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<div class=3DSection1 style=3D'layout-grid:18.0pt'>
<h2><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-han=
si-font-family:
Arial'>工廠方法樣式</span><span lang=3D=
EN-US>(Factory
Method)</span></h2>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id=
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pan></p>
<h3><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-han=
si-font-family:
Arial'>目的</span><span lang=3DEN-US>(Intent)</span></h3>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>工廠方法定義構=
建物件的介面；但是=
5731;子類別決定哪一個༼=
6;別構建實體物件</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(instantiate)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-as=
cii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，工=
廠方法將構建實體物=
0214;委託</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(defer)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-fo=
nt-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>給子=
類別。<span
style=3D'color:navy'>《譯註：因為ࢷ=
2;父類別並不知道要構&=
#24314;的物件實體是哪一=
491;子類別：因此將構建=
;物件的責任委託或者&#=
24310;遲到子類別才決定z=
90;》</span></span></p>
<h3><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-han=
si-font-family:
Arial'>動機</span><span lang=3DEN-US>(Motivation)</span></h3>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>框架</span><span lang=3DEN-US>(Framework)</s=
pan><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用抽象類別取=
定義及維護物件彼此=
0043;間的關係。框架同ਹ=
8;負有為這些物件構建&=
#23526;體的責任。</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>假設有一個應用=
系統</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(application)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-as=
cii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的框=
架可以顯示各種文件</s=
pan><span
lang=3DEN-US>(document)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii=
-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>給使=
用端；這個框架可以=
5277;取出兩個主要類別ᦂ=
6;一個是應用程式類別<=
/span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(application)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-as=
cii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>；一=
個是文件別</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(document)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii=
-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。這=
兩個類別都是抽象的</s=
pan><span
lang=3DEN-US>(abstract)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii=
-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>；使=
用端</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(clients)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-=
font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>必須=
繼承自這兩個類別以=
0637;解其如何去實作應ஷ=
2;系統的關連</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(application-specific)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingL=
iU;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Ro=
man"'>文件<span
style=3D'color:navy'>《譯註：也就਷=
9;與應用程式相對可以&=
#34389;理的資料型態》</span>z=
90;例如我們建立的是一=
個繪圖系統；我們定=
2681;一個繪圖應用系統</span=
><span
lang=3DEN-US>(<span class=3DSpellE>DrawingApplication</span>)</span><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>及一個圖形文件=
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(<span class=3DSpellE>DrawingDocument</span>)</span><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span><span lang=3DEN-US>,</span><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>這個繪圖應用系=
統負責管理文件即在=
8656;要時負責構建物件Ӎ=
0;</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>因為個別文件子=
類別的實體構建是屬=
6044;應用系統關連</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(application-specific)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingL=
iU;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Ro=
man"'>；因系統無法事先IJ=
93;道哪一個文件的子類=
別要被構建實體；他=
1482;知道何時一個新的ਧ=
1;件物件要被構建；但&=
#19981;知道所要構建的是=
738;一類文件物件。此時=
;有個問題就是這個框&#=
26550;必須為一個類別構ó=
14;物件實體；但他只知=
道他的抽象類別；而=
5277;象類別是無法構建୰=
9;件實體的。</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoBodyTextIndent><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-=
font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>工廠=
方法樣式提供一個解=
7770;方式。他封裝哪一ࠁ=
1;文件物件必須構建的&=
#30693;識並且將這這個知#=
672;移出框架。</span></p>
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