression T) 99 82 P
0.23 (esting and Conformance T) 224.11 82 P
0.23 (esting Interactive Programs\323, to appear) 351.55 82 P
(in) 99 68 T
1 F
(IEEE T) 111.33 68 T
(ransactions on Softwar) 146.31 68 T
(e Engineering) 257.16 68 T
0 F
(, New Y) 324.78 68 T
(ork, NY) 363.87 68 T
(.) 401.63 68 T
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 36 504 47.95 R
7 X
0 K
V
0 12 Q
0 X
(18) 72 39.95 T
0 10 Q
(Don Libes) 108 39.95 T
72 740.81 504 756 R
7 X
V
72 63 540 720 R
V
3 16 Q
0 X
(14.  Conclusions) 108 709.33 T
2 12 Q
0.65 (expect) 72 684 P
0 F
0.65 ( provides a means of automating interactive programs.  There are a great many such pro-) 104.63 684 P
0.83 (grams in the UNIX domain that lack non-interactive alternatives.) 72 670 P
2 F
0.83 (expect) 398.37 670 P
0 F
0.83 ( leverages of) 431.01 670 P
0.83 (f of these) 493.72 670 P
(programs with only a small amount of programming ef) 72 656 T
(fort.) 335.61 656 T
2 F
-0.13 (expect) 72 632 P
0 F
-0.13 ( solves a variety of problems with programs that 1\051 don\325) 104.63 632 P
-0.13 (t run non-interactively \050) 372.96 632 P
2 F
-0.13 (rlogin) 486.83 632 P
0 F
-0.13 (,) 517.48 632 P
2 F
-0.13 (tel-) 523.35 632 P
0 (net) 72 618 P
0 F
0 (\051; 2\051 \322know\323 they\325re running interactively and change their behavior \050) 87.99 618 P
2 F
0 (csh) 423.06 618 P
0 F
0 (,) 439.72 618 P
2 F
0 (rn) 445.72 618 P
0 F
0 (\051; 3\051 bypass stdio) 457.71 618 P
2.11 (and open) 72 604 P
2 F
2.11 (/dev/tty) 122.84 604 P
0 F
2.11 ( \050) 161.49 604 P
2 F
2.11 (crypt) 170.59 604 P
0 F
2.11 (,) 197.9 604 P
2 F
2.11 (passwd) 206 604 P
0 F
2.11 (\051; 4\051 don\325) 243.32 604 P
2.11 (t provide their full functionality non-interactively) 292.62 604 P
0.32 (\050) 72 590 P
2 F
0.32 (fsck) 75.99 590 P
0 F
0.32 (,) 96.65 590 P
2 F
0.32 (ftp) 102.96 590 P
0 F
0.32 (\051; or 5\051 don\325) 117.62 590 P
0.32 (t provide the friendliest user interface \050) 176.65 590 P
2 F
0.32 (adb) 365.76 590 P
0 F
0.32 (,) 385.09 590 P
2 F
0.32 (r) 391.41 590 P
0.32 (ogue) 396.52 590 P
0 F
0.32 (\051.  All of the \322new\323 non-) 420.51 590 P
0.4 (interactive versions that result can now be usefully called from shell scripts because they can re-) 72 576 P
(turn meaningful error codes and no longer require user interaction.) 72 562 T
2 F
0.26 (expect) 72 538 P
0 F
0.26 ( provides help even when you want to run programs interactively) 104.63 538 P
0.26 (.  If they lack a program-) 418.88 538 P
0.16 (mable interface, you can partially automate the interaction and then share control.  Of course, the) 72 524 P
0.21 (ideal solution is to rewrite the application with a programmable front-end.  For new applications,) 72 510 P
0.21 (there is no excuse not to use T) 72 496 P
0.21 (cl.  It is small, ef) 218.22 496 P
0.21 (\336cient, easy to use, and probably suf) 299.35 496 P
0.21 (\336ces for 90%) 475.62 496 P
0.48 (of all tools.  Building T) 72 482 P
0.48 (cl into an application will always be better than an after) 186.19 482 P
0.48 (-the-fact solution) 457.24 482 P
0.54 (like) 72 468 P
2 F
0.54 (expect) 93.52 468 P
0 F
0.54 (.  But for tools which don\325) 126.16 468 P
0.54 (t warrant the T) 256.08 468 P
0.54 (cl library) 327.79 468 P
0.54 (, or are too old to be rewritten,) 371.18 468 P
2 F
0.54 (ex-) 524.68 468 P
(pect) 72 454 T
0 F
( is a fast solution.) 93.31 454 T
2 F
-0.13 (expect) 72 430 P
0 F
-0.13 ( is actually quite small.  On a Sun 3, the current version is 64k.  This includes the entire T) 104.63 430 P
-0.13 (cl) 531.34 430 P
1.02 (language.) 72 416 P
2 F
1.02 (expect) 126.32 416 P
0 F
1.02 ( has few built-in functions.  For example,) 158.96 416 P
2 F
1.02 (expect) 368.29 416 P
0 F
1.02 ( doesn\325) 400.92 416 P
1.02 (t have a communica-) 436.7 416 P
-0.21 (tions protocol, nor does it know about sophisticated \336le access methods.  It doesn\325) 72 402 P
-0.21 (t need to.  It can) 463.78 402 P
0.42 (invoke another program to do the work.  At the same time, this gives you the \337exibility of using) 72 388 P
0.4 (any software you already have.  Do you need to communicate with a serial line?  Use) 72 374 P
2 F
0.4 (tip) 491.22 374 P
0 F
0.4 (,) 505.21 374 P
2 F
0.4 (cu) 511.61 374 P
0 F
0.4 (, or) 523.61 374 P
2 F
(kermit) 72 360 T
0 F
(.  W) 106.64 360 T
(ith a TCP socket?  Use) 126.47 360 T
2 F
(telnet) 239.07 360 T
0 F
(.  Y) 267.71 360 T
(ou make the choice.) 284.16 360 T
-0.23 (This building block philosophy is very much in keeping with the UNIX tradition of hooking small) 72 336 P
0.82 (programs together to build lar) 72 322 P
0.82 (ger ones.  In this respect,) 218.29 322 P
2 F
0.82 (expect) 345.76 322 P
0 F
0.82 ( functions as a new kind of glue,) 378.39 322 P
0.14 (much like the shell itself.  Unfortunately) 72 308 P
0.14 (, shell job control was designed only with interactive use) 266.26 308 P
0.74 (in mind and cannot automatically control interactive processes.) 72 294 P
2 F
0.74 (expect) 387.8 294 P
0 F
0.74 (\325) 420.44 294 P
0.74 (s job control is general-) 423.77 294 P
-0.17 (ized and has no such restriction.  The two forms of job control do not interfere and can be used to-) 72 280 P
(gether) 72 266 T
(.) 101.31 266 T
-0.3 (While) 72 242 P
2 F
-0.3 (expect) 104.01 242 P
0 F
-0.3 ( only runs on UNIX, it can be useful in managing non-UNIX sites as long as they are) 136.65 242 P
1.39 (networked to a UNIX host.  V) 72 228 P
1.39 (ia) 224.52 228 P
2 F
1.39 (telnet) 237.57 228 P
0 F
1.39 ( or) 266.21 228 P
2 F
1.39 (tip) 284.98 228 P
0 F
1.39 (, a script can login and play its usual interactive) 298.97 228 P
-0.13 (games.  My site has scripts that do exactly this on VMS and Symbolics Lisp machines.  Our VMS) 72 214 P
(wizards would rather avoid UNIX entirely) 72 200 T
(, but they know a timesaver when they see it.) 274.73 200 T
3 16 Q
(15.  Acknowledgments) 108 159.33 T
0 12 Q
1.24 (This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and T) 72 134 P
1.24 (echnology \050NIST\051 Auto-) 418.94 134 P
1 (mated Manufacturing Research Facility \050AMRF\051.  The AMRF is funded by both NIST and the) 72 120 P
(Navy Manufacturing T) 72 106 T
