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<p><FONT class=normalfont><B><font color=blue>架设DHCP Server</font></B></FONT><BR><FONT class=smallfont color=#ff9900>2004-04-23 15:18 pm</FONT><BR><FONT class=normalfont>作者：OLS3 (卧龙小三)<br>来自：Linux知识宝库<br>联系方式：无名<br><br># 本讲义仅供教育单位参考. <br>
# 本讲义主要供台南县各中小学校网管人员参考备查. <br>
# 作者保有一切形式的着作权. <br>
# 欲作其它用途者, 需经作者授权同意. <br>
# 未经作者授权同意之前, 请勿转载刊登. <br>
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架设 DHCP Server  <br>
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前言: <br>
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DHCP 是 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 的简称, 主要用来简化网管在: 工作站/主机网路组态设定方面的 "烦覆" 问题, 俗称: "动态分配 IP". <br>
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相对於动态分配的机制, 而使用人工手动的方式, 一台一台去设定, 则称为静态设置. <br>
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静态设置是相当没有效率的.  <br>
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试想: 如果一个网段中, 有几百部工作站, 用人工手动方式静态设置, 不累死才怪, 况且, 将来, 若欲更动网路组态, 也极不方便! <br>
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因此之故, 通常在网管工作中, DHCP Server 是一项十分重要的架设服务.  <br>
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以往, 学校的 DHCP Server 大多架在 NT/W2K 上, 但效能及稳定性不是很好, <br>
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因此, 以下介绍 DHCP Server 在 RedHat Linux 上的架设.  <br>
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本文不讲太多理论, 以容易架起为原则. <br>
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所需套件:  <br>
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dhcp-2.0-5.i386.rpm (RedHat 6.2) <br>
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dhcp-2.0-12.i186.rpm (RedHat 7.0) <br>
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dhcp-2.0-12.i386.rpm (CLE 1.0) <br>
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dhcp-2.0p15-4.i386.rpm(RedHat 7.1) <br>
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请根据您的 Linux 版本来挑选 dhcp Server 的套件吧. <br>
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架设: <br>
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在 RedHat Linux 上, 架设 DHCP Server 是非常简单的! <br>
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1. 安装: <br>
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(a) rpm -ivh dhcp-2.0-5.i386.rpm <br>
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(b) 之後, 查看一下, 到底这个套件在主机中安置了那些档案? <br>
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rpm -ql dhcp | more <br>
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会得到以下列表: <br>
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/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd <br>
/usr/doc/dhcp-2.0 <br>
/usr/doc/dhcp-2.0/CHANGES <br>
/usr/doc/dhcp-2.0/README <br>
/usr/doc/dhcp-2.0/RELNOTES <br>
/usr/doc/dhcp-2.0/dhcpd.conf.sample <br>
/usr/man/man5/dhcp-options.5.gz <br>
/usr/man/man5/dhcpd.conf.5.gz <br>
/usr/man/man5/dhcpd.leases.5.gz <br>
/usr/man/man8/dhcpd.8.gz <br>
/usr/man/man8/dhcrelay.8.gz <br>
/usr/sbin/dhcpd <br>
/usr/sbin/dhcrelay <br>
/var/state/dhcp  <br>
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其中, 比较重要的有二个:  <br>
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其一是, /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd , 它可用来控制 dhcp server 的行为, 如: <br>
<br>
启动: /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd start <br>
停止: /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd stop <br>
重新启动: /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd restart <br>
观察运作状况: /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd status <br>
<br>
另外一个是, /usr/doc/dhcp-2.0/dhcpd.conf.sample <br>
(RedHat 7.0 在 /usr/share/doc/dhcp-2.0 中) <br>
<br>
顾名思义, 这是一个 dhcp server 的设定档本, 等一下我们要将它 copy 到 /etc 下, 并且命名为 dhcpd.conf. <br>
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(c) cp /usr/doc/dhcp-2.0/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf <br>
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2. 设定: <br>
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接着, 便可开始针对 dhcp server 的设定档 /etc/dhcpd.conf 来做设定的工作. <br>
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以下是该档的原始内容: <br>
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subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { <br>
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# --- default gateway <br>
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option routers 192.168.0.1; <br>
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option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; <br>
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option nis-domain "domain.org"; <br>
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option domain-name "domain.org"; <br>
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option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1; <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
option time-offset -5; # Eastern Standard Time <br>
<br>
# option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1; <br>
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# option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1; <br>
<br>
# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless <br>
<br>
# -- you understand Netbios very well <br>
<br>
# option netbios-node-type 2; <br>
<br>
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range dynamic-bootp 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.255; <br>
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default-lease-time 21600; <br>
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max-lease-time 43200; <br>
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# we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address <br>
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host ns { <br>
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next-server marvin.redhat.com; <br>
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hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD; <br>
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fixed-address 207.175.42.254; <br>
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} <br>
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} <br>
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请将它修改成: (以昭明国中为例, 该校为 1/2 C 前半) <br>
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subnet 163.26.167.0 netmask 255.255.255.128 { <br>
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# --- default gateway <br>
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# 路由器 IP <br>
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option routers 163.26.197.126; <br>
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# 网路遮罩 <br>
<br>
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.128; <br>
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# Domain  <br>
<br>
option domain-name "jmjh.tnc.edu.tw"; <br>