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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"><!-- **************************************************************************** * Copyright (c) 1998,2000,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. * * * * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a * * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the * * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including * * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, * * distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell * * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is * * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: * * * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included * * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS * * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF * * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. * * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, * * DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR * * OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR * * THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. * * * * Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright * * holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the * * sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written * * authorization. * **************************************************************************** * @Id: curs_refresh.3x,v 1.10 2001/11/03 18:57:12 tom Exp @--><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>curs_refresh 3x</TITLE><link rev=made href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"></HEAD><BODY><H1>curs_refresh 3x</H1><HR><PRE><!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 --><STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG></PRE><H2>NAME</H2><PRE> <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG>, <STRONG>redrawwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>refresh</STRONG>, <STRONG>wnoutrefresh</STRONG>, <STRONG>wredrawln</STRONG>, <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> - refresh <STRONG>curses</STRONG> windows and lines</PRE><H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE> <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>refresh(void);</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wrefresh(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win);</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wnoutrefresh(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win);</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>doupdate(void);</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>redrawwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win);</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wredrawln(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>beg_line,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>num_lines);</STRONG></PRE><H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE> The <STRONG>refresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> routines (or <STRONG>wnoutrefresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG>) must be called to get actual output to the ter- minal, as other routines merely manipulate data struc- tures. The routine <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> copies the named window to the physical terminal screen, taking into account what is already there to do optimizations. The <STRONG>refresh</STRONG> routine is the same, using <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG> as the default window. Unless <STRONG>leaveok</STRONG> has been enabled, the physical cursor of the ter- minal is left at the location of the cursor for that win- dow. The <STRONG>wnoutrefresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG> routines allow multiple updates with more efficiency than <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> alone. In addition to all the window structures, <STRONG>curses</STRONG> keeps two data structures representing the terminal screen: a physi- cal screen, describing what is actually on the screen, and a virtual screen, describing what the programmer wants to have on the screen. The routine <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> works by first calling <STRONG>wnoutrefresh</STRONG>, which copies the named window to the virtual screen, and then calling <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG>, which compares the virtual screen to the physical screen and does the actual update. If the programmer wishes to output several windows at once, a series of calls to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> results in alternating calls to <STRONG>wnoutrefresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG>, causing several bursts of output to the screen. By first calling <STRONG>wnoutrefresh</STRONG> for each window, it is then possible to call <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG> once, resulting in only one burst of output, with fewer total characters transmitted and less CPU time used. If the <EM>win</EM> argument to <STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG> is the global variable <STRONG>curscr</STRONG>, the screen is immediately cleared and repainted from scratch. The phrase "copies the named window to the virtual screen" above is ambiguous. What actually happens is that all <EM>touched</EM> (changed) lines in the window are copied to the virtual screen. This affects programs that use overlap- ping windows; it means that if two windows overlap, you can refresh them in either order and the overlap region will be modified only when it is explicitly changed. (But see the section on <STRONG>PORTABILITY</STRONG> below for a warning about exploiting this behavior.) The <STRONG>wredrawln</STRONG> routine indicates to <STRONG>curses</STRONG> that some screen lines are corrupted and should be thrown away before any- thing is written over them. It touches the indicated lines (marking them changed). The routine <STRONG>redrawwin</STRONG>() touches the entire window.</PRE><H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE> Routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure, and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion.</PRE><H2>NOTES</H2><PRE> Note that <STRONG>refresh</STRONG> and <STRONG>redrawwin</STRONG> may be macros.</PRE><H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE> The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these func- tions. Whether <STRONG>wnoutrefresh()</STRONG> copies to the virtual screen the entire contents of a window or just its changed portions has never been well-documented in historic curses versions (including SVr4). It might be unwise to rely on either behavior in programs that might have to be linked with other curses implementations. Instead, you can do an explicit <STRONG>touchwin()</STRONG> before the <STRONG>wnoutrefresh()</STRONG> call to guarantee an entire-contents copy anywhere.</PRE><H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE> <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG></PRE><HR><ADDRESS>Man(1) output converted with<a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a></ADDRESS></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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