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<p><FONT class=normalfont><B><font color=blue>如何在linux中设置透明代理</font></B></FONT><BR><FONT class=smallfont color=#ff9900>2004-04-23 15:18 pm</FONT><BR><FONT class=normalfont>作者：作者<br>来自：Linux知识宝库<br>联系方式：无名<br><br>1.什么是透明代理？<br>
如果你问：我如何才能使得用户的浏览器不需要任何代理设置就能使用我的Squid cache代理服务器上网？，此时你就需要使用透明代理。透明代理让你的客户端不需设置任何代理，当包经过透时代理服务器时实际上被重定向到squid代理服务器的代理端口（如8080），即由本地代理服务器向外请求所需数据然后拷贝给客户端。<br>
<br>
2.我需要什么样的环境才能实现透明代理？<br>
a.客户端的windows PC的网关必须设成Squid代理服务器，因为既然你的browser中没有任何代理设置,你要访问某个站点时，包必须经经过squid代理服务器才能被重定向，故这是最基本的条件。<br>
b.客户端必须正确设置DNS服务器。因为既然现在不用设置任何代理。则DNS必须由browser来解析，也就是要由客户端的PC中TCP/IP中设置的DNS服务器来正确解析出某个站点的IP地址来<br>
c.服务器端可以安装squid代理服务器，1.x or 2.x版本均可。<br>
<br>
3.配置Squid代理，启动透明代理功能<br>
Squid-2<br>
加下面的行到你的/etc/squid/squid.conf中<br>
http_port 8080<br>
httpd_accel_host virtual<br>
httpd_accel_port 80<br>
httpd_accel_with_proxy on<br>
httpd_accel_uses_host_header on<br>
<br>
Squid-1.1<br>
加下面的行到/etc/squid.conf<br>
<br>
http_port 8080<br>
httpd_accel virtual 80<br>
httpd_accel_with_proxy on<br>
httpd_accel_uses_host_header on<br>
<br>
4. 重启动squid. 用下面的命令：<br>
#/usr/sbin/squid -k reconfigure<br>
如提示内核不支持透明代理。则你需要重新编译内核，enable 透明代理的支持。<br>
<br>
下面是你需要启动的内核项目：<br>
[*] Network firewalls<br>
[ ] Socket Filtering<br>
[*] Unix domain sockets<br>
[*] TCP/IP networking<br>
[ ] IP: multicasting<br>
[ ] IP: advanced router<br>
[ ] IP: kernel level autoconfiguration<br>
[*] IP: firewalling<br>
[ ] IP: firewall packet netlink device<br>
[*] IP: always defragment (required for masquerading)<br>
<br>
[*] IP: transparent proxy support<br>
<br>
<br>
5. 下面的命令针对linux 2.2.x内核：<br>
# Accept all on lookback<br>
/sbin/ipchains -A input -j ACCEPT -i lo<br>
#Accept my own IP, to prevent loops (repeat for each interface/alias)<br>
/sbin/ipchains -A input -j ACCEPT -p tcp -d 192.168.11.1/32 80<br>
#Send all traffic destined to port 80 to Squid on port 80<br>
/sbin/ipchains -A input -j REDIRECT 8080 -p tcp -s 192.168.11.0/24 -d 0/0 80<br>
<br>
下面的命令针对linux 2.0.x内核：<br>
<br>
# Accept all on loopback<br>
ipfwadm -I -a accept -W lo<br>
# Accept my own IP, to prevent loops (repeat for each interface/alias)<br>
ipfwadm -I -a accept -P tcp -D 192.168.11.1/32 80<br>
# Send all traffic destined to port 80 to Squid on port 3128<br>
ipfwadm -I -a accept -P tcp -S 192.168.11.0/24 -D 0/0 80 -r 8080<br>
<br>
6.应注意的问题：<br>
<br>
a. 这种透明代理只能针对http协议，不能针对FTP协议<br>
b. PC的默认网关应设成squid 代理服务器<br>
c. 防火墙重定向规则在其它的input规则的前面，注意顺序。<br>
如：<br>
/etc/rc.d/rc.firewall:<br>
<br>
<br>
#!/bin/sh<br>
# rc.firewall linux kernel firewalling rules<br>
FW=/sbin/ipfwadm<br>
<br>
# Flush rules, for testing purposes<br>
for i in I O F # A # If we enabled accounting too<br>
do<br>
${FW} -$i -f<br>
done<br>
<br>
# Default policies:<br>
${FW} -I -p rej # Incoming policy: reject (quick error)<br>
${FW} -O -p acc # Output policy: accept<br>
${FW} -F -p den # Forwarding policy: deny<br>
<br>
# Input Rules:<br>
<br>
# Loopback-interface (local access, eg, to local nameserver):<br>
${FW} -I -a acc -S localhost/32 -D localhost/32<br>
<br>
# Local Ethernet-interface:<br>
<br>
# Redirect to Squid proxy server:<br>
${FW} -I -a acc -P tcp -D default/0 80 -r 8080<br>
<br>
<br>
# Accept packets from local network:<br>
${FW} -I -a acc -P all -S localnet/8 -D default/0 -W eth0<br>
<br>
# Only required for other types of traffic (FTP, Telnet):<br>
<br>
# Forward localnet with masquerading (udp and tcp, no icmp!):<br>
${FW} -F -a m -P tcp -S localnet/8 -D default/0<br>
${FW} -F -a m -P udp -S localnet/8 -D default/0<br>
<br>
Here all traffic from the local LAN with any destination gets redirected to the<br>
local port 8080. Rules can be viewed like this:<br>
<br>
IP firewall input rules, default policy: reject<br>
type prot source destination ports<br>
acc all 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 n/a<br>
acc/r tcp 10.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/0 * -> 80 => 8080<br>
acc all 10.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/0 n/a<br>
acc tcp 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 * -> *<br>
<br>
<br>
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