wxsys-25.txt

一套美国国家宇航局人工智能中心NASA的专家系统工具源代码

  (steady (pi 0.5 0))
  (falling (z -3.5 0))
  (rising (s 0 3.5))
  (falling-slowly (pi 1.0 -1.0))
  (rising-slowly (pi 1.0 1.0))
  ))
  
;**********
;Rule to determine the (fuzzy) trend in barometric pressure.
;**********

(defrule determine-barometric-pressure-trend
  (current-barometric-pressure ?current)
  (earlier-barometric-pressure ?earlier)
  =>
  (bind ?difference (- ?current ?earlier))
  (fuzzify-trend ff-barometric-pressure-trend ?difference 0.02))

;**********
;Template to hold the (fuzzy) trend in cloud cover.
;**********

(deftemplate ff-cloud-cover-trend
  -100 100 percent  ;range of possible change in cloud cover
  (
  (decreasing (z -10 -5))
  (increasing (s 5 10))
  (steady (pi 6 0))
  ))

;**********
;Rule to determine the (fuzzy) trend in cloud cover.  Note that
;we "defuzzify" the two cloud-cover trend facts to get a crisp
;value, then use that crisp value with fuzzify-trend to generate
;a fuzzy value describing the trend (e.g. "cloud-cover decreasing").
;**********

(defrule determine-cloud-cover-trend
  ?f1 <- (ff-current-cloud-cover ?)
  ?f2 <- (ff-earlier-cloud-cover ?)
  =>
  (bind ?current (moment-defuzzify ?f1))
  (bind ?earlier (moment-defuzzify ?f2))
  (bind ?difference (- ?current ?earlier))
  (fuzzify-trend ff-cloud-cover-trend ?difference 5.0))

;**********
;Template to hold the (fuzzy) trend in primary cloud base level.
;**********

(deftemplate ff-primary-cloud-base-trend
  -70 70 Kfeet  ;range of possible change in cloud base height
  (
  (decreasing (z -7 0))
  (increasing (s 0 7))
  (steady (pi 8 0))
  ))

;**********
;Rule to determine the (fuzzy) trend in primary cloud base height.
;**********

(defrule determine-primary-cloud-base-trend
  ?f1 <- (ff-current-primary-cloud-base ?)
  ?f2 <- (ff-earlier-primary-cloud-base ?)
  =>
  (bind ?current (moment-defuzzify ?f1))
  (bind ?earlier (moment-defuzzify ?f2))
  (bind ?difference (- ?current ?earlier))
  (fuzzify-trend ff-primary-cloud-base-trend ?difference 3.0))

;**********
;Template to hold the (fuzzy) trend in wind speed.
;**********

(deftemplate ff-wind-speed-trend
  -150 150 mph  ;range of possible change in wind speed
  (
  (decreasing (z -15 0))
  (increasing (s 0 15))
  (steady (pi 8 0))
  ))

;**********
;Rule to determine the (fuzzy) trend in wind speed.
;**********

(defrule determine-wind-speed-trend
  ?f1 <- (ff-current-wind-speed ?)
  ?f2 <- (ff-earlier-wind-speed ?)
  =>
  (bind ?current (moment-defuzzify ?f1))
  (bind ?earlier (moment-defuzzify ?f2))
  (bind ?difference (- ?current ?earlier))
  (fuzzify-trend ff-wind-speed-trend ?difference 5))

;**********
;Template to hold the (fuzzy) trend in wind direction.
;**********

(deftemplate ff-wind-direction-trend
  -259 259 degrees  ;range of possible change in wind direction
  (
  (backing (z -55 0))
  (veering (s 0 55))
  (steady (pi 45 0))
  ))

;**********
;Rule to determine the (fuzzy) trend in wind direction.
;**********

(defrule determine-wind-direction-trend
  ?f1 <- (ff-current-wind-direction ?)
  ?f2 <- (ff-earlier-wind-direction ?)
  =>
  (bind ?current (moment-defuzzify ?f1))
  (bind ?earlier (moment-defuzzify ?f2))
  (bind ?difference (- ?current ?earlier))
  (fuzzify-trend ff-wind-direction-trend ?difference 5.0))

;************************************************************
;                 MODULE:  FORECAST                         *
;************************************************************

;**********
;Templates to hold the forecasts.
;**********

(defmodule FORECAST (import MAIN ?ALL)
                    (import FUZZIFY ?ALL)
                    (import DETERMINE-CHANGES ?ALL)
                    (export ?ALL))

