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<font color="#800080">VC知识库(五)</font>
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<font color="#800080">www.vckbase.com</font>
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<B>大型WAV文件的播放</B>
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在多媒体软件的设计中经常要处理声音文件,用Windows提供的API函数sndPlaySound可以实现小型WAV文件的播放。但是当WAV文件大于可用内存时,sndPlaySound函数就不能进行播放,那么如何利用MCI播放大型音频文件呢?本文将介绍一种方法。
<BR><BR> Windows支持两种RIFF(resource interchange file
format,“资源交互文件格式”)音频文件:MIDI的RMID文件和波形音频文件格式WAV文件,本文将介绍如何用MCI命令播放大型WAV文件。
<BR><BR> 用sndPlaySound播放音频文件只需要一行代码。比如实现异步播放的方法为sndPlaySound("c:\windows\ding.wav",SND_ASYNC);
<BR><BR> 由此可以看到,sndPlaySound的使用是很简单的。但是用sndPlaySound播放音频文件有一个限制,即整个音频文件必须全部调入可用的物理内存。因此应用sndPlaySound播放的音频文件相对较小,最大约100K。要播放大一些的音频文件(在多媒体设计中是经常要遇到的情况)需要使用MCI的功能。
<BR><BR> 本文创建了一个Cwave类,可以处理播放音频的MCI命令,因为该类能够执行很多的MCI命令和建立了数据结构,所以只需要简单的成员函数(如OpenDevice,
CloseDevice,
Play和Stop)。在CWave类中抽象了特定的MCI命令和数据结构,只含几个简单的成员函数OpenDevice,
CloseDevice,
Play和Stop。波形音频设备是一个复合设备,如果打开波形设备,然后打开并关闭每个波形元素,最后关闭波形设备,这样可以使得播放性能更好。调用Cwave::OpenDevice就可以打开波形设备,OpenDevice将MCI_OPEN命令传递给mciSendCommand函数,如果调用成功,就用数据结构MCI_OPEN_PARMS的wDeviceID成员返回波形设备的标识符,该标识符保存在一个供以后使用的私有数据成员中。
<BR><BR> 一旦打开了Cwace对象,通过Cwace::Play播放WAV文件就就绪了,WAV文件名和一个窗口指针被传递给Play方法以便将MCI通知消息发送到制定的窗口。
<BR><BR> WAV文件的播放分为两步。首先要通过分配一个MCI_OPEN_PARMS结构并给所要播放的WAV文件设置lpstrElementName成员打开WAV文件。将该结构和MCI_OPEN传递给mciSendCommand,打开WAV文件并用MCI_OPEN_PARMS结构的wDeviceID成员返回元素标识符。
<BR><BR> 第二步是命令波形音频设备播放WAV文件。分配了MCI_PLAY_PARMS结构并将dwCallback成员设置为窗口句柄。如果要同步播放音频波形文件,就增加MCI_WAIT标志并跳过窗口句柄。这样做会使应用程序在mciSendCommand函数返回之前等待WAV文件播放完毕。最可能的情况是异步播放大型WAV文件,可以象下面那样指定MCI_NOTIFY标志并设置dwCallback成员做到这一点。
<BR>MCI_PLAY_PARMS mciPlayParms;
<BR>MciPlayParms.dwCallback=(DWORD)pWnd->m_hWnd;
<BR>DwResult=mciSendCommand(m_nDevice,MCI_PLAY,MCI_NOTIFY,(DWORD)(LPVOID)&mciPlayParms);
<BR><BR> 这样就开始了WAV文件的播放,并且在播放完毕后,MM_MCINOTIFY消息会发送到指定的窗口,图1(图略)了一个WAV文件播放所发生的事件序列:(1)命令播放WAV文件并立即返回;(2)播放WAV文件;(3)完成后发送通知消息。
<BR><BR>完成播放后关闭WAV文件元素是程序员的责任,简单的调用Cwave类的Stop成员函数就可以了。Stop成员函数将WAV文件标识符和MCI_CLOSE命令传递给mciSendCommand函数,不必为该命令分配一个MCI结构,下述代码关闭了WAV文件
<BR> mciSendCommand(m)nElement,MCI_CLOSE,NULL,NULL);
<BR><BR>播放完所有的WAV文件后必须关闭波形音频设备,Cwave类的析构函数调用Cwave::CloseDevice自动完成。
<BR><BR>将本文中介绍的CWave类加入到自己的程序中,就可以方便的应用它播放音频文件了。
<BR><BR> //建立Cwave类,放在Wave.h文件中 <BR> class CWave:public CObject
<BR> { <BR>//Construction <BR>public: <BR>CWave(); <BR>virtual
~CWave(); <BR><BR>//Operations <BR> public: <BR>DWORD OpenDevice();
<BR>DWORD CloseDevice(); <BR>DWORD Play(CWnd *pParentWnd,LPCSTR
pFileName); <BR>DWORD Stop(); <BR><BR>//Implementation
<BR>protected: <BR>void DisplayErrorMsg(DWORD dwError);
<BR><BR>//Members <BR>protected: <BR>MCIDEVICEID m_nDeviceID;
<BR>MCIDEVICEID m_nElementID; <BR> };
<BR><BR> //Cwave类的实现代码,Cwave.cpp <BR><BR> #include
<STDAFX.H><BR> #include "cwave.h" <BR><BR> CWave::CWave() <BR> {
<BR> m_nDeviceID=0; <BR> m_nElementID=0; <BR> }
<BR><BR> CWave::~CWave() <BR> { <BR> if(m_nElementID) <BR>
Stop(); <BR> if(m_nDeviceID) <BR> CloseDevice(); <BR> }
<BR><BR> DWORD CWave::OpenDevice() <BR> { <BR> DWORD dwResult=0;
