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<P>
Not all actors
are people, though. For example, the software is the actor that 
determines when an item has closed, finds the highest bidder, and 
notifies the buyer and seller of the sale. 

<P>
The 
<A HREF="http://www.rational.com/uml/resources/documentation/notation/notation5a.jtmpl">Unified Modeling Language (UML)</A> is the tool of choice
for creating use case diagrams. The Use Case
diagram below uses UML to describe the buyer and seller use cases for
the online auction application.

<P>
In UML, systems are grouped into squares, actors are represented by 
stick figures, use cases are denoted by ovals, and the lines show 
how actors use the system.
 
<P>
<IMG SRC="./Art/usecase.gif">
<P>

The following descriptions further define the project.  
These descriptions are not part of UML, but are
a helpful tool in project definition.

<A NAME="bs"></A>
<H4>House Identifies Buyers and Sellers</H4>

An auction application is used by buyers and sellers.
A buyer needs to know who the seller is to pay him or her, and
the seller needs to know who the buyers are to answer product questions
and to finalize the sale. 
So, to post or bid on an auction item, buyers and sellers are required to 
register. Registration needs to get the following information from buyers
and sellers: 

<UL>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">User ID and password for buying and selling.</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Email address so highest bidder and seller can 
      communicate when item closes. </FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Credit card information so auction can charge sellers
for listing their items.</FONT>
</UL>

Once registered, a user can post or bid on an item for sale.

<A NAME="hb"></A>
<H4>House Determines Highest Bidder</H4>

Nightly, the auction application queries the database to
record and report the day's transactions. The application
find items that have closed and determines the
highest bidder.

<A NAME="not"></A>
<H4>House Notifies Buyers and Sellers</H4>

The auction application uses email to notify the highest bidder
and seller of the sale, and debit the seller's account.

<A NAME="search"></A>
<H4>Anyone Searches for an Item</H4>

Sellers and buyers enter a search string to locate all auction
items in the database.

<A NAME="view"></A>
<H4>Anyone Views Items for Sale</H4>

To popularize the auction and encourage new buyers and sellers, 
the application allows anyone to view auction items without
requiring user ID and password identification. To keep things simple, 
the auction lets anyone view summarized lists of items in the 
following three ways: 

<UL>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">All items up for auction</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">New items listed today</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Items due to close today</FONT>
</UL>

<A NAME="detail"></A>
<H4>Anyone Views Item Details</H4>

The summarized lists link to the following detailed information
on each item.  Detail information on auction items is available
to anyone without identification.

<UL>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Item Summary</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Auction Item number</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Current price</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Number of bids</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Date posted for auction</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Date item closes</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Seller ID</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Highest bid</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Item description</FONT>
</UL>

<A NAME="post"></A>
<H4>Seller Posts Items for Sale</H4>

To post an item for sale, a seller needs to identify himself or
herself and describe the item for sale, as follows:

<UL>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">User ID and password for seller identification</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Summary description of item</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Starting Price for bidding</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Detailed description of item</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Number of days item is available for bidding</FONT>
</UL>

<A NAME="bid"></A>
<H4>Buyer Bids on Items</H4>

The detailed summary page for each item
lets registered users identify themselves 
and bid on the item by providing the following information:

<UL>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">User ID</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Password</FONT>
  <LI><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Bid amount</FONT>
</UL>

<A NAME="diagram"></A>
<H4>Activity Diagram</H4>

The activity diagram shows the flow
of tasks within the auction house as a whole.
This diagram shows the auction application. The solid
black circle on the left shows the beginning of activities, and
the white circles with black dots in the center denote
where activities end.

<P>
<IMG SRC="./Art/state.gif">


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