wxsys-25.txt

一套美国国家宇航局人工智能中心NASA的专家系统工具源代码

  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.10 ?press))
  (test (<= 30.20 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend falling-slowly)
  (or (ff-current-wind-speed calm)
      (ff-current-wind-speed light-breeze))
  (ff-season summer)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))
          (future-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast11
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        E to NE
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.10 and above
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling rapidly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        (winter) rain or snow, with increasing winds
;        (summer) rain probably within 12 to 24 hours.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction east)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northeast))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.10 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend rapidly falling)
  (ff-season winter)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast12
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        E to NE
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.10 and above
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling rapidly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        (winter) rain or snow, with increasing winds,
;        (summer) rain probably within 12 to 24 hours.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction east)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northeast))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.10 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend rapidly falling)
  (ff-season summer)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))
          (future-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast13
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        SE to NE
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.00 or below
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling slowly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        rain will continue 1 to 2 days.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction southeast)
      (ff-current-wind-direction east)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northeast))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (<= 30.00 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend falling-slowly)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast no-change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))
          (future-general-trend (forecast no-change-in-weather))
          (future-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast14
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        SE to NE
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.00 or below
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling rapidly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        rain with high winds, followed in 36 hours by clearing, cooler.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction southeast)
      (ff-current-wind-direction east)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northeast))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (<= 30.00 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend rapidly falling)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))
          (future-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast15
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        S to SW
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.00 or below
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        rising slowly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        clearing within a few hours, fair for several days.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction south)
      (ff-current-wind-direction southwest))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (<= 30.00 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend rising-slowly)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast wet-period-ending))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))
          (future-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast16
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        S to E
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        29.80 or elow
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling rapidly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        severe storm soon, followed within 24 hours by clearing,
;        and, in winter, colder.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction south)
      (ff-current-wind-direction southeast)
      (ff-current-wind-direction east))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (<= 29.80 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend rapidly falling)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast stormy-period))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))
          (future-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))
          (future-detailed (forecast stormy-period-ending))
          (future-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast17
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        E to N
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        29.80 or below
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling rapidly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        severe NE gale and heavy precipitation,
;        (winter) heavy snow, followed by cold wave.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction east)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northeast)
      (ff-current-wind-direction north))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (<= 29.80 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend rapidly falling)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast stormy-period))))

(defrule forecast18
"From [KOT83], pp. 262."
;page 262
;     "Fair weather will generally continue when: 
;      clouds tend to decrease in number."

  (ff-cloud-cover-trend decreasing)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast no-change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast19
"From [KOT83], pp. 262."
;     "Fair weather will generally continue when: 
;      the wind blows gently from west to northwest."

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction west)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northwest))
  (or (ff-current-wind-speed light-breeze)
      (ff-current-wind-speed gentle-breeze))
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast no-change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast20
"From [KOT83], pp. 262."
;     "Fair weather will generally continue when: 
;      the barometer is steady or rising slowly."

  (or (ff-barometric-pressure-trend steady)
      (ff-barometric-pressure-trend rising-slowly))
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast no-change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast21
"From [KOT83], pp. 263."
;     "Weather will generally change for the worse when:
;      cirrus clouds change to cirrostratus and lower and thicken."

  (ff-earlier-primary-cloud-base very high)     ;cirrus clouds earlier
  (ff-current-primary-cloud-base high)          ;cirrostratus clodus now
  (ff-primary-cloud-base-trend decreasing)
  (ff-cloud-cover-trend increasing)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))))

(defrule forecast22
"From [KOT83], pp. 263."
;     "Weather will generally change for the worse when:
;      clouds are moving from betwen NNE through east to south, 
;      and the wind speed increases with time.

