msgerr.exp

NASA 开发使用的一个专家系统

TRUE
CLIPS> (batch "msgerr.bat")
TRUE
CLIPS> (defclass THINGO 
   (is-a USER)
   (slot x (create-accessor read-write))
   (multislot y (create-accessor read-write)))
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler THINGO blah-1 ()
   (bind ?self 3))
[MSGPSR5] Active instance parameter cannot be changed.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::THINGO blah-1
   ()
   (bind ?self 3)
   )
CLIPS> (defclass A (is-a USER) (role concrete))
CLIPS> (make-instance a of A)
[a]
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler A print-args (?a ?b $?c)
	(printout t (instance-name ?self) " " ?a " " ?b 
		" and " (length ?c) " extras: " ?c crlf))
CLIPS> (send [a] print-args 1 2)
[a] 1 2 and 0 extras: ()
CLIPS> (send [a] print-args a b c d)
[a] a b and 2 extras: (c d)
CLIPS> (clear) 
CLIPS> (defclass A (is-a USER)
  (role concrete)
  (slot foo (create-accessor read-write) (default 1))
  (slot bar (create-accessor read-write) (default 2)))
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler A print-all-slots ()
  (printout t ?self:foo " " ?self:bar crlf))
CLIPS> (make-instance a of A)
[a]
CLIPS> (send [a] print-all-slots)
1 2
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (defclass A (is-a USER)
  (role concrete)
  (slot bar (create-accessor read-write) (default "abc")))
CLIPS> (make-instance a of A)
[a]
CLIPS> (send [a] get-bar)
"abc"
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (defclass A (is-a USER) (slot x (create-accessor read-write)))
CLIPS> (defclass B (is-a A) (slot y (create-accessor read-write)))
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler B get-y ())
[MSGPSR3] System message-handlers may not be modified.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::B get-y
   (
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler B put-y ())
[MSGPSR3] System message-handlers may not be modified.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::B put-y
   (
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler A get-x ())
[MSGPSR3] System message-handlers may not be modified.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::A get-x
   (
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler A put-x ())
[MSGPSR3] System message-handlers may not be modified.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::A put-x
   (
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler A get-y ())
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler A put-y ())
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler B get-x ())
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler B put-x ())
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER get-x ())
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER put-x ())
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER get-y ())
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER put-y ())
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (defclass A (is-a USER) (role concrete))
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler A init before ()
	(printout t "Initializing a new instance of class A..." crlf))
CLIPS> (make-instance a of A)
Initializing a new instance of class A...
[a]
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (undefmessage-handler USER init primary)
[MSGPSR3] System message-handlers may not be modified.
CLIPS> (undefmessage-handler USER delete primary)
[MSGPSR3] System message-handlers may not be modified.
CLIPS> (undefmessage-handler USER print primary)
[MSGPSR3] System message-handlers may not be modified.
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER init ())
[MSGPSR3] System message-handlers may not be modified.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::USER init
   (
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER delete ())
[MSGPSR3] System message-handlers may not be modified.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::USER delete
   (
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER print ())
[MSGPSR3] System message-handlers may not be modified.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::USER print
   (
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (defclass A (is-a USER))
CLIPS> (defclass B (is-a USER) (slot x (create-accessor read-write)))
CLIPS> (describe-class A)
================================================================================
********************************************************************************
Abstract: direct instances of this class cannot be created.

Direct Superclasses: USER
Inheritance Precedence: A USER OBJECT
Direct Subclasses:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recognized message-handlers:
init primary in class USER
delete primary in class USER
print primary in class USER
direct-modify primary in class USER
message-modify primary in class USER
direct-duplicate primary in class USER
message-duplicate primary in class USER
********************************************************************************
================================================================================
CLIPS> (describe-class B)
================================================================================
********************************************************************************
Abstract: direct instances of this class cannot be created.

Direct Superclasses: USER
Inheritance Precedence: B USER OBJECT
Direct Subclasses:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SLOTS : FLD DEF PRP ACC STO MCH SRC VIS CRT OVRD-MSG SOURCE(S)
x     : SGL STC INH RW  LCL RCT EXC PRV RW  put-x    B

Constraint information for slots:

