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<br>
<br>
关于Switch/MAC/Port<br>
<br>
一般的局域网采用HUB连接,如果换用Switch, 某些Switch可以锁定端口和MAC, 某个端口<br>
<br>
只允许指定MAC接入,再加上IP/MAC绑定(还要将Switch加锁), 情况会好许多. 这时<br>
<br>
如有人盗用IP除了要改IP,改MAC,还要将机器搬过来换网线(只要在雇两个保安就可以解决)<br>
<br>
<br>
这是Linux的ifconfig后一般没有信息(除了log).关键在于合法IP的MAC地址是在router处定好的,<br>
<br>
router不会发ARP查询MAC, 因此至少从router外来的包,ARP不会乱:IP的MAC合法,<br>
<br>
而非法盗用的IP相当于进入promisc模式, 从合法IP机包中取出属于自己的IP包(port不对的丢弃).<br>
<br>
ping, traceroute等ICMP双方(合法非法IP机)可以用, UDP也可以. 但TCP不行(telnet, ftp等),<br>
<br>
即合法IP机TCP可用, 盗用者不可用(要是TCP也可以了, 那盗用IP就非常简单了, 根本不用改MAC,<br>
<br>
ifconfig/route就可以了)<br>
<br>
<br>
CU精华文章<br>
路由器的网络地址转换、管理登陆限制、MAC与IP的绑定(作者:xjc1027)<br>
<br>
http://chinaunix.net/jh/30/13886.html<br>
<br>
<br>
_____________________________________________________<br>
<br>
几个注意点<br>
<br>
1.<br>
攻击方法是把攻击者自己的服务器绑定成攻击目标的IP,这样后者无法正常工作:报警说某一个MAC<br>
<br>
地址的IP与其冲突,如何利用这个MAC地址查找到当前的绑定IP?<br>
<br>
如果是在同一个网段里的可以发arp请求包,然后再解析arp回复包,即取得mac地址,<br>
<br>
至于不在一个网段内的就不能直接取mac了.<br>
<br>
<br>
2.DHCp&MAC&IP<br>
配置DHCP让一个具体的MAC绑定到一个固定的IP上完全可以，在isc的dhcpd中有一个host字段，<br>
<br>
可以定义这个功能，在dhcpd.conf文件中有详细的例子.<br>
<br>
自动分配固定内部IP给相应的MAC网卡,对不上MAC的不能上网,但可以强行写上IP,网关,DNS一样<br>
<br>
可以上网.修改一下就能实现控制用户上网(不要让人知道你的网关)<br>
<br>
<br>
内网ip最好不要像192.168.0.0/24一样,否则非上网权限用Winxp的用户无需写任何设置一样可以上<br>
-----------------------------------------------------------------<br>
dhcpd.conf<br>
option domain-name "your";<br>
option routers 192.168.1.254;<br>
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.254;61.144.56.101;<br>
ddns-update-style none;<br>
default-lease-time 88600;<br>
max-lease-time 887200;<br>
<br>
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {<br>
# range 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.0;<br>
<br>
}<br>
host usr1 { #user1<br>
hardware ethernet 00:90:99:BD:85:F7;<br>
fixed-address 192.168.1.21;<br>
}<br>
host usr2 { #user2<br>
hardware ethernet 00:A0:C9:75:A7:45;<br>
fixed-address 192.168.1.22;<br>
}<br>
host usr3 { #user3<br>
hardware ethernet 00:D0:09:59:02:DB;<br>
fixed-address 192.168.1.23;<br>
}<br>
<br>
当MAC是以上的主机user1.2.3请求分配IP地址时,DHCP会固定的分配相应的IP<br>
--------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
关于用编程获得MAC.IP<br>
<br>
CU精华区里有几篇文章很好<br>
<br>
1.本地机<br>
<br>
http://chinaunix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=85716&highlight=MAC<br>
<br>
(作者:gadfly)<br>
<br>
shell下大致方法:<br>
ifconfig -a<br>
set - -<br>
Ip=$..............<br>
MAC=$..........<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
2.子网其他机器<br>
<br>
http://chinaunix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=870221&highlight=mac#870221<br>
<br>
(解答者:gadfly)<br>
<br>
---------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
现在防地址盗用的最好方法:<br>
<br>
MAC/IP + VLAN/PVC<br>
<br>
VLAN + PPPoE<br>
<br>
Port + MAC/IP<br>
<br>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
(有待完善)<br>
<br>
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