;**********
;Template to hold the general trend forecast for the next 12 hours.
;**********

(deftemplate immediate-general-trend
  (slot forecast (allowed-values no-change-in-weather
                                 change-in-weather)))

;**********
;Template to hold the detailed forecast for the next 12 hours.
;**********

(deftemplate immediate-detailed
  (slot forecast (allowed-values dry-period
                                 dry-period-ending
                                 wet
                                 wet-period-ending
                                 stormy-period
                                 stormy-period-ending)))

;**********
;Template to hold the general trend forecast for the next 12-24 hours.
;**********

(deftemplate future-general-trend
  (slot forecast (allowed-values no-change-in-weather
                                 change-in-weather)))

;**********
;Template to hold the detailed forecast for the next 12-24 hours.
;**********

(deftemplate future-detailed
  (slot forecast (allowed-values dry-period
                                 dry-period-ending
                                 wet
                                 wet-period-ending
                                 stormy-period
                                 stormy-period-ending)))

;**********
;Forecasting rules.
;**********

(defrule forecast1
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        SW to NW
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.10 to 30.20
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        steady
;     then the weather will be.....
;        fair with little temperature change for 1 to 2 days.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction southwest)
      (ff-current-wind-direction west)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northwest))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.10 ?press))
  (test (<= 30.20 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend steady)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))
          (future-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast2
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        SW to NW
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.10 to 30.20
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        rising rapidly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        fair followed within 2 days by rain.

; Note that here we make use of the "rapidly" fuzzy modifier
; (hedge) that we defined in "HEDGES.BAT."

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction southwest)
      (ff-current-wind-direction west)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northwest))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.10 ?press))
  (test (<= 30.20 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend rapidly rising)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))
          (future-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))
          (future-detailed (forecast dry-period-ending))))

(defrule forecast3
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        SW to NW
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.20 and above
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        steady
;     then the weather will be.....
;        continued fair, no marked temperature change.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction southwest)
      (ff-current-wind-direction west)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northwest))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.20 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend steady)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-general-trend (forecast no-change-in-weather))
          (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))
          (future-general-trend (forecast no-change-in-weather))
          (future-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast4
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        SW to NW
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.20 and above
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling slowly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        fair with slightly rising temperature for 2 days.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction southwest)
      (ff-current-wind-direction west)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northwest))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.20 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend falling-slowly)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast dry-period))
          (future-detailed (forecast dry-period))))

(defrule forecast5
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        S to SE
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.10 to 30.20
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling slowly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        rain within 24 hours.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction south)
      (ff-current-wind-direction southeast))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.10 ?press))
  (test (<= 30.20 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend falling-slowly)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))
          (future-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast6
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        S to SE
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.10 to 30.20
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling rapidly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        wind increasing, rain within 12 to 24 hours.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction south)
      (ff-current-wind-direction southeast))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.10 ?press))
  (test (<= 30.20 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend rapidly falling)
  =>
  (assert (future-general-trend (forecast change-in-weather))
          (future-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast7
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        SE to NE
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.10 to 30.20
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling slowly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        rain in 12 to 18 hours.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction southeast)
      (ff-current-wind-direction east)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northeast))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.10 ?press))
  (test (<= 30.20 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend falling-slowly)
  =>
  (assert (future-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast8
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        SE to NE
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.10 to 30.20
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling rapidly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        increasing wind, rain within 12 hours.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction southeast)
      (ff-current-wind-direction east)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northeast))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.10 ?press))
  (test (<= 30.20 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend rapidly falling)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))
          (future-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast9
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        E to NE
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.10 to 30.20
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling slowly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        (winter) rain within 24 hours,
;        (summer) with light winds, rain may not occur for several days.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction east)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northeast))
  (current-barometric-pressure ?press)
  (test (>= 30.10 ?press))
  (test (<= 30.20 ?press))
  (ff-barometric-pressure-trend falling-slowly)
  (ff-season winter)
  =>
  (assert (immediate-detailed (forecast wet))
          (future-detailed (forecast wet))))

(defrule forecast10
"From [USA96]."
;     If the current wind is blowing from...
;        E to NE
;     and the current barometric pressure has the range...
;        30.10 to 30.20
;     and the current barometric pressure is...
;        falling slowly
;     then the weather will be.....
;        (winter) rain within 24 hours,
;        (summer) with light winds, rain may not occur for several days.

  (or (ff-current-wind-direction east)
      (ff-current-wind-direction northeast))