SLOTS : SYM STR INN INA EXA FTA INT FLT
x     :  +   +   +   +   +   +   +   +  RNG:[-oo..+oo] 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recognized message-handlers:
init primary in class USER
delete primary in class USER
print primary in class USER
direct-modify primary in class USER
message-modify primary in class USER
direct-duplicate primary in class USER
message-duplicate primary in class USER
get-x primary in class B
put-x primary in class B
********************************************************************************
================================================================================
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (defclass A (is-a USER) (role concrete) (slot x (create-accessor read-write) (default 3)))
CLIPS> (make-instance a of A)
[a]
CLIPS> (watch all)
CLIPS> (send [a] init)
MSG >> init ED:1 (<Instance-a>)
HND >> init primary in class USER
       ED:1 (<Instance-a>)
[INSMNGR15] init-slots not valid in this context.
[PRCCODE4] Execution halted during the actions of message-handler init primary in class USER
HND << init primary in class USER
       ED:1 (<Instance-a>)
MSG << init ED:1 (<Instance-a>)
FALSE
CLIPS> (unwatch all)
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (defclass A (is-a USER)
 (role concrete)
 (slot x  (create-accessor read-write) (default 1)))
CLIPS> (definstances A-OBJECTS 
 (a1 of A)
 ((gensym) of A (x 65)))
CLIPS> (watch instances)
CLIPS> (reset)
==> instance [initial-object] of INITIAL-OBJECT
==> instance [a1] of A
==> instance [gen1] of A
CLIPS> (reset)
<== instance [initial-object] of INITIAL-OBJECT
<== instance [a1] of A
<== instance [gen1] of A
==> instance [initial-object] of INITIAL-OBJECT
==> instance [a1] of A
==> instance [gen2] of A
CLIPS> (unwatch all)
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (defclass A (is-a USER)
 (role concrete)
 (slot x (create-accessor read-write) (default 34))
 (slot y (create-accessor read-write) (default 100))
 (slot z (create-accessor read-write) (default ?NONE)))
CLIPS> (make-instance a of A (z 98))
[a]
CLIPS> (send [a] print)
[a] of A
(x 34)
(y 100)
(z 98)
CLIPS> (send [a] put-x 65)
65
CLIPS> (send [a] put-y abc)
abc
CLIPS> (send [a] put-z "Hello world.")
"Hello world."
CLIPS> (send [a] print)
[a] of A
(x 65)
(y abc)
(z "Hello world.")
CLIPS> (initialize-instance a)
[INSMNGR14] Override required for slot z in instance a.
[PRCCODE4] Execution halted during the actions of message-handler init primary in class USER
[INSMNGR8] An error occurred during the initialization of instance a.
FALSE
CLIPS> (send [a] print)
[a] of A
(x 34)
(y 100)
(z "Hello world.")
CLIPS> (defclass BOGUS (is-a OBJECT) (role concrete))
CLIPS> (make-instance bogus of BOGUS)
[MSGFUN1] No applicable primary message-handlers found for init.
[INSMNGR8] An error occurred during the initialization of instance bogus.
FALSE
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler)

[CSTRCPSR2] Missing name for defmessage-handler construct

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler )
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler BOGUS)
[MSGPSR1] A class must be defined before its message-handlers.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::BOGUS)
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER 5)

[PRNTUTIL2] Syntax Error:  Check appropriate syntax for defmessage-handler.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::USER
   5
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER blah bad-comment)
[MSGFUN7] Unrecognized message-handler type in defmessage-handler.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::USER blah bad-comment 
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER a1 "comment")

[PRNTUTIL2] Syntax Error:  Check appropriate syntax for parameter list.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::USER a1 "comment" 
   )
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER a2 primary "comment" ())
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER a2 around "comment" ())
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER a2 before "comment" ())
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER a2 after "comment" ())
CLIPS> (list-defmessage-handlers)
init primary in class USER
delete primary in class USER
print primary in class USER
direct-modify primary in class USER
message-modify primary in class USER
direct-duplicate primary in class USER
message-duplicate primary in class USER
a2 primary in class USER
a2 around in class USER
a2 before in class USER
a2 after in class USER
For a total of 11 message-handlers.
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER blah ($?any ?a))
[PRCCODE8] No parameters allowed after wildcard parameter.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::USER blah
   ($?any ?a
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER blah (?self ?a))
[PRCCODE7] Duplicate parameter names not allowed.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::USER blah
   (?self
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER blah (?self:bogus ?a))
[MSGPSR4] Illegal slot reference in parameter list.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::USER blah
   (?self:bogus
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER blah (?a)
  (bind ?self 1))
[MSGPSR5] Active instance parameter cannot be changed.

ERROR:
(defmessage-handler MAIN::USER blah
   (?a)
   (bind ?self 1)
   )
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler USER blah (?a)
  (dynamic-put ?a))
CLIPS> (defclass test (is-a USER) (role concrete))
CLIPS> (defmessage-handler test test-arg-cnt (?a ?b)
   (printout t "Should not see this message!" crlf))
CLIPS> (make-instance t of test)
[t]
CLIPS> (send [t] test-arg-cnt)
[MSGFUN2] Message-handler test-arg-cnt primary in class test expected exactly 2 argument(s).
FALSE
CLIPS> (send [t] test-arg-cnt 1 2 3)
[MSGFUN2] Message-handler test-arg-cnt primary in class test expected exactly 2 argument(s).
FALSE
CLIPS> (dribble-off)