<BR> if (m_nDeviceID) <BR><BR>MCI_OPEN_PARMS mciOpenParms; <BR>
mciOpenParms.lpstrDeviceType=(LPSTR)MCI_DEVTYPE_WAVEFORM_AUDIO;
<BR>//open the wave device
<BR> dwResult=mciSendCommand(NULL,MCI_OPEN,
<BR>MCI_OPEN_TYPE|MCI_OPEN_TYPE_ID|MCI_WAIT,
<BR>(DWORD)(LPVOID)&mciOpenParms); <BR>//save device
identifier,will use eith other MCI commands
<BR>m_nDeviceID=mciOpenParms.wDeviceID; <BR>//display error message
if failed <BR>if(dwResult) <BR>DisplayErrorMsg(dwResult); <BR>}
<BR>//return result of MCI operation <BR>return dwResult; <BR> }
<BR><BR> DWORD CWave::CloseDevice() <BR> { <BR> DWORD
dwResult=0; <BR><BR>//close if currently open <BR>if(m_nDeviceID)
<BR>{ <BR><BR>//close the MCI device
<BR>dwResult=mciSendCommand(m_nDeviceID,MCI_CLOSE,NULL,NULL);
<BR><BR>//display error message if failed <BR>if(dwResult)
<BR>DisplayErrorMsg(dwResult); <BR><BR>//set identifier to close
state <BR>else <BR>m_nDeviceID=0; <BR>} <BR><BR>//return result of
MCI operation <BR>return dwResult; <BR> } <BR><BR> DWORD
CWave::Play(CWnd* pWnd,LPCSTR pFileName) <BR> { <BR>MCI_OPEN_PARMS
mciOpenParms; <BR>//initialize structure
<BR>memset(&mciOpenParms,0,sizeof(MCI_OPEN_PARMS));
<BR><BR>//set the WAV file name to be played
<BR>mciOpenParms.lpstrElementName=pFileName; <BR><BR>//first open
the device <BR>DWORD dwResult=mciSendCommand(m_nDeviceID,MCI_OPEN,
<BR>MCI_OPEN_ELEMENT,(DWORD)(LPVOID)&mciOpenParms);
<BR><BR>//display error message if failed <BR>if(dwResult)
<BR>DisplayErrorMsg(dwResult); <BR><BR>//if successful,instruct the
device to play the WAV file <BR>else <BR>{ <BR><BR>//save element
indentifier <BR>m_nElementID=mciOpenParms.wDeviceID;
<BR><BR>MCI_PLAY_PARMS mciPlayParms; <BR><BR>//set the window that
will receive notification message
<BR>mciPlayParms.dwCallback=(DWORD)pWnd->m_hWnd;
<BR><BR>//instruct device to play file
<BR>dwResult=mciSendCommand(m_nElementID,MCI_PLAY,
<BR>MCI_NOTIFY,(DWORD)(LPVOID)&mciPlayParms); <BR><BR>//display
error and close element if failed <BR>if(dwResult) <BR>{
<BR>DisplayErrorMsg(dwResult); <BR>Stop(); <BR>} <BR>}
<BR><BR>//return result of MCI operation <BR>return dwResult;
<BR> } <BR><BR> DWORD CWave::Stop() <BR> { <BR><BR> DWORD
dwResult=0; <BR><BR> //close if element is currently open <BR>
if(m_nElementID) <BR> { <BR>
dwResult=mciSendCommand(m_nElementID,MCI_CLOSE,NULL,NULL);
<BR><BR> //display error message if failed <BR> if(dwResult)
<BR> DisplayErrorMsg(dwResult); <BR><BR> //set identifier to
closed state <BR> else <BR> m_nElementID=0; <BR> } <BR>
return dwResult; <BR> } <BR><BR> void CWave::DisplayErrorMsg(DWORD
dwError) <BR> { <BR> //check if there was an error <BR>
if(dwError) <BR> { <BR> //character string that contains error
message <BR> char szErrorMsg[MAXERRORLENGTH]; <BR><BR>
//retrieve string associated error message <BR>
if(!mciGetErrorString(dwError,szErrorMsg,sizeof(szErrorMsg))) <BR>
strcpy(szErrorMsg,"Unknown Error"); <BR> //display error string in
message box <BR> AfxMessageBox(szErrorMsg); <BR> } <BR> }
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