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<p><FONT class=normalfont><B><font color=blue>Linux程式设计之一</font></B></FONT><BR><FONT class=smallfont color=#ff9900>2004-04-23 15:18 pm</FONT><BR><FONT class=normalfont>作者：作者<br>来自：Linux知识宝库<br>联系方式：无名<br><br>Linux程式设计 - 1.fork <br>
http://www.openchess.org/noitatsko/programming/ (2001-05-24 14:08:00) <br>
在UNIX程式设计中，学会fork()的运用，算是相当基本的功夫。  <br>
fork()及signal经常运用在daemon守护神这一类常驻程式，另外像a4c.tty/yact/chdrv这些中文终端机程式也有用到，一般如Mozilla/Apache/Squid等大程式几乎都一定会用到。  <br>
<br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <br>
<br>
程序分歧fork() <br>
fork()会产生一个与父程序相同的子程序，唯一不同之处在於其process id(pid)。  <br>
如果我们要撰写守护神程式，或是例如网路伺服器，需要多个行程来同时提供多个连线，可以利用fork()来产生多个相同的行程。  <br>
<br>
函数宣告 <br>
pid_t fork(void);  <br>
pid_t vfork(void);  <br>
返回值: <br>
-1 : 失败。  <br>
  0 : 子程序。  <br>
&gt;0 : 将子程序的process id传回给父程序。  <br>
在Linux下fork()及vfork()是相同的东西。  <br>
<br>
 <br>
 <br>
Linux程式设计- 2.fork, pthread, and signals <br>
http://www.openchess.org/noitatsko/programming/ (2001-05-24 15:00:00) <br>
<br>
虽然在UNIX下的程式写作，对thread的功能需求并非很大，但thread在现代的作业系统中，几乎都已经存在了。pthread是Linux上的thread函数库，如果您要在Linux下撰写多线程式，例如MP3播放程式，熟悉pthread的用法是必要的。  <br>
有关thread写作，有两本很好的书：  <br>
Programming with POSIX Threads  <br>
Multithreading Programming Techniques  <br>
另外有一份初学者的参考文件Getting Started With POSIX Threads  <br>
<br>
pthread及signal都可以用一大章来讨论。在这里，我只谈及最简单及常用的技巧，当您熟悉这些基本技巧的运用後，再找一些专门深入探讨pthread及signal程式写作的书籍来研究。这些进阶的写法，用到的机会较少，将层次分明，学习速度应该会比较快。  <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <br>
<br>
thread <br>
我假设您对thread已经有一些基本的概念，因此，在此我将着重於如何实作。  <br>
函数宣告 <br>
int  pthread_create(pthread_t  *  thread, pthread_attr_t * attr, void * (*start_routine)(void *), void * arg);  <br>
int pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return);  <br>
int pthread_detach(pthread_t th);  <br>
void pthread_exit(void *retval);  <br>
int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr);  <br>
资料结构 <br>
typedef struct  <br>
{  <br>
  int detachstate;  <br>
  int schedpolicy;  <br>
  struct sched_param schedparam;  <br>
  int inheritsched;  <br>
  int scope;  <br>
} pthread_attr_t;  <br>
例一: <br>
#include   <br>
#include   <br>
#include   <br>
#include   <br>
void * mythread(void *arg)  <br>
{  <br>
<br>
  for (;;) {  <br>
    printf("thread");  <br>
    sleep(1);  <br>
  }  <br>
  return NULL;  <br>
}  <br>
<br>
void main(void)  <br>
{  <br>
  pthread_t th;  <br>
<br>
  if (pthread_create(&th,NULL,mythread,NULL)!=0) exit(0);  <br>
<br>
  for (;;) {  <br>
    printf("main process");  <br>
    sleep(3);  <br>
  }  <br>
}  <br>
<br>
执行结果: <br>
./ex1  <br>
main process  <br>
thread  <br>
thread  <br>
thread  <br>
main process  <br>
thread  <br>
thread  <br>
thread  <br>
main process  <br>
thread  <br>
thread  <br>
thread  <br>
main process  <br>
 <br>
 <br>
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