(echnology Program.) 181.74 106 T
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 740.81 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 36 540 47.95 R
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(expect: Scripts for Controlling Interactive Processes) 295.54 39.95 T
0 12 Q
(17) 528.01 39.95 T
72 63 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
0.99 (The solution is to have the) 72 712 P
2 F
0.99 (expect) 207.84 712 P
0 F
0.99 ( script generate the passwords directly) 240.47 712 P
0.99 (.  This closes the hole,) 428.14 712 P
-0.29 (while at the same time forcing the use of computer) 72 698 P
-0.29 (-generated passwords which are generally more) 312.65 698 P
(dif) 72 684 T
(\336cult to guess than human-generated passwords.) 85.11 684 T
1.13 (This technique does not extend to programs such as) 72 660 P
2 F
1.13 (telnet) 332.95 660 P
0 F
1.13 (,) 361.59 660 P
2 F
1.13 (ftp) 368.71 660 P
0 F
1.13 (,) 383.37 660 P
2 F
1.13 (su) 390.49 660 P
0 F
1.13 (, etc., where a human really) 401.83 660 P
0.07 (does need to provide the password.  The solution is to have the) 72 646 P
2 F
0.07 (expect) 377.42 646 P
0 F
0.07 ( script prompt for the pass-) 410.05 646 P
0.63 (word interactively via) 72 632 P
5 11 Q
0.64 (expect_user) 182.13 632 P
0 12 Q
0.63 (.  In contrast to the program \050or shell script\051 prompting when) 241.31 632 P
0.37 (the password is needed,) 72 618 P
2 F
0.37 (expect) 190.4 618 P
0 F
0.37 ( can prompt at the beginning of a script for all the passwords that) 223.04 618 P
-0.17 (will be needed.  Even if the same password is used in several programs, the user need only enter it) 72 604 P
(once since the script will remember it until it is needed.) 72 590 T
0.5 (Often, it is convenient to run such scripts in the background.  Starting processes asynchronously) 72 566 P
-0.21 (from the shell, however) 72 552 P
-0.21 (, prevents them from reading keyboard input.  Thus) 184.8 552 P
2 F
-0.21 (expect) 433.04 552 P
0 F
-0.21 ( scripts must be) 465.68 552 P
0.1 (started synchronously) 72 538 P
0.1 (.  The) 176.26 538 P
5 11 Q
0.11 (fork) 207.21 538 P
0 12 Q
0.1 ( and) 225.53 538 P
5 11 Q
0.11 (disconnect) 249.05 538 P
0 12 Q
0.1 ( commands are used later to move expect into the) 301.57 538 P
(background.) 72 524 T
0.18 (For example, the following script reads the password, disconnects itself from the terminal, sleeps) 72 500 P
(for one hour) 72 486 T
(, and then goes on to execute commands that require a password.) 130.8 486 T
4 F
(system stty -echo) 115.2 466 T
(;# disable echoing) 342 466 T
(send_user "Password: ") 115.2 452.5 T
(expect_user "*\134n") 115.2 439 T
(send_user "\134n") 115.2 425.5 T
(;# echo newline) 342 425.5 T
(system stty echo) 115.2 412 T
(scan $expect_match "%s" pass) 115.2 398.5 T
(;# strip off terminating \134n) 342 398.5 T
(if [fork]!=0 exit) 115.2 385 T
(disconnect) 115.2 371.5 T
(exec sleep 3600) 115.2 358 T
(spawn su) 115.2 344.5 T
(expect "*Password:*") 115.2 331 T
(send "$pass\134r") 115.2 317.5 T
(# more commands follow) 115.2 304 T