   (or (ff-current-primary-clouds-moving-from north)
       (ff-current-primary-clouds-moving-from northeast)
       (ff-current-primary-clouds-moving-from east)
       (ff-current-primary-clouds-moving-from southeast)
       (ff-current-primary-clouds-moving-from south))
   (ff-wind-speed-trend increasing)
   =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))))

(defrule forecast23
"From [KOT83], pp. 263."
;     "Weather will generally change for the worse when:
;      the wind blows strongly in the early morning."

  (or (and (ff-earlier-time-of-day morning)
           (ff-earlier-wind-speed strong-breeze))
      (and (ff-current-time-of-day morning)
           (ff-current-wind-speed strong-breeze)))
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))))

(defrule forecast24
"From [KOT83], pp. 263."
;     "Weather will generally change for the worse when:
;      the barometer falls steadily."

  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend falling)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))))

(defrule forecast25
"From [KOT83], pp. 265."
;     "Weather will generally clear when:
;      cloud bases increase in height."

  (ff-primary-cloud-base-trend increasing)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast26
"From [KOT83], pp. 265."
;     "Weather will generally clear when:
;      a cloudly sky shows signs of clearing."

  (ff-earlier-cloud-cover cloudy)
  (ff-cloud-cover-trend decreasing)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast27
"From [KOT83], pp. 265."
;     "Weather will generally clear when:
;      the wind shifts to a westerly direction.  The greatest
;      change occurs when the wind shifts from east through south
;      to west."

  (or (ff-earlier-wind-direction east)
      (ff-earlier-wind-direction southeast)
      (ff-earlier-wind-direction south))
  (ff-current-wind-direction west)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast28
"From [KOT83], pp. 265."
;     "Weather will generally clear when:
;      the barometer rises rapidly."

  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend rapidly rising)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast29
"From [KOT83], pp. 265."
;     "Rain or snow will generally occur when:
;      when the wind--especially a north wind--backs.

  (ff-wind-direction-trend backing)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast30
"From [KOT83], pp. 265."
;     "Rain or snow will generally occur when:
;      the barometer falls steadily."

  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend falling)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast31
"From [WEL68], pp. 12."
;     "Cumulus, not growing until afternoon:
;      fair weather, winds holding, sky clear by night."

  (ff-current-time-of-day afternoon)
  (ff-current-primary-cloud-orientation vertical)   ;cumulus clouds
  (ff-cloud-cover-trend increasing)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast32
"From [WEL68], pp. 13."
;     "Stratocumulus join together, grow darker and duller,
;      generally overcast the sky."
 
  (ff-current-primary-cloud-base low)         ;stratocumulus clouds
  (ff-current-cloud-cover overcast)
  (ff-cloud-cover-trend increasing)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast33
"From [WEL68], pp. 18."
;     "Generally, if the barometer falls steadily and
;      the wind comes from an easterly quarter, expect foul weather."

  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend falling)
  (or (ff-current-wind-direction northeast)
      (ff-current-wind-direction east)
      (ff-current-wind-direction southeast))
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast34
"From [WEL68], pp. 18."
;     "Generally, if the barometer falls steadily and
;      the wind comes from the S or SE, expect a storm..."

  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend falling)
  (or (ff-current-wind-direction south)
      (ff-current-wind-direction southeast))
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast stormy-period))))

(defrule forecast35
"From [WEL68], pp. 18."
;     "Generally, if the barometer falls steadily and
;      the wind comes from the E or NE, expect a storm..."

  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend falling)
  (or (ff-current-wind-direction east)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northeast))
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast stormy-period))))

(defrule forecast36
"From [FOR67], pp. 389."
;     Table 2:  Forecasting From Clouds.  A:  High Clouds.
;     "If cirrus, cirrostratus, or cirrocumulus clouds... with
;      surface winds generally from a westerly quadrant...
;      then there will be fair weather with little change."

  (or (ff-current-primary-cloud-base high)     ;cirrus clouds
      (ff-current-cloud-base very high)        ;cirrostratus, cirrocumulus clouds
      (ff-current-cloud-base very very high))
  (or (ff-current-wind-direction southwest)
      (ff-current-wind-direction west)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northwest))
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast no-change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule f