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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"><!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 96.1-h (September 30, 1996) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds --><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Making backups with tar</TITLE><META NAME="description" CONTENT="Making backups with tar"><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="sag"><META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document"><META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global"><LINK REL=STYLESHEET HREF="sag.css"></HEAD><BODY LANG="EN" > <A NAME="tex2html1496" HREF="node96.html"><IMG WIDTH=37 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="./next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1494" HREF="node94.html"><IMG WIDTH=26 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="./up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1488" HREF="node94.html"><IMG WIDTH=63 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="./previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1498" HREF="node1.html"><IMG WIDTH=65 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="contents" SRC="./contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1499" HREF="node108.html"><IMG WIDTH=43 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="./index_motif.gif"></A> <BR><B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1497" HREF="node96.html">Restoring files with tar</A><B>Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1495" HREF="node94.html">Simple backups</A><B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1489" HREF="node94.html">Simple backups</A><BR> <P><A NAME="2699"> </A><H2><A NAME="SECTION001041000000000000000">用<tt>tar</tt>备份</A></H2><P>一个全备份可以很容易地用<tt>tar</tt><A NAME="2701"> </A>实现： <BLOCKQUOTE> <TT># tar -create -file /dev/ftape /usr/src <BR> tar: Removing leading / from absolute path names in the archive <BR> # </TT></BLOCKQUOTE>上面的例子使用GNU版本的<tt>tar</tt><A NAME="2703"> </A>及其长选项名。传统版本的<tt>tar</tt><A NAME="2705"> </A>只理解单字符选项。GNU版还能处理一盘磁带或一张磁盘不能容纳的备份，及很长的路径名；这不是所有传统的版本能作到的。(Linux只使用GNU <tt>tar</tt><A NAME="2707"> </A>。)<P>如果你的备份一盘磁带不能容纳，你需要使用<tt>-multi-volume</tt> (<tt>-M</tt>)选项： <BLOCKQUOTE> <TT># tar -cMf /dev/fd0H1440 /usr/src <BR> tar: Removing leading / from absolute path names in the archive <BR> Prepare volume #2 for /dev/fd0H1440 and hit return: <BR> # </TT></BLOCKQUOTE>注意开始备份前要格式化所有软盘，或在<tt>tar</tt><A NAME="2709"> </A>需要新软盘时用另一个虚拟控制台或虚拟终端格式化它。<P>备份完后，应该检查它是否完好，用<tt>-compare</tt> (<tt>-d</tt>)选项： <BLOCKQUOTE> <TT># tar -compare -verbose -f /dev/ftape <BR> usr/src/ <BR> usr/src/linux <BR> usr/src/linux-1.2.10-includes/ <BR> .... <BR> # </TT></BLOCKQUOTE>失败的备份检查意味着如果你丢失了原始数据，备份也无法恢复。<P>增量备份可用带<tt>-newer</tt> (<tt>-N</tt>)选项的<tt>tar</tt><A NAME="2711"> </A>来实现： <BLOCKQUOTE> <TT># tar -create -newer '8 Sep 1995' -file /dev/ftape /usr/src -verbose <BR> tar: Removing leading / from absolute path names in the archive <BR> usr/src/ <BR> usr/src/linux-1.2.10-includes/ <BR> usr/src/linux-1.2.10-includes/include/ <BR> usr/src/linux-1.2.10-includes/include/linux/ <BR> usr/src/linux-1.2.10-includes/include/linux/modules/ <BR> usr/src/linux-1.2.10-includes/include/asm-generic/ <BR> usr/src/linux-1.2.10-includes/include/asm-i386/ <BR> usr/src/linux-1.2.10-includes/include/asm-mips/ <BR> usr/src/linux-1.2.10-includes/include/asm-alpha/ <BR> usr/src/linux-1.2.10-includes/include/asm-m68k/ <BR> usr/src/linux-1.2.10-includes/include/asm-sparc/ <BR> usr/src/patch-1.2.11.gz <BR> # </TT></BLOCKQUOTE>不幸的是，<tt>tar</tt><A NAME="2713"> </A>不能知道一个文件的i节点信息变化，例如，文件的权限位变化，或文件名变化。这可用<tt>find</tt><A NAME="2715"> </A>命令和比较当前文件系统状态和先前备份的文件列表。用于此的Scripts和程序可以在Linux FTP站点上找到。<P><HR><A NAME="tex2html1496" HREF="node96.html"><IMG WIDTH=37 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="./next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1494" HREF="node94.html"><IMG WIDTH=26 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="./up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1488" HREF="node94.html"><IMG WIDTH=63 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="./previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1498" HREF="node1.html"><IMG WIDTH=65 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="contents" SRC="./contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1499" HREF="node108.html"><IMG WIDTH=43 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="./index_motif.gif"></A> <BR><B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1497" HREF="node96.html">Restoring files with tar</A><B>Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1495" HREF="node94.html">Simple backups</A><B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1489" HREF="node94.html">Simple backups</A><P><ADDRESS><I>Lars Wirzenius <BR>Sun Jun 29 13:31:22 EEST 1997</I></ADDRESS></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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